The first is the planting theory, and the transmission route mainly includes the following three points:
1. is menstrual blood reflux;
2. It is the diffusion of lymph and vein;
3. It is iatrogenic planting; Iatrogenic implantation includes endometriosis in abdominal incision and perineal incision after delivery, which may be caused by direct implantation of endometrium into incision during operation.
The second theory is the theory of body cavity metaplasia, which holds that the surface of ovary is epithelium, and pelvic peritoneum is differentiated from body cavity epithelium with high metaplasia potential in embryonic stage.
The third is the induction theory, that is, undifferentiated peritoneal tissue can develop into endometrial tissue under the induction of endogenous biochemical factors, and the implanted endometrium can release chemicals to induce undifferentiated interstitial to form endometrial tissue.
The formation of endometriosis may be related to the following factors:
The first is genetic factors. Endometriosis has a certain family aggregation, which may be related to heredity.
Secondly, immune and inflammatory factors and abnormal immune regulation also play a very important role in the occurrence and development of endometriosis.
The third factor is other factors. Some scholars in China put forward the determinism of eutopic endometrium, believing that the biological characteristics of eutopic endometrium are the decisive factors of endometriosis. If the local microenvironment changes, it can affect the characteristics of in-situ endometrium of patients with endometriosis, such as adhesion, invasion, ability to stimulate angiogenesis, etc., which is stronger than that of non-endometriosis patients. Environmental factors are also potentially related to endometrium.
In addition, angiogenic factors may also be involved in the occurrence of endometriosis. The increase of angiogenesis factors such as vecf in peritoneal fluid of some patients increases the growth of pelvic microvessels and makes ectopic endometrium grow easily.