Chicken farmers have to understand a few chicken tips Observation of chicken feces to diagnose chicken disease has a knack: coccidiosis will make the chicken feces in chocolate color; severe viral disease will make the chicken feces in dark green or even black-green; the general viral disease infections will make the chicken feces appear to be a light green; the important characteristic of chicken dysentery is that the chicken feces stick to the *** and it is white. and is white in color.
Farmers should avoid keeping chickens in a humid environment for a long time, because it is very easy for chickens to get diseases like splenic necrosis Egg farmers can consider supplementing their chickens with extra nutrient solution at the peak of egg production, which is beneficial for prolonging the peak of egg production. Farmers should wait 24 hours for western medicine and 12 hours for Chinese medicine after immunizing their chickens with vaccines.
Farmers should pay attention to the treatment of chickens: renal drugs and antibacterial drugs can not be used at the same time, and renal drugs are best used at night; E. coli drugs are best used in the morning; the treatment of splenic necrosis type of drugs is best used after 5 pm; the treatment of chicken enteritis drugs want to have a good effect, it is used in the morning; and the treatment of respiratory drugs for chickens with the drug is recommended to give the drug in the afternoon. Some of the medication you know, there is a little chicken farmers should also pay attention to, that is, if you want to give chickens mixing medicine, it is best not to use iron or aluminum utensils, or these metal products contain electrolytic ions may affect the properties of the drug.
2. Seek common sense for free-range earth chicken
1 Site Selection The selected mountainous area should be free of pollution, and must be far away from residential areas, industrial and mining areas and main roads.
The environment is quiet and peaceful, and the air is clean. Gently sloping, long shrubs, thorn forests, broad-leaved forests and other mountainous areas are preferred.
Nearby there should be non-polluting streams, ponds and other clean water sources. 2 Species selection China's local high-quality local chickens, such as Chongren chicken, Xianju chicken, Ningdu yellow chicken, Gushi chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, three yellow chicken, Qingyuan chicken, apricot chicken, etc., with a small body size, beautiful color, lively and active, rough feeding, disease resistance, suitable for free-range characteristics.
And the egg quality is good, the meat is tender, the flavor is delicious and tasty, loved by chicken farmers and consumers. 3 stocking scale stocking scale to each group of 1500 ~ 2000 feathers is appropriate, the scale is too large inconvenience management, scale is too small is low efficiency, stocking density of about 200 feathers per acre of mountain land is appropriate, using the "all in all out system".
4 shed building 4.1 site selection Build a shed should be in the stocking area to find a wind and sun, the terrain is relatively flat, not waterlogged flat, next to the forest or orchard should be, so that the chickens in the sun when the shade of the shade, but also a relatively open area, preferably grass, sand, so that chickens are free to roost and peck. There should be a water source nearby.
4.2 Methods of building a shed Generally, the shed is 4~5 meters wide and 7~9 meters long, with a height of 1.7~1.8 meters in the middle and 0.8~0.9 meters on both sides. Covering layer usually with 3 layers, from inside to outside, the first layer with linoleum, the second layer covered with straw, the third layer covered with plastic film.
On both sides of the roof of the shed and its head with sand masonry to the film linoleum pressure, the other end of the shed to open an exit, in order to facilitate the feeders and chickens in and out, but also to facilitate ventilation. The main support of the shed with wire in four directions to pull firmly, to prevent the storm toppled the shed.
Inside the shed, there are 2 to 3 layers of roosting frames for chickens to roost. Depending on the number of chickens stocked to determine the number of sheds built.
4.3 Laying bedding If you don't build a perch, you should lay some bedding on the ground to keep warm. Bedding requires fresh and non-polluting, soft, dry, absorbent, moderate length and thickness, such as green hay, straw, sawdust, hulls, small shavings, etc., can be mixed.
The bedding should be exposed to the sun before use, and moldy bedding grass should be picked out. Laying thickness of 3 to 5 centimeters is appropriate.
5 Chicken rearing management 5.1 Chick rearing management 5.1.1 The choice of brooding time In most areas of northern China, the choice of spring (February to April) brooding is more appropriate, the latest can not be later than June. Spring cultivation of the chick growth and development speed, high survival rate.
Into the breeding stage is the end of spring and early summer season, green plants, insects and other rich, can provide high-quality feed for the woodchucks, the late stage of breeding light time gradually shortened, can prevent the chick from premature production, so as to ensure the appropriate laying conditions, to maintain a longer egg-laying period. Chicks bred in spring start laying in the fall of the year, when temperatures are favorable, crops and insects are abundant, and egg quality is good.
After laying eggs for a year, they stop laying and change feathers in the fall of the next year, which makes the egg laying period longer and the egg production higher. Spring brooding, the peak of egg production around the National Day, followed by the Mid-Autumn Festival, New Year's Day, Spring Festival, increased demand.
After 1 year of egg laying, the woodchucks can be eliminated, which meets the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, and the sales price of live chickens is high. 5.1.2 Timely drinking water and open food After the chicks enter the brooding room, let the chicks rest for half an hour to one hour, then they can drink water.
The temperature of the water should be about 32℃. Drink potassium permanganate solution for the first 2 days to prevent white diarrhea disease in chicks.
After drinking water, the chicks can quickly discharge the meconium, which can promote the chicks' metabolism, but also *** appetite. After the opening of the drink can open the food, fed to the easily digestible, nutritional feed, currently used with the chick pellets, can also feed the chick material.
Feeding should be regular, quantitative, small, multiple meals. The amount of each feeding to 15-20 minutes to finish eating is appropriate.
5.1.3 Suitable environmental temperature and humidity Suitable temperature is the key to the success of brooding. When the chicks come out of the shell, the temperature of the incubation room should be 37.5 ℃, and the temperature should not differ too much after the chicks are transferred from the incubation room to the brooding room.
The appropriate temperatures for the various stages of the chicks are 43℃~35℃ for 1~2 years old; 34℃~32℃ for 3~7 years old; 30℃~28℃ for the second week; 28℃~6℃ for the third week. The brood period in the winter and spring decreased by 2 ℃ per week, summer and fall decreased by 3 ℃ per week, until 21 ℃.
Humidity requirements: the first week of relative humidity of 70% to 75%, the second week down to 60%, after the third week try to maintain the level of 55% to 60%. Humidity is too large, is conducive to the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms, easy to induce coccidioidomycosis; humidity is too small, the chicken house is dry, the chick respiration accelerated, the body of the water with the respiration of a large number of exudation, the remaining yolk in the abdomen of the poor absorption, affecting the development of the chick.
The water basin can be filled with water to evaporate naturally, to achieve the purpose of humidification. 5.1.4 Timely grouping The strong and weak chicks should be reared in groups in a timely manner.
Weak and sick chicks can be picked out at the first feeding in the morning, and the weak and sick chicks are often squeezed out when grabbing food, so it's easy to tell. The sick chicks should be isolated and treated in time, and the heavier ones should be eliminated immediately.
Frequent observation of the chick's state of mind, appetite, activity and feces is one of the most important measures to obtain excellent brood rearing results. 5.1.5 Grazing training Young chicks can generally be de-warmed and reared in about 5 weeks.
After de-warming, they can be transferred to the mountains for stocking. In order to let the chicks develop the habit of going up the hill to forage for food as early as possible, from the beginning of the de-warming and transferring to the hill, every morning to go up the hill to guide the training.
Generally, 2 people cooperate, 1 person in front of the whistle to open the road and throw the pellet feed, so that the chicken follow the coaxing, another person in the back with a bamboo pole to drive until all the mountain. In order to strengthen the effect, every day at noon in the mountains can be whistled to make up for the food 1 time, at the same time, keepers should adhere to the shed in time to drive away early return to the house of chickens, and control the range of activities of chickens, until the evening with the same method of return to the house of training.
After 5~7 days of training, the chickens will have established the conditioned reflex of "whistle blowing - feeding", and they can be called by whistle blowing in the future. 5.1.6 Grazing site fencing Grazing woodlands should be fenced or not according to the grazing level of the managers.
Fishnet with a mesh of 2cm*2cm can be used for fencing, and the height of the net is 1.5~2.0m. 5.2 Feeding management during the growing period This period is characterized by the fast growth of chickens, strong appetite, and increasing amount of food intake.
This phase is fed by grazing combined with supplemental feeding, so that the body is fully developed and the feathers are plump, laying the foundation for later fattening.
3. chicken technical knowledge
Suitable for mass chicken rearing methods are mainly plastic greenhouse chicken, cage chicken and mountain chicken.
Plastic greenhouse chicken: This is a small investment, quick results, high income chicken farming methods, it is worth in the beginning of the chicken industry, the economic conditions of the poor chicken farmers to promote the application. Advantages of plastic greenhouse chicken convenient: plastic greenhouse chicken coop main material for ordinary agricultural film, bamboo and grass curtains, these materials in addition to film, other are easy to obtain.
Can be built as needed, not to compete with the agricultural field, and can be combined with agriculture and animal husbandry, chicken fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, but also to facilitate thorough disinfection of the shed, eradication of pathogens. Low cost: the general construction of the chicken coop per chicken counts about 30 yuan investment, with this method requires only 4 yuan, and build simple, time-saving labor, but also make full use of the other original free shed chicken, and easy to manage, can improve the survival rate, the average rate of broodstock and the rate of broodstock were up to 98% and 96% or more.
1 greenhouse only need to raise 3 batches of chickens to recover the investment. Sufficient light: Because of the translucent characteristics of the plastic greenhouse, the natural light area is large and long, which is conducive to improving the survival rate, accelerating the growth rate and reducing feed consumption.
Good insulation: this advantage is particularly prominent in winter, can improve the hen egg production rate and broiler weight gain rate. Cage chicken: This method of chicken rearing, high stocking density, easy to artificially control the feeding conditions, to ensure that the egg production rate of laying hens is stable, high yield and fast weight gain of broilers, the consumption of relatively little material, saving space, bedding, etc., but also by the producers of the popularity.
Mountain chicken: it is the use of grassy hills and slopes, orchards, woodlands, deserted beaches and other places of natural green fodder and insects and other animal feed stocking domestic chickens. It has good isolation conditions, less disease, high survival rate, less investment.
Both reduce the cost of feeding, but also increase the wild taste, raise the chicken flavor unique, good quality, no fishy, tasty, quite popular with consumers, so the price is good, high efficiency, is a good way to get rich. The following highlights the main technology of this chicken: Variety selection Mountain chicken is characterized by grazing, in the selection of varieties should choose suitable for grazing, disease resistance of the soil or soil chicken is appropriate, such as Taoyuan chicken, Xianju chicken, Gu Shi chicken, Xiao Shan chicken, Zhuanghe chicken, chicken, chicken, apricot chicken, Yangshan chicken, Qingyuan chicken, chicken, chicken, Sanyuan Hu Su, Zhongshan sand bar chicken, Xinyi, Guangxi chicken and other local varieties of good.
They are resistant to rough feeding, disease resistance, although the growth rate is slow, low feed compensation, but the meat is delicious, high prices, large profits, should be the first choice of varieties of mountain rearing. Shelter building Site selection.
Whether the site selection of mountain chicken is appropriate, the relationship between health and epidemic prevention, the growth of chickens and the efficiency of the feeders, related to the success or failure of chicken rearing and benefits. Site selection should follow the following principles: (1) both conducive to epidemic prevention, but also convenient transportation.
(2) The site should be selected in a high, dry, well-drained place. (3) The site should have shade equipment to prevent sunstroke or rain cold.
(4) The site should have a water source and power, and circled to prevent loss and bring in germs. Sheltered from the wind and sunshine, the terrain is relatively flat, not waterlogged grassy slopes.
It is best to have trees in it so that the chickens can cool off in the shade. Shedding method.
The requirements of the chicken coop design are: ventilation, dry, warm in winter, cool in summer, the seat should be sitting north to south. The general shed width of 4-5 meters, 7-9 meters long, the middle height of 1.7-1.8 meters, the two sides of the high 0.8-0.9 meters.
Usually used from the inside out linoleum, straw, film three-layer roof to waterproof insulation. In the roof of the shed on both sides and one end of the sand masonry to the film linoleum pressure, the other end of an entrance and exit, in order to facilitate the feeders and chickens in and out.
The main bracket of the shed is pulled firmly with wire in four directions to prevent the shed from being overturned by storms. The shed was cleaned and sterilized.
After each batch of chickens, the chicken shed should be thoroughly cleaned, replace the ground surface soil, cleaning tools. The ground and utensils in the shed were first sprayed and disinfected with 3%-5% Lysol water solution, then fumigated and disinfected with 25 ml of formalin plus 12.5 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space.
The grassy hills and slopes where chickens were originally kept should also be disinfected by spreading 1 layer of slaked lime on the ground and then spraying. It is best to utilize non-polluting grassy hills and grassy slopes to build new sheds.
Laying bedding. In order to keep warm, you need to lay some bedding.
The bedding requires fresh and non-polluting, loose, dry, absorbent sawdust, small shavings, straw, grain husk, etc., can be mixed. Before use, the bedding should be exposed to the sun, pick out the moldy bedding.
Thickness of 3-5 centimeters is appropriate. Feed selection Generally speaking, the growth rate of high-quality soil chicken is slow, and the requirements for the nutritional level of the feed are relatively low, but you can't just feed a single feed, so as not to cause nutritional deficiencies, which will affect the growth and development and reduce the survival rate.
You should choose the quality soil chicken series of full-price pellets or mixed feed. In addition, you can replace part of the mix with mountain-grown pumpkin, sweet potato, cassava and other miscellaneous grains.
Chick feeding management The growth and development of chicks is characterized by poor thermoregulation, fast growth, imperfect digestion, poor disease resistance, strong sensitivity, preferring to live in groups and timidity. Therefore, the following points should be grasped in feeding management: Drinking water and open food.
After the chicks enter the brooder room, rest for half an hour to 1 hour, then you can feed water. Generally feeding water precedes feeding.
The water temperature of about 32 ℃ is appropriate, do not drink cold water. The first 2 days can drink dilute concentration of potassium permanganate solution, is conducive to anti-inflammatory, sterilization, prevention of white diarrhea in chicks.
After drinking water, chicks can quickly discharge meconium *** appetite. Generally after opening the drink, you can open the food.
Spread the open feed on the light-colored plastic sheet spread on the bedding, and let the chicks eat freely. Chick's digestion is poor, must be fed easy to digest, nutritional comprehensive feed.
Chickens out of the shell 2 days later, appetite is strong. Feeding should be timed and rationed, generally feeding 80% full is appropriate.
Too full will cause indigestion; insufficient will affect the growth and development of the chicks, and even cause pecking fetish. The amount of material to be fed in 15-20 minutes is appropriate.
Environmental temperature and humidity. The key to brooding is to give chicks the right temperature.
Take the temperature under the brooder as an example: it is 34-35℃ at 1-2 days of age; 32-34℃ at 3-7 days of age; 30-28℃ in the 2nd week; 28-26℃ in the 3rd week. Brooding period in the winter and spring 2 ℃ per week down, summer and fall 3 ℃ per week down to 21 ℃ until.
Chick requirements for humidity, the first week of relative humidity in the 70% -75%, the second week down to 60%, after the third week to try to maintain the level of 55% - 60%. Excessive humidity is conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and can easily induce coccidiosis.
Too little humidity, dry.
4. Chicken technology and chicken disease prevention and control technology
Blind development for the purpose of pursuing momentary economic benefits, ignoring the prevention and control of chicken diseases and the protection of the environment.
Raising chickens brings income to farmers, especially broilers, because of its short rearing cycle, quick results, good breeding, income will be more. Some farmers have therefore started to raise broilers and some high-yield egg-laying chickens on a large scale.
However, due to the neglect of the prevention and control of chicken diseases, the lack of awareness of the importance of preventing chicken diseases and awareness of the protection of the environment, resulting in the prevalence of many chicken diseases, environmental pollution, broiler deaths more than the egg-laying chickens laying fewer eggs, the loss of serious. For example: into the chickens from the private hatchery to buy rather than from the regular manufacturers into: in the chicken farms to raise dogs, the sick and dead chickens fed to the dogs or thrown around the chicken farms; do not exterminate rats and flies pests, indoor sanitation, poor ventilation and other phenomena in the chicken farmers and chicken farms in the prevalence of the phenomenon.
Chicken farmers only for the pursuit of economic benefits, disease prevention and control awareness is weak. 2. In the prevention and treatment of chicken disease, the treatment is more important than prevention.
Chicken intensive production is more intensive, once the group disease, the harm is endless, chicken farmers have realized this. In this regard, it is common to take the following measures: in the chicken throughout the feeding cycle, feed and drinking water are added to the health care to add Ji and antibiotics: in the case of not fully understand the prevalence of chicken disease in their own farms, blindly imitating others to develop the immunization program: injection of vaccines never to do immunization monitoring of the quality of the vaccine, the storage and dosage of the vaccine did not pay enough attention to the prevention of the work done if the chicken disease, the main treatment is to cure the disease, but also to prevent the disease from spreading. The main focus is to cure the disease.
Now more and more chicken diseases, especially infectious diseases accounted for a large proportion, and many viral infectious diseases and the lack of effective treatment. In this case, the phenomenon of blind drug use and abuse of drugs is very prominent.
In the chicken disease prevention and treatment of inputs, treatment accounted for more than 80%, the more treatment of chicken disease, the more, the higher the morbidity rate, the prevention and treatment work is completely caught in a passive situation. 3. Lack of common sense necessary for scientific chicken.
At present, although the number of chickens, but most of the cultural level of chicken farmers bottom, backward feeding management, chicken level is not high. High-laying chickens in the egg-laying peak, the egg production rate of only 85% or so, broiler meat ratio of 1:3.6 or so, due to the lack of scientific chicken necessary common sense, leading to nutritional metabolic diseases and toxic diseases are increasing, many infectious diseases prevented year after year, occurring year after year.
Two suggestions: firmly establish "prevention-oriented, combination of prevention, prevention is more important than cure" ideas and concepts to guide production. In the hatching, seedling, egg laying, the entire production process, we must put the prevention and environmental protection work in the first place.
First of all, we should strengthen the feeding management, improve the hygiene and disinfection of the house and the environment, and regularly kill insects, rats and flies, and carry out harmless treatment of feces. Secondly, we should ask animal husbandry professionals to provide guidance on the nutritional requirements of chicken diets, and ask veterinary personnel to investigate and understand the chicken disease situation in the chicken farms, to help develop scientific immunization procedures, to help do a good job of immunization monitoring and planned immunization at the right time, once the immunization fails, we should consult veterinary personnel to find out the reasons for the failure to overcome, the sick chickens should be taken seriously, and we should listen to the views of veterinary personnel, timely treatment and disposal, to avoid contamination of the environment, to avoid contaminating the environment. Avoid polluting the environment.
Breeding technology prevention and control technology complete practical production problems we discuss together. I just built the Ali Wangwang group 30292477.
5. What are the types of common chicken diseases
Chickens, like other animals, are affected by a variety of disease-causing factors, often occurring diseases.
In order to facilitate the prevention and study of these diseases, usually categorized according to the cause of the disease, they are infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, poisoning diseases, nutritional metabolic diseases. Infectious diseases infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas and other microorganisms.
This type of disease is characterized by obvious infectiousness, often causing a large number of chickens and death, resulting in serious economic losses. There are many infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as chicken E. coli, chicken dysentery, *** bacilliosis, chicken infectious rhinitis, chicken staphylococcus disease and so on.
Infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as avian influenza, chicken Newcastle disease, chicken malignant disease, chicken infectious bursal disease, chicken infectious bronchitis and infectious laryngotracheitis. Diseases caused by mycoplasmosis are chicken chronic respiratory disease.
Parasitic diseases caused by parasites are called parasitic diseases, such as coccidiosis, trichomoniasis, nematodes, tapeworms, as well as mites and lice parasitized on the body surface. Nutritional Metabolic DiseaseNutritional Metabolic Disease is a disease caused by improper use or deficiency of certain nutrients, vitamins, and trace elements.
Such as vitamin deficiencies, trace element deficiencies and so on. Poisoning disease caused by toxic chemicals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and certain therapeutic drugs improper use of the disease called poisoning disease.
Such as aflatoxin poisoning, pesticide poisoning, sulfonamides and quinol drug poisoning.
6. Chicken technology and chicken disease prevention and treatment technology
The pursuit of economic benefits for the purpose of blind development, ignoring the prevention and treatment of chicken disease and the protection of the environment. Chicken farming has brought income to farmers, especially broilers, because of its short rearing cycle, quick results, good breeding, the income will be more. Some farmers have therefore started large-scale breeding of broilers and some high-yield egg-laying chickens. However, due to the neglect of the prevention and control of chicken diseases, the lack of awareness of the importance of preventing chicken diseases and awareness of the protection of the environment, resulting in the prevalence of many chicken diseases, environmental pollution, broiler deaths more than the egg-laying hens laying fewer eggs, the loss of serious. For example: into the chickens from the private hatchery to buy rather than from the regular manufacturers into: in the chicken farms to raise dogs, the sick and dead chickens fed to the dogs or thrown around the chicken farms; do not exterminate rats and flies pests, indoor hygiene, poor ventilation and other phenomena in the chicken farmers and chicken farms in the widespread phenomenon. Chicken farmers only for the pursuit of economic benefits, disease prevention and control awareness is weak.
2. In chicken disease prevention and treatment, treatment is more important than prevention. Chicken intensive production is more intensive, once the group disease, the harm is endless, chicken farmers have recognized this. In this regard, it is common to take the following measures: in the chicken throughout the feeding cycle, feed and drinking water are added to the health care to add Ji and antibiotics: in the case of not fully understand the prevalence of chicken disease in their own farms, blindly imitating others to develop the immunization program: injection of seedling never to do immunization monitoring of the quality of the vaccine, the storage and dosage of the vaccine did not pay enough attention to the prevention of the work done if the chicken disease, the treatment of the disease is the main focus. After the preventive work is done, if the chickens are sick, the main focus is to cure the disease. Nowadays, there are more and more chicken diseases, especially infectious diseases accounted for a large proportion, and many viral infectious diseases and the lack of effective treatment. Under such circumstances, the phenomenon of blind drug use and drug abuse is very prominent. In the chicken disease prevention and treatment of inputs, treatment accounted for more than 80%, the more treatment of chicken disease, the higher the morbidity rate, prevention and treatment work completely into a passive situation.
3. Lack of common sense necessary for scientific chicken. At present, although the number of chickens, but most of the cultural level of chicken farmers on the bottom of the backward way of feeding management, chicken level is not high. High-laying chickens in the egg-laying peak, the egg production rate of only 85% or so, broiler meat ratio of 1:3.6 or so, due to the lack of scientific chicken necessary common sense, leading to nutritional metabolic diseases and toxic diseases are increasing, many infectious diseases prevented year after year, occurring year after year.
Two recommendations:
Firmly establish the "prevention-oriented, combination of prevention, prevention is more important than cure" ideas and concepts to guide production. In the hatching, into the seedling, egg laying, the entire production process, we must put the prevention and environmental protection work in the first place. First of all, we should strengthen the feeding management, improve the hygiene and disinfection of the house and the environment, regularly kill insects, rats and flies, and harmless treatment of feces. Secondly, we should ask animal husbandry professionals to provide guidance on the nutrition required in the chicken diet, ask veterinary personnel to investigate and understand the chicken disease situation in the chicken farm, to help develop a scientific immunization program, to help do a good job of immunization monitoring and planned timely immunization, once the immunization fails, we should promptly consult veterinary personnel to find out the reasons for the failure to overcome, the sick chickens should be taken seriously, and we should listen to the views of veterinary personnel, timely treatment and disposal, to Avoid polluting the environment.
Breeding technology prevention and control technology complete
Practical production have problems we discuss together.
I just built the Ali Wangwang group 30292477
7. What are the current chicken diseases
The current chicken diseases are diverse, according to the cause of the disease can be divided into three categories of infectious diseases, parasitic diseases and common diseases.
(1) Infectious diseases. Caused by pathogenic microorganisms, with a certain incubation period and clinical manifestations, and infectious diseases.
Infectious diseases are a category of diseases that have a greater impact on the chicken industry. At present, the production of infectious diseases have a greater impact on the Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, Marek's disease and other immunosuppressive diseases, as well as Escherichia coli, salmonellosis, chronic respiratory diseases.
(2) parasitic diseases. Parasitic disease is a disease that affects the health or performance of the body due to the presence of internal or external parasites in the body.
The parasites usually cause mechanical damage to the body; they rob the body of nutrients, causing malnutrition; they secrete toxins in the chicken body, leading to poisoning; they also cause damage to the immune organs, leading to immunization failure. Parasites can also cause damage to immune organs and lead to immunization failure. Parasitic diseases that have a greater impact include coccidiosis, ascariasis, tapeworm, trematode, appendicular hepatitis, as well as ticks, leeches and other ectoparasitic infections.
(1) Common diseases. Common disease refers to a class of diseases caused by non-biological pathogenic factors, and it is customary to refer to diseases other than infectious and parasitic diseases as common diseases.
The common common diseases in chicken production are nutritional metabolic diseases (such as vitamin deficiency, smashing deficiency, etc.) and toxic diseases.
8. chicken knowledge: free-range chicken need to pay attention to what problems
This year, in each city "forest - grass - chicken" breeding mode has been This year, in various cities, "forest - grass - chicken" farming model has been widely promoted, soil chicken rearing increased dramatically, becoming a major feature of the poultry industry.
However, with the expansion of the scale of soil chicken farming, soil chicken E. coli disease, mycoplasmosis, parahaemophilic bacillus disease is on the rise, greatly restricting the rapid development of the soil chicken farming industry and the scale of the level of improvement, the problem can not be ignored. The health level of the scientifically introduced breeders has a great impact on the chicks, and many diseases are vertically transmitted to the chicks through the breeding eggs.
Currently, many chicken farmers from small hatcheries into the vast majority of chickens, eggs from thousands of households, the quality can not be guaranteed, due to unqualified eggs triggered by dysentery and other chicken disease is quite common. Therefore, chicken farmers should be cautious, especially large-scale chicken farmers should choose to feed management, disease purification level of relatively good breeding farms or hatcheries into the chickens, to reduce unnecessary losses.
Reasonable use of medication now chicken disease are showing "age" development trend, the drug resistance of germs is quite serious, early infection, mixed infection, repeated infection occurs. The soil chicken farmers should be under the guidance of veterinary technicians to do a good job of drug prevention and treatment, the conditions of the place can carry out drug sensitivity tests, select sensitive drugs for prevention and treatment, so that the drug to the disease.
Prevent overdose and "multi-drug" damage to the chicken's liver and kidney function, inducing acute infectious diseases. The use of forest fruit land supporting the model of free-range chicken, played a planting, breeding and harmonious development of good results, to achieve a "win-win".
On the one hand, chicken manure can do fruit trees, forest fertilizer, organic fertilizer for the trees, while chickens can peck pests, to promote the growth of fruit trees; on the other hand, the trees have created a suitable environment for the growth of chickens, the combination of planting and raising the formation of a biological chain to achieve a very good comprehensive benefits. But in the orchard free-range chicken should also pay attention to the following aspects.
First, the choice of orchards Economic forests (pear orchards, peach orchards, orchards, elevated vineyards), "four" forests, timber forests, etc. can be farmed. It is not advisable to choose the young age of the forest and fruit land, the tree shape of the short forest and fruit land.
In order to provide chickens with sufficient, high-quality grass, trees can be planted between vegetables, pasture. Second, the appropriate breeding varieties of orchard chicken feeding management conditions are not high, therefore, the breeding of chicken varieties require strong adaptability, resistance to rough feeding and disease resistance.
The most suitable varieties, first of all, for the local chicken, followed by local hybrid chicken, again is a good breed of chicken, generally not suitable for breeding large broiler. Third, the scale of farming orchard chicken is the implementation of grazing free-range, chicken scale must be reasonably determined according to the size of the area of forest and fruit land, generally about 100 chickens per acre is appropriate.
Density is too large, it is not conducive to the daily management of fruit trees, but also makes the natural purification of chicken manure difficult, resulting in environmental pollution; density is too small, it will weaken the utilization efficiency of the forest and fruit land. Fourth, the soil chicken epidemic prevention In general, the soil chicken has less disease, the characteristics of roughage resistance.
But because of the long rearing cycle of soil chicken, coupled with long-term grazing in the field, increased exposure to pathogens, and sometimes meet the "four gardens" crop spraying pesticides caused by pesticide poisoning of soil chicken, so the epidemic prevention of free-range chickens can not be ignored. In addition to strengthening the daily management, should also be strictly disinfected.
Finally, when spraying pesticides on the orchard to prevent pests and diseases, be sure to isolate the chickens for more than a week, so that the chickens are not harmed by the drug. For some farmers think that the chicken gripping food apples, this is a misunderstanding, the chicken does not eat apples, on the contrary, can also peck pests.
As for the details, you should pay attention to: First, the brooding stage of the insulation: the appropriate temperature of the chicken is: 1-2 days of age 34-35 ℃, 3-7 days of age 32-34 ℃, 8-14 days of age 30-32 ℃, 15-21 days of age 27-30 ℃, 22-28 days of age 24-27 ℃. 29-35 days of age 21-24 ℃, at this time, you can be removed from the temperature. Dehumidification is still good in captivity first, the density is warmer, and then slowly put out to adapt to the environmental temperature.
Second, the construction of the necessary facilities for the growth of soil chicken chicks in the brooder room time can not be less than 30 days, brooder room temperature from 1 day old 36 ℃ down to 30 days of age 22 ℃, humidity from 75% of the age of 1 day down to 30 days of age 55%. Build a pergola according to the number of feeding chickens to build a pergola for the chickens summer heat, wind days to avoid the wind, rain shower, rest, etc., the location of the pergola can be based on the hillside trend and geographical characteristics, built in the wind, sunrise place.
You can also use trees to cool down, to do summer heat. Improve the egg laying soil chicken in natural conditions in winter egg production rate ground, to create conditions suitable for soil chicken production, improve the level of production.
Conditional field households, you can build a caged chicken house, into the winter, the soil chicken into the cage rearing, to maintain the temperature of the house, so that the soil chicken in the winter can continue to lay eggs. Third, strengthen the feeding management chicks into the house before the preparation of heating equipment, drinking water equipment, feeding equipment, feed, etc..
Clean and disinfect the brooder house. After the chicks enter the brooder room, let the chicks rest for 1 hour, first use 1:2000 potassium permanganate water, water temperature does not exceed 35 ℃, give the chicken drink water once, clean up the intestinal germs, after 2 hours -3 hours and then open the food.
Spread the feed on the cattle.
9. How to look at chicken manure to identify chicken disease
Generally normal chicken manure is in the form of strips, there is a white layer of urate covering the surface of the chicken manure, soft and hard moderately.
The color can vary depending on the type of feed, mostly gray-green or yellow. If it is too hard or too thin, it is caused by insufficient or excessive water intake.
But too soft is because of too much chaff in the feed. If the chicken manure is abnormal in quality, quantity, shape and color, it may be caused by disease.
Abnormal chicken droppings are as follows: Flesh-red droppings: shaped like rotten meat, which is formed by shedding the intestinal mucosa. It is mostly seen in chickens recovering from coccidiosis, tapeworm, ascariasis and enteritis.
Blood feces: black or tea-black feces, commonly seen in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage; red or bright red feces, mostly seen in lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Yellow sulfur feces: feces covered with a layer of yellow or yellowish urine.
That is formed when the liver lobules are damaged thereby affecting bile excretion, causing bilirubin to enter the bloodstream and be excreted via urine. It is mostly seen in appendicitis and hepatitis.
Green sticky foul-smelling stool: feces present black-green, which is due to the bile and intestinal shedding of tissue cells mixed together, mostly seen in avian cholera, Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis. Thin feces: chicken digestion is normal, but the feces contain more water and not shaped, mostly due to the hot weather when the amount of drinking water suddenly increased, feed containing too much salt, mild E. coli infestation, feed containing slightly toxic substances.
Rust-colored watery stools: Rust-colored watery stools mixed with urates, sometimes mixed with incompletely digested feed. This is due to severe intestinal bleeding.
Mostly seen in early poisoning of Newcastle disease and other diseases that cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Milk-like feces: milky white, dilute watery, like milk poured on the ground, mostly seen in mucosal congestion, mild enteritis.
White scanty feces: sticky, often sticky in the chicken ***, mostly seen in chicken dysentery. White watery feces: feces are watery and mixed with white urate particles.
Mostly seen in chickens with no appetite, paralyzed and suffering from uremia. This is formed due to the absence of food in the digestive tract and feces are urates.