The sugar content of sweet corn kernels is about 10 times higher than that of ordinary corn. It is mainly processed into canned sweet corn or marketed as fresh ears. It can be stir-fried and eaten raw. It is popular for its sweet taste and high digestibility. People love it. Because the economic benefits of planting sweet corn are better, the promotion area is getting larger and larger. To obtain high quality and high yield of sweet corn, it is a necessary key technology.
1. Isolated planting
Sweet corn should be planted in isolation from ordinary corn or other types of corn to avoid flour. Space isolation and time isolation can be used, but space isolation is better. If spatial isolation is used, it is generally more than 400m in plain areas. If there are natural barriers such as woods, hills, houses, and roads, the isolation distance can be shortened appropriately. If time isolation is used, the sowing dates should differ by more than 30 days. In short, the principle is to prevent the two types of corn pollen from meeting.
2. Preparing the soil carefully, applying sufficient base fertilizer, and sowing shallowly and finely
Since the starch content of sweet corn kernels is low, the ability to germinate and soil is weak, so it must be planted when planting. Choose a plot with loose soil, good fertility, good moisture, and convenient irrigation and drainage. In areas where conditions permit, 1,000 to 1,500 kg of high-quality decomposed manure can be prepared per acre, plus 15 kg of superphosphate, fully mixed and mature, and then applied before sowing. The sowing should be precise, with 3 to 4 seeds per hole. The sowing depth should be slightly shallower than that of ordinary corn, and the soil should generally be covered with about 4cm.
3. Sowing in stages
Growing sweet corn is to sell fresh ears on the market or supply factory-processed canned food. It is completely different from planting ordinary corn. At the same time, after the sweet corn is harvested, Can't keep it for a long time. Therefore, when planting sweet corn, it is necessary to sow it in stages according to market demand and factory processing capacity, and to mix early, medium and late maturing varieties to improve economic benefits.
4. Reasonable dense planting
The planting density depends on the characteristics of the variety, soil fertility, early and late sowing date, and planting method. At the same time, pay attention to the commercial performance of the fruit ears. In general medium-fertility soil, 4,000 plants/acre is appropriate. Early-maturing varieties can be denser, and late-maturing varieties can be thinner.
5. Strengthen field management
1. Check and replenish seedlings, thin and stabilize seedlings
After emergence, check and replenish seedlings in time; when the seedlings have 3 to 4 pieces The seedlings are set when the leaves are 4 to 5 leaves. The principle of thinning seedlings is to remove large ones, remove small ones, and leave the middle ones to ensure uniform seedlings throughout the field.
2. Pay attention to top dressing and timely cultivating
Generally, about 1,000kg of organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer and 30kg of urea per acre (7.5kg each in the seedling stage and jointing stage, respectively). 15kg at the bell mouth stage), 5-7kg of potassium chloride; potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer is applied once at the seedling stage. Topdressing fertilizer should be applied as deep into the hole as possible and covered with soil promptly after application. After each top dressing, cultivating and weeding should be carried out. When cultivating, pay attention to leveling, breaking and loosening, so as not to damage the seedlings.
3. Watering in case of drought
In areas with irrigation conditions, water should be irrigated in time during the seedling stage, trumpet stage and filling stage.
4. Prevent and control insect pests
For underground pests, 0.5kg of phoxim plus 25-30kg of fine sand per acre can be used in the seedling stage; for corn borers, carbofuran granules can be used Spread during the heart leaf stage or at the end of the heart leaf stage.
6. Timely emasculation
Timely emasculation is a key cultivation technology to ensure high yield and high quality of sweet corn. However, timely castration is the key to technical success. If castrated too early, the parietal lobe will be easily taken out; if castrated too late, too much nutrients will be consumed, and the meaning of castration will be lost. When harvesting corn shoots, the tassels should be emasculated when the tassels exceed the top leaves and have not yet powdered; when harvesting tender ears of sweet corn, the tassels should be emasculated 2 to 3 days after the tassels have powdered.
7. Timely Harvesting
The harvest period of sweet corn has a great impact on its commodity quality and nutritional quality. If harvested too early, the kernel content will be less; if harvested late, the peel will become hard and there will be more residue, and the unique flavor of sweet corn will be lost. Generally speaking, the appropriate harvest period is 20 to 23 days after ear pollination; if the purpose is to process canned food, it can be harvested 1 to 2 days earlier, and if the purpose is to sell fresh ears, it can be harvested 1 to 2 days later.