Eggplant is one of the vegetables we often eat, so what is the method of planting eggplant in the open air? The following is my carefully organized for you eggplant open-air planting technology, take a look.

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Eggplant open-air planting techniques

1, varieties: choose low-temperature resistance, low light, early maturity varieties. Such as: black jade, Shen eggplant No. 1, Qi mixed eggplant No. 2, green round eggplant, black round eggplant No. 2, Yongfeng black mixed eggplant.

2, the preparation of the bed soil: 6 parts of non-polluting field soil, rotting high-quality chicken manure or pig manure 2 parts, rotting horse manure or rice bran 2 parts, mixed and sifted spare.

3, seed soaking, germination: 1% potassium permanganate seed soaking 30 minutes, after repeated rinsing, into the 55 ℃ water soaking seeds for 15 minutes, and then soaked in 20 ℃ water for 24 hours. Before germination, use fine sand to rub off the mucus on the seed coat, and then wrapped in a wet cloth, placed at 25-30 ℃ to germinate, usually takes 5-6 days to sprout.

4, sowing: in the greenhouse with a seedling tray or wooden box paved 10 cm bed soil, patted flat and watered. Then the seeds are evenly sown on the bed. The amount of seed sown per square meter is 35-40 grams.

5, seeding: transplant seedlings at 8-10 cm spacing, water thoroughly after seeding. In the first stage, increase the daytime temperature to 25-30 ℃, night temperature 15-18 ℃. After slowing down the seedlings to reduce the temperature, 25 ℃ during the day, 15 ℃ at night, the lowest can not be lower than 10 ℃. Eggplant seedling age more than 80 days, due to the long seedling age, late easy to de-fertilize, can use 0.3% diammonium phosphate extra-radical fertilizer.

6, planting

(1) preparation before planting

smothering disinfection: per cubic meter of greenhouse or greenhouse, 4 grams of sulfur powder, plus 80% dichlorvos 0.1 grams and 8 grams of saw foam, mixed well and then ignited, sealed the greenhouse or greenhouse for 24 hours, and then opened to enlarge the wind.

Fertilization: mu of high-quality farmyard fertilizer 5000 kg, manure soil mixing raking, and according to the 55 cm row spacing open 10-15 cm deep planting ditch. Mu applied 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, 5 cm of mulch after fertilization (to avoid the drip line).

(2) planting: 25-30 cm spacing seedlings (pay attention to avoid seedling pile broken caused by slow slow seedling), followed by watering in the ditch planting water, seepage after cultivating soil into a ridge. The next day mulching, with 1.0-1.2 m wide film, a buckle two ridges, pulled into the same length as the ridge, and then with a razor blade in the position of each plant into a longitudinal mouth, the seedling from the mouth of the lead, and finally pull the film tightly, tightly pressed with the soil, sealing the mouth of the planting.

(3) Post-planting management

Water and fertilizer: 3-4 days after planting to pour a seedling water, start squatting after seedling slowing down, to the door of the eggplant eyes (13 days or so) to start the dark ditch flooding, the ground temperature reaches 18 ℃, open and dark ditch can be flooded, but pay attention to the wind and moisture. Door eggplant eyes, mu of urea 10-15 kg or 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, every 20 days. Also available Dahmin "Green Xing" or "Cloud 120" extra-radical fertilizer.

Branching and leafing: the use of double stem branching. After the formation of the door eggplant, cut off two outward lateral branches, leaving only two upward double stem. Generally to the seventh fruit centering, in order to promote early maturity of the fruit. Door eggplant staring to hit the base of the three leaves, and later with the growth of the plant, gradually hit the bottom of the leaf, conducive to group ventilation and light.

7. Harvesting: to sepals and fruit connection without white ring band when harvesting, early maturing varieties can be harvested after 20-25 days of flowering.

Seedling technology

Eggplant seedlings cattle grow slowly, especially in the temperature conditions, the seedling age is not enough, it is difficult to cultivate early maturity of the seedlings, the age of the seedlings generally need 85-90 days.

In order to prevent seedling sudden collapse disease Xia Liwu disease, in addition to pay attention to maintaining a suitable night soil temperature, can also be used ? The first thing you need to do is to get rid of it. (i.e., quintozene and zinc diclofenac mixed in equal quantities) for soil disinfection, per square meter seedbed with disinfectant soil 8-9 g. Mixed with the bed soil, the amount of irrigation should be increased appropriately after the use of medication, to prevent damage, the bed soil should be fertile, not easy to be too dry.

1. Sowing eggplant seedling is basically the same, the way of seedling are used greenhouse, hotbed or sun bed seedling. But the eggplant germination is more difficult, the temperature requirements are higher, before sowing with 55-60 ℃ of warm water scalding, while pouring and stirring, the temperature drops to about 20 ℃ when to stop stirring, soak for a day and night to fish out, rubbing off the mucus on the seeds, and then rinsed with water and placed in 25-30 ℃ germination, germination should be maintained during the period of 85% of the ambient humidity, there are 30% -500% of the seed whitish can be Sowing. When sowing, the seedbed is first sprinkled with warm water, and then the seeds are evenly sprinkled into the bed, covered with fine soil 0.8-1cm thick. Immediately after sowing buckle on the arch, night cover grass thatch insulation, before the emergence of the bed temperature during the day to maintain 26-28 ℃, night 20 ℃ or so, about 4-5 days can be 50% -60% of the seedlings, after the emergence of seedlings in a timely manner to cool down, daytime 25 ℃ or so, the night 15-17 ℃, cloudy days can be a little lower.

2. Splitting When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, you can split the seedlings. Seedlings are mainly divided into sun beds or plastic arches. The bed soil should be fertile, especially to maintain a certain amount of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, a certain amount of nutrient area should be retained in the seedling division single plant, with 10cm?10cm as appropriate. Seedlings should be covered with plastic arches immediately after planting, the night must be covered with straw thatch sealed tightly, and maintain a certain high temperature (up to 20-25 ℃). After slowing down the seedlings, start ventilation and cooling, 25 ℃ during the day, 15 ℃ at night, pay special attention to prevent the high temperature at noon on sunny days? Burning seedlings? If the seedbed fertility is insufficient, fertilization should be combined with watering. Seedbed stagnation available small-toothed rake loosening soil, 10 days before planting ventilation refining, but also to prevent frost damage, strong seedling standard to seedling height 16-23cm, leaf blade 5-7 leaves, stem thickness 0.5-0. 7cm is appropriate.

Eggplant open-air management technology

May is the high yield period of eggplant, the demand for fertilizer and water is very large. Eggplant like water, pay attention to keep the soil moisture sufficient, water shortage can be watering and furrow irrigation. Watering will be fertilizer bicarbonate of ammonia, phosphate ammonia, potassium sulfate dissolved in water, the concentration of 0.3%, 0.15% and 0.2% or so. When ditch irrigation with large water to fill a ditch, and then the above fertilizers evenly sprinkled in the ditch melting, per mu dosage can be 15-30 kg, 10 kg and 10 kg, respectively. If the vegetable plot is not short of water, you can dig a nest in the middle of every four eggplants and put fully rotted farmyard fertilizer in the nest. Note: Ventilation should be increased after the fertilizer to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer and disease.

Post-management picking old leaves

Eggplant in addition to the axillary buds should be removed, retain the plant's lowest (largest) leaves one or two, should be Other lower old leaves all removed.

Deep trenching

Raising the beds with soil from trenching prevents flooding, increases soil permeability, and lowers soil temperature.

Disease prevention

After May, eggplant pests and diseases are mainly gray/mian plague and powdery mildew. Gray blight manifests itself as light brown to brown spots on mature fruits, slightly sunken, when the disease is aggravated, the entire fruit is blackish brown, and if the humidity increases, the fruit surface produces a grayish-white frosty mildew layer, which gradually softens and rots, emitting a foul odor, and, sometimes, develops on eggplant in transit and in the store's stalls. High temperature, high humidity environment is most conducive to the growth and development of mildew germs, of course, also conducive to other germs infestation. So in the summer high temperature and rainy, you can see a lot of eggplant rot and quickly grow long and dense white hairs, is about to mature a lot of eggplant fruit, infested with Myliobacterium, quickly formed rotten eggplant.

Control methods:

The initial onset of the emergence of the center of the disease plant, should be immediately pulled out and destroyed and sprayed to prevent and control. From the beginning of the rainy season, spraying 1:200 times Bordeaux liquid every 7 days for protection is very effective. Once the disease develops, the medicine must be applied immediately. Pharmaceuticals are 75% Chlorothalonil 1:500-600 times liquid, 50% Metribuzin wettable powder 1:800 times liquid, 40% ethylphosphine aluminum wettable powder 1:200 times liquid, 64% kill alum 1:500 times liquid and so on, usually sprayed every 7-10 days, sprayed 3-4 times in a row. The above agents and Tianda-2116 melon and eggplant fruit special type mixed use, the effect is better. In order to prevent the formation of resistance, it is appropriate to use different kinds of drugs each time.

1. Eggplant seeds need to be soaked before germination, but the technique of soaking time needs to be mastered especially well. Eggplant seedling method and seedling management and tomato is basically the same, can be referred to, and note: ① eggplant germination is slower than tomato, germination time should be longer than the tomato 1 ~ 2 days; ② seedling process, the temperature is a little higher than the tomato 2 ~ 3 ℃; ③ eggplant root essentiality earlier, regeneration capacity is poor, so the seedling or transplantation, as much as possible, with the lodging, so as not to injure the root.

Eggplant seed life is relatively long, generally six years, this is because the eggplant seed coat is a very thick leathery cuticle, and attached to a lot of pectin substances, moisture and oxygen is difficult to enter. So you need to soak the seeds to soften the seed shell.

But this characteristic of the eggplant, also makes the eggplant seed germination, more sensitive to oxygen, if too much water, the seed absorbs too much water, so that the seed coat is more dense, oxygen is difficult to pass through, resulting in a lack of oxygen inside the seed, delayed germination, germination potential is also significantly reduced. So the time to soak the seeds needs to be especially well mastered.

The best way to soak the seeds is: soak the seeds for about 8 hours, it is best to scrub the seeds by hand to remove the pectin, and then control the dryness, spread out on the germination cloth to dry for 8 to 12 hours, and then soak for 4 to 6 hours, and then spread out again to dry for 8 to 12 hours, and then only for germination. This process allows water to slowly penetrate into the interior of the seed, to prevent excessive water absorption of the seed coat and affect the permeability, can fully meet the seed germination on the need for water and oxygen, especially after a drying can make the seed inside the water film disappeared, increase permeability.

2. eggplant seed germination is best suited to 28-30 ℃; the minimum temperature of the seedling period shall not be less than 15 ℃, not higher than 33 ℃, otherwise affect the flower bud differentiation; flowering period 25 ℃ during the day, 17 ℃ at night is best.

Growing eggplant we usually use the method of germination seedling transplantation, usually 6?7 true leaves can be planted. Because eggplant plants grow very tall, they should be spaced 90 centimeters apart in the rows and 50 centimeters apart in the plants, so that there is enough space for them to grow.

Before planting, select the land and prepare the ground, plough more than 30 cm deep or make a raised bed of more than 30 cm, and apply sufficient fertilizer. After slowing down after not drought watering, such as dry when you can pour a small amount of water, and timely plowing 2 to 3 times, squatting, to promote the development of the root system to the depth, for the plant to expand the absorption area and the flowering and fruiting to lay the foundation. To the door eggplant? Gazelle? period end squatting seedlings. Combined with watering 15000 kg per hectare of rotted human waste. This fertilization can not be too late or too early, too early is easy to crazy seedling, too late is the fruit skin purple, affecting the development of fruit and later branching results. In the eggplant, four mother bucket flowering, is also the eggplant needs the most fertilizer period, generally every 5 to 6 days watering 1, keep the soil moist, combined with watering manure or rotting cake fertilizer 15000 kg per hectare or 225 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Later, 1 water, 1 fertilizer alternately, that is, every 15 days or so after 1 fertilizer, *** counting fertilizer 8 to 9 times, is conducive to the growth of the plant and fruiting.

Regarding the eggplant's pruning, flower and fruit thinning. In the plant buds can begin to cultivate the soil, cultivate the soil can be appropriate to insert bamboo tied vines, branching, the main stem of the first flower (called root eggplant flowers) should be removed, in addition to retaining the root eggplant below the first lateral branches, the main stem of the lower part of the remaining lateral branches are removed. Large-fruited varieties, the upper branches in addition to each inflorescence to stay under a lateral branch, the rest of the lateral branches can also be removed. Growth is too lush or cultivated too densely planted, should be removed part of the leaves to ensure normal fruit growth, color and tender. Eggplant has two kinds of primary and secondary flowers, secondary flowers must be removed to ensure that the main flower results in order to concentrate the use of nutrients to increase the weight of a single fruit. It is too late to remove the second flower to remove the fruit of the second flower in time.

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