mù guā
2 English ReferenceCydonia lagenaria Lois. Dictionary]
Chinese floweringquince [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]
Fructus Chaenomelis(la) [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]
mon floweringqince fruit [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Chinese Medicine Nouns (2004)]
3 OverviewPapaya
Papaya is the name of a traditional Chinese medicine, which comes from "Lei Gong Gun Zhi Lun" [1]. It is the dried nearly ripe fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, family Rosaceae [2].
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China*** and the State Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) records the pharmacopoeial standard of this Chinese medicine.
4 Latin nameFructus Chaenomelis (la) (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
5 English namemon floweringqince fruit (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
6 Alias of papayaXuan papaya, Ironfoot pear[1].
Milkmelon, Wooden Pear, Mandarin
7 Source and originFruit of ChaenomelesSpeciosa (Sweet) Nakai, family Rosaceae. Mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei. [1]
8 Taste and flavorSour, astringent, warm. Into the liver, spleen, stomach meridian. [1]
9 Functions and IndicationsHarmonize the stomach and eliminate dampness, soothe the tendons and activate the collaterals. Treating vomiting and diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastrocnemius muscle spasm, dampness paralysis, dysentery, jaundice, foot fungus, lumbar and knee weakness. [1]
10 Papaya Usage and DosageDecoction: 4.5-9g [1].
11 UsesPapaya root: for foot fungus; brewed wine drink for rheumatic numbness [1].
12 Chemical compositionThe fruit contains saponins, flavonoids, tannins, vitamin C, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid [1].
13 Pharmacological effectsThe decoction has a decongestive effect on egg white arthritis in mice. It also has hepatoprotective and antibacterial effects. [1]
14 Pharmacopoeial standard of papaya 14.1 NamePapaya
Mugua
CHAENOMELIS FRUCTUS
14.2 SourceThis product is the dried nearly ripe fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, a plant of the family Rosaceae. Summer and autumn fruits are harvested when green and yellow, scalded in boiling water until the skin gray-white, half longitudinal dissection, sun-dried.
14.3 PropertiesThe product is oblong, more longitudinal dissection into two halves, 4-9cm long, 2-5cm wide, 1-2.5cm thick. the outer surface of purple-red or reddish-brown, with irregular deep wrinkles; dissected and the edge of the inward curls, flesh reddish-brown, the center part of the concave, brownish-yellow; the seeds are flat and long-triangular, and more deciduous. Texture hard. Gas slightly fragrant, taste sour.
14.4 Identification(1) The powder is yellowish brown to brownish red. Stone cells are more, in groups or scattered, colorless, yellowish or orange-yellow, round, oblong or polygonal, with a diameter of 20-82μm, obvious laminae, fine pore grooves, and the cavity contains brown or orange-red material. Exocarp cells polygonal or polygonal-like, 10-35 μm in diameter, cavity containing brown or reddish brown material. Mesocarp thin-walled cells, yellowish or light brown, orbicular-like, wrinkled, occasionally containing fine calcium oxalate square crystals.
(2) take the product powder lg, add trichloromethane l0ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue add methanol a trichloromethane (1:3) mixture of 2 ml to make dissolved, as a test solution. Another take papaya control herb lg, the same method into the control herb solution. Then take ursolic acid control, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VIB) test, absorb the above three solutions of 1 ~ 2μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and formic acid (6: 0.5: 1: 0.1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid solution of ethanol, heated at 105 ° C until the spot color is clear, respectively, placed in the daylight and ultraviolet light (365nm) Under the sunlight and ultraviolet lamp (365nm) to check. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control herb, the same color spots and fluorescent spots; in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control product, the same purple-red spots and orange-yellow fluorescent spots.
14.5 Check 14.5.1 MoistureNot more than 10.0% (Appendix IXH first method).
14.5.2 Total ashNot more than 5.0% (Appendix IXK).
14.5.3 AcidityTake 5g of powder, add 50ml of water, shaking, placed for 1 hour, filtered, filtrate according to the law (Appendix VIIG), pH should be 3.0-4.0.
14.6 LeachateAccording to the alcohol-soluble leachate method (Appendix X A) under the item of the hot leachate method, using ethanol as a solvent, not less than 15.0%.
14.7 Determination of contentDetermined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).
14.7.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability testOctadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as filler; methanol, water, glacial acetic acid and triethylamine (265:35:0.1:0.05) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength of 210 nm; the column temperature of l6 ~ 18 ℃. Theoretical plate number should not be less than 5000 according to oleanolic acid peak.
14.7.2 Preparation of control solutionTake oleanolic acid control, ursolic acid control appropriate amount, precision weighing, add methanol to make a mixture of 0.1mg of each 1ml of the solution, that is, obtained.
14.7.3 Preparation of test solutionTake about 0.5g of powder, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 25ml of methanol, tightly stoppered, weighing. Ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 20 minutes, cooled, and then weighing, methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, take the filtrate, that is obtained.
14.7.4 DeterminationPrecisely suck up the control solution and test solution 20μl each, injected into the liquid chromatography only, determination, that is, obtained.
This product is calculated according to the dry product. The total amount of oleanolic acid (C30H4803) and ursolic acid (C30H4803) should not be less than 0.50%.
14.8 Papaya slices 14.8.1 ConcoctionWashed, moistened or steamed and cut into thin slices, dried.
This product is crescent-shaped slices. The appearance of purple red or brownish red, with irregular deep wrinkles. The cut surface is brownish red. Slightly fragrant, sour flavor.
14.8.2 Identification and examinationSame as herbs.
14.8.3 Taste and attributionSour, warm. Attributed to the liver and spleen meridians.
14.8.4 Functions and IndicationsRelaxing tendons and activating collaterals, harmonizing the stomach and resolving dampness. Used for dampness paralysis and contracture. Soreness and pain in lumbar and knee joints. Summer dampness, vomiting and diarrhea, contracture pain, foot edema.
14.8.5 Usage and dosage6~9g.
14.8.6 StorageIn a cool and dry place, moisture-proof, moth-proof.
14.9 OriginChinese People's Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition
15 edible fruit - papayaPapaya (Carica papaya) papaya for the deciduous shrubs of the Rosaceae family of plants stick peduncle begonia or papaya ripe fruit. The former used to call "wrinkled skin papaya", the latter used to call "light skin papaya". Mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan and other places, Anhui Xuancheng producer called "Xuan papaya", the quality is better. Summer and fall fruit green and yellow when picking. Wrinkled skin papaya scalded in water until the skin gray-white, half of the longitudinal part of the sun-dried; light skin papaya longitudinal part of the two or four petals in boiling water after scalding, sun-dried. Sliced raw.
15.1 Nutritional value of papayapapaya as a fruit is actually papaya, smooth and beautiful skin, thick and delicate flesh, rich aroma, juicy, sweet and tasty, nutritious, "the fruit of the hundred benefits", "the king of fruits", "longevity melon", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits", "the king of fruits". It is one of the four most famous fruits in Lingnan, with the name of "fruit of all benefits", "king of fruits" and "longevity melon". Papaya is rich in more than 17 kinds of amino acids and calcium, iron, etc., but also contains papain, papaverine and so on. Half a medium-sized papaya enough for adults all day long required vitamin C. Papaya in China has been known as "longevity fruit", as the name suggests, eat more can prolong life.
1. Spleen and digestion: papaya in the papain, can be broken down into fatty acids fat; modern medicine has found that papaya contains an enzyme that can digest protein, is conducive to the human body on the digestion and absorption of food, so there are spleen and digestion.
2. Anti-epidemic and insecticidal: papaya alkaloids and papain have anti-tuberculosis bacilli and parasites such as vermin, roundworms, whipworms, amoebas, etc., so it can be used to kill insects and anti-TB.
3. Lactation and anti-cancer: Lactase in papaya has the effect of lactation, papaverine has the function of anti-lymphatic leukemia, so it can be used for lactation and treatment of lymphatic leukemia (blood cancer).
4. Nutritional supplementation, improve disease resistance: papaya contains a lot of water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, a variety of vitamins and a variety of essential amino acids, which can effectively replenish the body's nutrients, enhance the body's ability to resist disease.
5. Anti-spasmodic: papaverine contained in the pulp of papaya has the effect of relieving spasm pain, gastrocnemius muscle spasm has obvious therapeutic effects.
15.2 Buying PapayaTips for buying papaya: There are male and female papayas. Male papaya oval line, heavy body, core less meat firm, sweet flavor. Female melon body is slightly longer, more meat loose core, taste a little worse. Raw papaya or half-raw is more suitable for soup; as a fruit consumption should buy more ripe melon. When papaya is ripe, the skin is yellow and the flavor is especially sweet. If the skin has black spots, it has begun to deteriorate, and the sweetness, flavor and nutrition have been destroyed.
15.3 Papaya for the crowdGeneral population can eat
1. suitable for chronic atrophic gastritis patients, lack of milk maternity, rheumatism, tendon pain, bruises and sprains patients, dyspepsia, obesity patients;
2. not suitable for pregnant women, allergic people.
15.4 The therapeutic efficacy of papayaPapaya is warm and sour in nature, and enters the liver and spleen meridians;
It has the efficacy of eliminating food, driving away worms, clearing heat, and dispelling wind;
It is mainly used in treating stomach ache, dyspepsia, lung-heat and dry cough, breast milk failure, eczema, parasitic disease, and spasmodic pain in the hands and feet, etc.
It is not suitable for pregnant women and people with allergies.
15.5 Papaya Consumption SuggestionsAbout 1/4 papaya at a time
Most of the cures are Xuan papaya, the northern papaya, which should not be eaten fresh; the edible papaya is the senna papaya, which is produced in the south, and can be eaten raw, or as a vegetable in stews with meat.
1. Used for limb contracture pain caused by dampness paralysis, this product can dispel dampness, relieve contracture, Shu tendons and collaterals. It is often used together with hyssop and wilsonia.
2. Harmonize the stomach and eliminate dampness. This product can wake up the spleen and stomach, acidic flavor can produce fluids and air transport to relieve tendons, often used in the treatment of vomiting, pain, diarrhea, stomach loss and descending.
Papaya in the papaya alkaloids, the human body has a small poison, each time the amount of food should not be too much, allergy should be cautious. You can't eat papaya when you're pregnant just for fear of causing abdominal pain from uterine contractions, but it won't affect the fetus.
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