April to September every year is a hot and rainy season in Guangdong Province. Leafy vegetables grown in the open ground are susceptible to damage by pests and diseases and torrential rains, and yields often fall, leading to a sharp rise in vegetable market prices. With the support of the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, our center built an 8-acre simple vegetable greenhouse in March 2011, and introduced floating seedling transplantation technology in the greenhouse of Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and successfully explored the production of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency and high-efficiency vegetables in the high-temperature and high-humidity seasons. from April to September, the greenhouse vegetables were harvested in 20 days for 1 batch, ****7 batches, with an average yield of 900 kilograms per acre, and the output value of 18,900 yuan per acre, net profit per acre. 18900 yuan, net profit of 12600 yuan per mu. The project has good economic benefits. Up to now, has been in the town to promote 55 acres of greenhouse vegetable greenhouses, the use of water-floating seedling technology, so that farmers in our town rely on science and technology to plant vegetables to increase production and income. Now introduces the anti-season greenhouse vegetable heart planting technology as follows:

1 land selection

Should be located in the north and south, flat terrain, convenient drainage, deep tillage, rich in organic matter, good water and fertilizer retention capacity, soil pH 6 ~ 6.7. greenhouse main steel frame using assembled galvanized steel tubes, each span of 6m, the arch spacing of 1.3m, the top of the height of 4 m. The four rooms are a whole (about 667m2), shade net height 2.5m, covered with 0.08mm PEP film, 25 # insect net, refractive fogging nozzle. The greenhouse is designed to withstand a class 8 typhoon and has a typical service life of 8 years. Greenhouse annual depreciation cost per acre is about 4,000 yuan.

3 Variety Selection

Many years of experience in high temperature and wet season planting, you should choose 501, oil and green 45 days of cabbage hearts, is a good purity, high rate of emergence, color and lustre of the main plant varieties of dark green; at the same time, it is adaptable, resistant to humidity and disease resistance. It takes about 35 ~ 40 days from sowing to harvesting, and is a medium-early maturing variety.

4. Floating seedlings on water

A simple aquatic nursery pond is built in the greenhouse. The size of the nursery pool depends on the planting area. Generally in 10m2 nursery pool can cultivate 2.2 ~ 25,000 seedlings for planting 667m2 of vegetable land. Seedling method: ① In each porous polyethylene foam seedling tray (size 10cm × 20cm) on a layer of 6cm deep special vegetable seedling substrate, and then gently press the substrate of the seedling tray to a depth of 0.5cm with a pressure plate, with a simple vegetable seeding machine will be sown into the substrate of each seed, and covered with a layer of seed to a depth of 0.5cm of the substrate ② The use of nutrient solution: seedling tank water level of 15 cm (disposable), 0.5 ~ 0.6 kg of vegetable nutrient fertilizer according to 1m3 into the Guangdong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and then gently put the seedling tray into the nutrient solution pool. After about 13 days of nursery, seedlings about 8 ~ 10 cm, the greenhouse can be planted 2 ~ 3 true leaves. When the temperature of the greenhouse exceeds 35℃ during seedling nursery, pay attention to ventilation and cooling. Due to floating nursery, there are no pests and diseases, no weeds during the growth process, high germination rate, and at the same time not affected by the weather, you can transplant the strong seedlings out of the greenhouse.

5. Preparation of vegetable seedlings before transplanting

5.1 Greenhouse disinfection

Per acre of greenhouse into the organic fertilizer 1000 kg, 15 kg of quicklime, borax 5 kg, and then use the microtiller organic fertilizer, quicklime, borax and soil fully crushed with the high temperature of the sun to disinfect the greenhouse. Sealed for about 7 days, basically killing pests and bacteria.

5.2 Land preparation and planting

Vegetable seedlings transplanted 2 ~ 3 days before the start of land preparation. The side width includes 1.5m drainage ditch and the side length depends on the terrain. The sides become thinner and flatter, and the surface of the sides is somewhat turtle-shaped, so pay attention to digging deep ditches for drainage.

6. Vegetable seedling transplanting

First, the soil along the border is sprayed wet, and then the seedling tray is moved into the greenhouse, placed on the border, and the seeds with soil are moved in rows spaced at 13cm x 13cm. The average 667m2 serves about 23,000 seedlings, and the soil is sprayed 4 ~ 5 times a day after planting to keep the soil moist.

7. Greenhouse management

7.1 Fertilization

Cabbage hearts should produce more than 1,000 kilograms per acre during the production process. In addition to applying enough base fertilizer, it needs to be applied early, frequently and repeatedly. Vegetable seedlings transplanted on the third day after the start of the first fertilizer, 15 ~ 20 kg of 45% Norwegian compound fertilizer and 20% rotted manure mixed drench. The concentration of the fertilizer is increased accordingly each time, and the fertilizer is applied every 4 ~ 5 days. Apply 3 times to harvest.

7.2 Drenching water cooling

Cabbage hearts have strict requirements for water, and the correct mastery of the spraying time and method is the most critical link for cabbage hearts to get high yield. Generally sunny day morning and evening each spray water. In hot weather, the temperature in the shed exceeds 35 ℃, every 1h spraying, spraying time 2 ~ 3min or so, at the same time open the shed shade net. 4 ~ 5 days before harvest, pay attention to control the humidity in the shed, so as to avoid excessive humidity caused by cabbage heart disease.

8. Pest control

8.1 Diseases

8.1.1 Soft rot. A bacterial disease, mostly invasive from wounds. At first, it is transparent and stained with water.2 ~ 3 days later it becomes gray or brown, the epidermis is slightly sunken, with white bacterial mucus on it.After rotting, it emits a special odor, which is easy to cause injury when harvesting vegetable moss. Prevention and control methods:Avoid insect pests, do not drench too wet. Control with 4000 times agricultural streptomycin.

8.1.2 leaf spot disease. Vegetable heart growth late easy to occur, the lesion is round, gray-brown or gray-white. The soil is too wet, the plant grows too densely and is prone to high humidity, so dense planting is reasonable. Control with 72% Kolu 600 times liquid.

8.1.3 Anthracnose. Spray 10% miconazole suspension 800 times.

8.2 Pests

8.2.1 Yellow song flea beetle. Larvae live in the soil and damage roots, adults damage stems and leaves, early cabbage hearts are killed, harmful to seedlings. Prevention and control methods:Clean the countryside, remove old leaves and dead stems, spray quicklime to kill the larvae when tilling the bed. The drug can be sprayed in the morning and evening 1000-2000 times the kill solution and 800-1500 times the fisetin cyanide solution.

8.2.2 Vegetable powder butterfly. Use 1000 ~ 1500 times solution of colorful treasure, 1500 times solution of BT, 1500 times solution of high efficiency cypermethrin, hang black light traps in the shed to kill adult beetles, and stop using medicine 15 days before harvesting.

9. Harvesting and marketing

The transplanted choy sum grew in the greenhouse for about 18 days, and began to be harvested and put on the market. To vegetable moss "seven mouth flower" harvesting as a standard, harvesting too early low yield, harvesting too late poor quality. Harvesting should be done in the morning when there is no dew, and then cover with a wet felt to keep it moist. The harvest period is usually about 5 days.