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Help me find some information about lanterns, thank you! !
Lantern, also known as "colored lantern" and "lantern", is a cultural product of Chinese traditional agricultural era, which has both life function and artistic characteristics. Lantern is an important entertainment culture of the Han nationality for thousands of years. It rewards gods and entertains people. It not only has the function of "Nuo Opera" but also has the value of entertaining people. It is a treasure of Han folk culture. Lantern Festival originated from the fact that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an altar in the palace on the 15th day of the first lunar month to worship the most distinguished God Taiyi at that time. It was held all night and had to be lit all night, which was the beginning of the Lantern Festival. After Buddhism was introduced into China from India, due to the combination of Taoist immortal skills and the piety of burning lanterns and honoring Buddha, every night on the fifteenth day of the first month, urban and rural areas were brightly lit, and all the gentry and ordinary people hung lights, forming a unique custom of combining Chinese and Western. Lantern Festival is a traditional lantern festival in China. At this time, all kinds of lanterns hang high in the streets with colorful colors. Shengfang lanterns are mostly made with the theme of birds, fish, insects and flowers on pavilions. A colorful lantern stamp made of dye paper embellish with colorful thin strips.

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Lantern originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and spread throughout the people in the Song Dynasty. The production of lanterns in past dynasties in China was very particular and varied. For example, Tang Yin, a painter of the Ming Dynasty, said in a poem: "If there is a light without a moon, it is not spring. Spring comes to people's hearts, and the lights burn like silver next month. The streets are full of pearls and green women, and they are singing and playing games with the gods. How can we get rid of this good time until Fang Zun smiles?"

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Legend of sui dynasty

During the reign of Emperor Yangdi in the Sui Dynasty, the lantern festival was full of fun, and the lanterns were lit up all night, which gradually developed into an important activity of the Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival lanterns

In the Tang Dynasty, because of the social prosperity and rich economy, lanterns were even more brilliant, and the scale of activities was quite large. The crowds watching lanterns were crowded, from princes and nobles to peddlers and pawns, all of them went out to enjoy lanterns. During Xuanzong's reign, the Western Han Dynasty relaxed the ban system. Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, even lifted the curfew for three nights before and after the Lantern Festival, and expanded the implementation of "putting on the night" to facilitate people to enjoy the lanterns. After the Tang Dynasty, lanterns became an important symbol of the Lantern Festival. Although the national situation was weak in the Song Dynasty, this culture was greatly promoted by the royal family, making the Song Dynasty another important historical stage in the development of lanterns. The upsurge of enjoying lanterns in Ming and Qing dynasties has not diminished, and there is even a lantern market in the square, selling all kinds of lanterns with various styles and competing for shows. China people's custom of welcoming lanterns for the Lantern Festival has a history of more than 2,000 years. There are many kinds of lanterns in all parts of the country, with different styles and popularity. Taiwan Province Lantern, commonly known as "Drum Lantern", is named after it is shaped like gongs and drums in its early production. The popular types are lantern, dice lantern, round lantern and knife-closing lantern. Because the Minnan dialect "Deng" and "Ding" have the same sound, it is generally regarded as a good omen for a prosperous population to carry lanterns and make noisy lanterns. In Taiwan Province custom, women shuttle under the lights during the Lantern Festival, praying for a son (male) and a child in the coming year; In Taozhumiao Hakka Village in northern Taiwan Province, men hang lanterns from the eleventh day of the first lunar month to their temples, which is called "lighting lanterns". The homonym "Starting Ding" is one of the rituals for new male students to join the clan, which has far-reaching implications.

Myths and legends

Legend has it that a long time ago, a god bird got lost and landed on earth, but was accidentally shot dead by an unsuspecting hunter. The Emperor of Heaven was very angry when he learned about it, so he ordered the heavenly soldiers to set fire to the world on the fifteenth day of the first month and burn all mankind to death. The daughter of the Emperor of Heaven was kind-hearted, and could not bear to see the innocent suffering of the people, so she risked her life and told the people the news. When people heard the news, it was like a thunderclap on their heads, and they were so scared that they didn't know what to do. It was a long time before an old man came up with an idea. He said, "On the 14th, 15th and 16th of the month, every family hangs red lanterns, lights firecrackers and sets off fireworks at home. In this way, the emperor of heaven will think that people have been burned to death. " Everyone nodded and said yes, so they were ready to go separately. On the night of the fifteenth day of the first month, the mountain soldiers looked down and found that there was a red light in the world, thinking it was the flame of a big fire, and told the Emperor of Heaven not to set fire to the earth. People thus saved their lives and property. In order to commemorate this success, every household hangs lanterns and sets off fireworks to commemorate this day on the fifteenth day of the first month.

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Lantern is usually divided into chandelier, seat lamp, wall lamp and lantern. It is a comprehensive handicraft made of bamboo, silk, Ming ball, Yu Pei, silk ear, feather, shell and other materials, which is colored, pasted, braided, embroidered and carved, and decorated with paper-cutting, painting, calligraphy and poetry. It is also a traditional folk handicraft in China. festive lantern (as displayed on the Lantern Festival)

Local opera lanterns. In the middle of Qing Qianlong, due to the commercial development in Kunming, provincial guilds and trade guilds were established one after another, and popular opera tunes and troupes followed. In order to adapt to the local language customs and undergo the processing and transformation of contemporary art, the Ming and Qing ditties and folk songs were gradually combined to form the Kunming Lantern. The early performance was a combination of meeting fire (social fire). The fire will be organized by the Lantern Festival (Lantern Festival), which will be held during the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and other festivals. Before the performance, a ceremony of "welcoming the lantern gods" will be held, and the steward will send lanterns everywhere. The performance team is led by headlamps with the words "Taiping Lantern" and various colored lanterns with the words "Good weather" and "National Peace and People's Security", followed by the Mountain Crossing and the Wenwu Band, the Lion Lantern Dragon Team, the Wushu Acrobatic Team, the stilts, the dry boat, the running donkey, the yangko, the seedling drum, the overlord whip and the colorful characters in the play or the snipe clam. This kind of "greeting lamp" is performed while walking, which is called "crossing the street lamp". Later, it developed into a performance in the village street square, which was called "dustpan lamp". The programs include local lantern dramas such as Dazao Gan, Jinniusi and Inverted Paddle, as well as transplanted dramas such as Urban and Rural in-laws, Watching the Lights by the Blind, Fishing and Zhu Maichen Divorcing His Wife. After sorting out, more than 200 traditional tunes/kloc-0 have been excavated, which generally include three forms: dance, opera and short story drama with simple plots. With the progress of the times, the repertoire is constantly innovating. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, he formed the Peasant Salvation Lamp Troupe, and performed new dramas such as Zhang Xiaoer Joining the Army and Shinshiro Visiting Mother. Nowadays, new plays are interspersed with traditional plays, which has become a popular local traditional opera.

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China Lantern is a comprehensive art made of various techniques, crafts, decorative techniques and materials. There are many kinds of lanterns, including dragon lanterns, palace lanterns, gauze lanterns, flower blue lanterns, dragon and phoenix lanterns, corner lanterns, tree lanterns, fireworks lanterns and mushroom lanterns, and their shapes are round, square, cylindrical and polygonal. Dragon Lantern, also known as "Dragon Dance", is one of the folk lighting and dance forms in China, which is popular in many places in China. There is a dragon head in front of the dragon lantern, and the number of joints in the middle of the body varies, but it is generally singular, and there is a stick under each joint for support. Those who burn candles in each section are called "Dragon Lantern", and those who don't burn candles are called "Bulong". During the dance, one person plays the dragon with colored beads, and the faucet rotates with the beads. Many other people each hold a section to accompany them, tilt up and down, turn left and right, and cooperate with gongs and drums, which is very spectacular. festive lantern (as displayed on the Lantern Festival)

Palace lantern is a world-famous special handmade lantern art in China. Palace lanterns are mostly made and used by palaces and government officials, so they have this name. The earliest palace lantern in existence is the Ming Dynasty palace lantern collected by the Palace Museum. The production of palace lanterns is very complicated, mainly using carved wood, bamboo and bronze as the skeleton, and then inlaid with gauze, glass or horn pieces, on which various auspicious and festive themes such as landscapes, flowers and birds, fish and insects, and figures are painted. Top-grade palace lanterns are also inlaid with jade or white jade. The shapes of palace lanterns are very rich, including square, hexagonal, octagonal, round beads, flower baskets, Fangsheng, Pisces, gourds, dish lengths, mugwort leaves, glasses, collars and many other varieties, especially the hexagonal palace lanterns. 19 15, Beijing Palace Lantern was first exhibited in Panama World Expo, and won the gold medal, which was well received internationally. Since then, palace lanterns have gradually developed in the practical direction, and various chandeliers, wall lamps, table lamps and poke lamps have appeared. China's palace lanterns are most famous in Beijing. Lantern is a unique kind of ornamental lamp in lantern art, and its reputation spreads all over the world, with Guangdong Lantern as the best. The lantern is usually placed with a wheel in the lamp, on which images of various figures, flowers and birds cut with colored paper are pasted. Under the wheel, candles are lit, and hot air rises, causing air convection, making the wheel rotate, and the paper image also rotates. The picture is continuous, dynamic and attractive. The gauze lamp is made of hemp yarn or hemp fabric as the lamp surface, which is mostly round or oval. Red gauze lanterns, also known as red lanterns, are bright red all over. The upper and lower parts of the lanterns are decorated with golden moiré patterns, and the bottom is decorated with golden fringe and tassel. They are beautiful and generous, festive and auspicious, and are often hung during festivals. Shadow gauze lanterns are made of various kinds of linen gauze, painted with flowers, birds, insects, fish, pavilions, etc., and decorated with golden moiré and tassels of various colors, which are even more colorful and colorful, adding luster to the festive day.

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Modern lantern art has gradually separated from the traditional lantern practice, and created works of art with unique local flavor. It is very difficult to create, the technology involved is more complicated, and the materials used are broader and more lively. festive lantern (as displayed on the Lantern Festival)

The creation of modern lanterns must be integrated into special disciplines such as structure, mechanics, electricity, aesthetics, materials science and creativity, which is the most difficult of all artistic creations at present. However, because the annual Lantern Festival can attract millions of tourists to watch it, it has become the most attractive project among the various sightseeing activities in Taiwan Province at present, and it is also one of the most representative projects of Taiwan Province art.

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There are many records in the local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties on the grand occasion of folk song and dance performances such as tea lanterns and floor flower drums. There are two kinds of performance forms: one is "Ugly and Dan Opera Singing" with characters' stories, which are called Dihuagu, Zhuma Lantern, Pairing and Pairing Lantern; The second is the collective song and dance of "step with arms", which is customarily called "swinging lights" and "jumping lights". These folk song and dance forms, such as flower drum and lantern, have evolved over a long period of time, and some of them have absorbed the procedural rules of traditional Chinese opera and gradually developed into flower drum drama; Others keep the singing and dancing characteristics of lanterns more, and act out traditional Chinese opera stories, which are called "Lantern Opera" and "Lantern Opera". Due to the differences of natural geographical environment and the imbalance of historical, political, economic and cultural development, as well as the differences of dialects, music materials and styles in the spread areas and the influence of neighboring sister arts, various lantern operas have their own characteristics in repertoire theme, vocal structure and performance characteristics, and the historical process of development is not the same. After the lantern was formed in the form of singing and dancing, artists, after years of practice, artistically processed various movements in life and folk martial arts, and created and developed different styles of literary and martial lantern. The flower lantern is beautiful and free and easy, and the martial lantern is strong and strong. Lantern dance is an important part of Yunnan Lantern Festival. Traditional Lantern Dance includes dancing without singing, such as Lion Dance and Monkey Playing Cotton, and collective singing and dancing, such as Lian Xiang and La Hua. Originally, there were only men and women in the business of Lantern Festival, and then it was divided into three businesses: life, Dan and ugliness. When Lantern Festival performed numerous plays with medium and large roles, other businesses were added. At present, there is no accurate data to confirm the origin of folk lantern dance and the age when it developed into lantern drama. According to the existing literature, Lan Zhi 'an, a native of Yanglin, Yunnan Province, wrote the legend of "The Tale of the Mystery of Sex and the Moon" in the middle of Ming Dynasty, that is, around AD 1454. In the early Qing Dynasty (1657), He Wei, a native of Yunnan, wrote five legendary plays. This is the earliest known drama creation activity in Yunnan. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (170 1 year), professional troupes began to appear in Yunnan, and four troupes once established Lewang Temple in Kunming. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1746), Shaanxi, Shipai, Chu and Yiyang were introduced into Yunnan. According to Zhang Wanyu, an artist of Yuanmou Lantern Festival, Yuanmou Lantern Festival has been passed down for thirteen generations. In addition, among the tunes of lanterns, quite a few are Ming and Qing ditties, such as hanging branches and playing dates, which are popular folk ditties from Wanli to early Qing Dynasty. According to this calculation, as a kind of drama, Lantern had its embryonic form as early as the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

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The production of lanterns has a long history. With the changes of the times, there have been great changes in materials and shapes. Paper, bamboo, satin and wood are very common traditional materials, while plastics, cellophane and acrylic are modern materials. In fact, as long as it can transmit light, there is no limit to the materials for making lanterns. Even fruits, discarded cartons and aluminum cans can be used as materials, so there is unlimited imagination for the changes of lanterns. In addition to being like a small firefly in the dark, the different shapes also tell the lantern bearer's wishes in the New Year. Cute Tinker Bell and warm Winnie the Pooh are the new shapes of modern culture, while the traditional Chinese zodiac signs are replaced with the New Year Festival, and many modern favorite new shapes appear constantly, which can be ranked as the champion of lantern shapes and be loved by people. Making dragons is the most difficult and complicated among animals, because people say, "It is difficult to draw a tiger and a skin, but a drum." Because if you are a character, it will look strange as long as it is asymmetrical. Some lantern students really want to do this theme, especially when making Guanyin idols. Master Lantern usually advises him not to do it, or make cartoons a little simpler, which will be ugly if it is realistic and incorrect. In ancient times, lanterns were made of bamboo. If you use wire to make lanterns, you will find that this structure is like building a house again, and you can make it out of wire for whatever you want, just like suddenly finding a way and doing whatever you want. There is this feeling, and the other is that you can give you any shape by adjusting the wire, and the thinking direction is not just one direction. Maybe this direction requires it to bulge a little. It's a little concave. A wire can have many changes, which is equivalent to speaking in the direction. It can rotate and bend in 360-degree wireless space, not just in all directions. It should be quite difficult to train our thinking ability.

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Different photos of lanterns (19 photos) When the Lantern Festival arrives, lanterns are popular. If you have leisure time, it is also a good idea to make lanterns yourself. You can't make the "big guys" sold on the street, and you can't find any materials such as steel wire and steel plate. Then make a simple paper lantern with bamboo strips, rice paper and pen and ink. The materials and processes of hand-made paper lanterns are very simple, which can not only design your favorite patterns, but also add a lot of fun to the festival. The first step is to make the skeleton. The simple shape of paper lanterns is a cube or cylinder. It is best to use flexible bamboo branches or bamboo skins to form a frame, and the joints are tied tightly with thin lines. If it is not easy to find, slender cardboard and bamboo sticks for barbecue can also be used. The firmness and flexibility will be lacking, but it is also a good decoration indoors. Material selection 1, put the bamboo in a steam room (or heat it for half an hour), then take it out and dry it in the shade, but it should not be excessively dried or exposed to strong light. 2. Skinning cut: Skinning the rough epidermis and cutting the length of bamboo strips depends on the size of the lantern. The framework is woven in a crossed way to complete the lamp holder, and several bamboo rings are tied on the lamp wall in the middle of the lamp holder. To make the lamp body, buy some white and red ordinary rice paper or golden rice paper in Four Treasures of the Study store, cut it into the length and width of the lantern skeleton, and you can design your own patterns. Calligraphy, painting and paper-cutting can all be displayed on small lanterns. After pasting, you can also use narrow strips of imitation silk paper to edge up and down, which looks more elegant, much like ancient palace lanterns. If you are not good at painting and calligraphy, there is a simple method for reference. Use a thin paper to trace the desired words on the copybook, then overlap this thin paper with crimson rice paper and dig out the words with a single-edged blade. Take off the tissue paper, and hollow handwriting will appear on the red rice paper. White rice paper is used as the lamp body, red rice paper is pasted in it, and candlelight or light is mapped out from the hollowed-out place, and the effect is quite beautiful. If you make a light source indoors, you only need to light an ordinary candle in the lantern; If you want to carry it out, you'd better make a simple circuit with light bulbs and batteries. Maybe it looks a little rough, but it's unique to light your own lantern during the Lantern Festival. Paste the diluted paste, evenly brush it on the surface of the skeleton, then paste cotton gauze, attach the cut gauze to the lamp holder lightly, brush it with a brush, and finally paste the second layer of single glossy paper for lanterns (if there is no single glossy paper, fine cotton paper can also be used). Note that the brush used to smooth the paste must be clean, and the pasted paper must be pasted without seams to be truly pasted. Dry the lanterns in a cool and ventilated place to dry. Painting 1, painting or cutting and pasting: painting or cutting and pasting with personal patterns, such as figures, eight immortals, flowers and birds, ladies, etc. 2. Writing words: After painting, decide whether to write words according to the situation. When the words and patterns are completely dry, the lantern will be finished.

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Old lamp period

Before the Revolution of 1911, lanterns popular all over Yunnan were collectively called "old lanterns". There are two categories: lantern dance and lantern play. The former sings and dances when performing, and there is no story, such as "Pull Flowers" and "Tuanchang" in various places; The latter has a simple storyline, but it is still dominated by songs and dances, such as Fishing, In-laws in the Country, and Bao Er's Sister.

New light period

The new lantern is the reformed Yuxi lantern. After the Revolution of 1911, great changes have taken place in Yunnan. Yuxi is located in the middle of Yunnan, near Kunming, with convenient transportation and developed agriculture, handicrafts and commerce. The wind of freedom brought by the Revolution of 1911 made the well-informed Yuxi people no longer satisfied with the original Yuxi lanterns, and the wind of change quietly rose. Lantern artists began to transplant and adapt a number of plays from Yunnan Opera and Quyi good books, such as Python, Golden Bell and White Fan. Musically, we introduced tunes such as [Ten Cups of Wine], [Yumeiren] and [Zhaotong Tune], and adapted traditional tunes such as [Going Out Board] and [Wulitang] into a board cavity style. In addition, I also studied the performing arts and makeup of Yunnan Opera. This series of changes made Yuxi Flower Drum change its previous performance form, which was mainly song and dance, and appeared on the stage with a brand-new look. The appearance of new lanterns was welcomed by the audience, especially the audience in the city, and soon affected the whole province.

Red Army lamp, national salvation lamp, student lamp

1936, when the Red Second Army passed through Yao 'an, Yunnan on the way to the Long March, local artists made up plays such as "Foreigners make trouble with China" and "Catch the Soldiers" to welcome the Red Army, and called them "Red Army Lights". After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yunnan dramatist Wang Dandong and lantern artist Xiong Jiechen formed the "Yunnan Peasant Salvation Lantern Drama Club" to perform in Kunming, Yuxi, Puning, Tonghai and Qujiang, Guangdong. Based on the tune of Yuxi Lantern Festival, they choreographed and performed Lantern Festival plays such as Twelve Flowers in the Anti-Japanese War and Twelve Generals in the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Xiaoer Joining the Army, Shooting Luo Xiaoyun, Traitor Violence, New Army Leaving Kiln and Chashan Killing the Enemy. All these plays have literary scripts, which changed the "outline play" situation of the original lantern plays. They also introduced March of the Volunteers's tone into Lantern Music and created a new Lantern Tone-Revenge Tone. During the War of Liberation, during the student movement in Kunming and in the column of the People's Liberation Army in the border area of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou, new plays such as "A Family in the Countryside" and "A Bloody Sea" were edited and performed, which were called "Student Lights". Fourth, the "light clip play" period. 1938, Yunnan Farmers Salvation Lantern Troupe was forced to disband, and Lantern artist Xiong Jiechen taught and sang lanterns in Kunming and Yuxi. 1946 Xiong Jiechen sang lanterns for three days in Kunming Qingyun Tea Room, which was very popular. The tea room was later changed into a lantern garden, becoming the first lantern theater in Yunnan, and a fixed professional class club was formed from then on. In order to meet the needs of professional performances, lantern artists began to transplant a large number of Yunnan opera plays, such as Four Seasons in Henan, Drops of Water, Zhu Shazhi, Civet Cat for Prince, The Story of Red Lantern, The Story of Shadeng, etc., and at the same time, they further studied and absorbed the performance procedures, costume props, stage installations and so on of Yunnan opera. This way of singing Yunnan opera repertoire with lantern tunes is called "lantern clip play"

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Western Fujian, the ancestral home of Hakkas, has unique local conditions and customs. The priceless Zhixi Lantern is one of the wonderful flowers. Zhixi Lantern has a history of nearly 300 years. As early as the 45th year of Kangxi (AD 1706), Yang Yanshan, a native of Zhixi, was appointed as an official in Suzhou, and his wife Wu Ergu was a native of Suzhou. She loved Suzhou lanterns and gongs and drums, so they were introduced to Zhixi from Suzhou. Most lanterns are composed of 99 small lanterns, some of which are 106. Each lamp is filled with a glass cup, which is pure peanut oil or tea oil. It is smokeless and bright, glittering and translucent. There is a red line tied to an arched bamboo pole on the top of the treasure cover for the lamp holder to hold. Each lantern is nearly 15 kg after refueling. Because it is a "fire wrapped in paper", the person holding the lamp is always careful when holding it. They have all undergone strict training, at least they have to "keep their feet steady" and "keep the lights on". When the lantern is on, the drum band is in front, followed by the dazzling lantern. The lamp is held high by one person, surrounded by many people guarding it like the stars arch the moon. Looking at the lanterns from a distance, they are like a cluster of gathered night pearls, bright, shiny and colorful. A close look at the lanterns shows that each one is made up of hundreds of small lanterns. Lantern is divided into upper and lower parts. The part is called Bao Gai, and the axis has two layers of lanterns, which rotate left and right in opposite directions; Surrounded by all kinds of lights, it is divided into three layers: the upper layer is peony bud lights, 5 lights; The middle layer is a phoenix lamp, 6 lamps; The lower floor is the whole fish lamp, 6 lamps. These lanterns are exquisite and beautiful in shape, and the whole feather is often decorated with a series of colorful beads, which is really beautiful. The lower part is the lantern main body, and the axis is the treasure umbrella flower pot lamp, surrounded by 12 strings, which are divided into two layers: the inner layer is the hexagonal palace lamp, or the peony lamp and the flowerpot lamp; The outer layer is a flower basket lamp. Every year in Zhixi, on the 11th day of the first lunar month, there are as few as a dozen lanterns, as many as dozens, and even more than 100. If you stand on a high place and look far away, the lanterns are connected end to end, and the night sky is bright and magnificent. [ 1]

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Origin of Xiushan Lantern

Xiushan Lantern Festival is an important school of Lantern Festival art in the southwest of China. It is a folk cultural phenomenon and folk performance art integrating religion, folklore, song and dance, acrobatics and paper-binding art, and it is a valuable cultural heritage of national folk music in China. Xiushan Lantern is the most representative of the lantern art in Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County and Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County in Chongqing. It is also known as jumping lantern, playing lantern and lantern play. It is an ancient folk song and dance rap art, which is widely spread in Tujia inhabited areas in Wuling Mountain area. Xiushan Lantern Show starts from the second day of the first month and ends on the fifteenth day of the first month. After sixteen, it is called "Thick Face Lantern". The traditional performance of Xiushan Lantern is not limited to venues, such as dams, halls and streets, as long as there is a flat land of more than 10 square meters. Due to the needs of performance forms, styles and contents of lantern classes around the country, there are also special venues. For example, performing "high-platform lanterns" requires two or three traditional and old-fashioned wooden square tables, and the two performers perform a lantern-to-lantern duet performance on the desktop with overlapping heights of several tables. A lantern show requires "building a platform" and simple scenery, usually performed on the earthen platform of the dam or on the diaojiao building. After hundreds of years of development, Xiushan Lantern has gradually formed a folk art with a unique style.

Historical origin

Chongqing Southeast Chongqing Lantern originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, continued in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. It is a comprehensive performing art that integrates song, dance, drama and folk percussion, and mainly focuses on song and dance performances. Xiushan County, southeast of Chongqing, is known as the "hometown of lantern dance". Its lantern dance originated from the "lantern play" of the Han nationality, and later incorporated the dance performance skills of Tujia and Miao nationalities, and developed into an artistic form with novel style, moving songs and dances and being loved by the people of Han, Tu and Miao nationalities. Lantern is a simple, humorous, lyrical and beautiful comprehensive art, which integrates song, dance and rhyme, accompanied by percussion and string music. According to historical records, it originated from the "Dance Tuan Tuan" in the Yuan Dynasty (that is, men and women were singing and dancing on a square table, talking and singing), and in the Ming Dynasty, it was incorporated into some song and dance performances of tea-picking operas, and it was known as the "Lantern". Later, it developed into a flower platform, a lantern unilateral play and a modern lantern play.

Performance program

The performance has a complete set of procedures, mainly including: setting up a lantern hall, turning on the lights (please turn on the lights), jumping the lights and quitting the lights. Among lanterns, setting up a lantern hall is a performance activity with a strong traditional ceremony. Lantern classes should set up a lantern hall to worship the deities of "Miss Jinhua" and "Yinhua Ernian" before the lanterns are put out, and the master of lanterns will light incense sticks and burn paper money to worship the lantern god, praying and blessing the lantern-jumpers for all things to be smooth, safe and auspicious. After the worship ceremony, they sang and danced in the lantern hall. First, the lighting master will lead the singing of "An Wei", "Singing Wei" and "Opening the Light", and then, they will all sing "Lighting Tune" and sing the tune to be performed. After the lantern invitation ceremony, the lantern class can go out and dance lanterns. Jumping lanterns is the main performance activity of lanterns. Lantern classes are all jumping in the halls and dams of people who pick up lanterns. Sing "Watching Lights Tune" and "Congratulatory Tune" first, and sing "Xie Zhudao Tune" when leaving. On the fifteenth night of the first month of each year, the Lantern Festival class will hold a Lantern Festival ceremony at the riverside dam to worship the gods and sing "Sending Lantern Tune", and the master who plays the lantern will lead all the Lantern Tunes (called Receiving Tune) sung during the Spring Festival. Then burn lanterns and shrines, and throw the clothes of the lantern jumpers from the fire, praying for the safety of the lantern jumpers for one year.

Form of performance

After long-term development and evolution, the performance forms of Xiushan and Youyang lanterns are: lantern duet (single lantern performed by two people), double lantern (double lantern performed by four people), lantern group dance (group lantern performed by many people), lantern play (drama) and so on. In the performance, the lyrics sung by the actors are called lanterns. Lantern ci has a strong local flavor, which states the content, expresses the plot, expresses the emotion and attracts the audience. Among them, some Hua Deng Ci absorbed some folk tunes of Han nationality, including tea-picking opera, Huagu opera and other original lyrics of landlord operas. In addition to the lantern show, there are only two roles in the performance, one is once ugly, the other is called Sister Yao, and the clown is called Lai Huazi or other names. When jumping, Sister Yao wore a long hair comb, wore a big-breasted skirt, held a silk-edged folding fan in her right hand, held a colorful towel in her left hand, straightened her waist, walked in tinkling steps, sang and danced, and performed innocent, lively, humorous and provocative roles. Lai Huazi tied her headscarf into a "half moon", wore a double-breasted dress and a red ribbon around her waist, held a big cattail fan in her hand, stepped on a short pile step, and turned around her sister with the action of "swinging willows in the wind", performing funny and humorous roles. The lyrics were flexible and could be long or short. They could be sung on a long road, and the actors and the audience could communicate with each other and blend into one.