I. Product Classification of Food Additive Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum)
There are two subcategories of food additive calcium sulfate (gypsum), but there are three product series in actual production.
1, CaSO4·2H2O calcium sulfate dihydrate, the dihydrate form of calcium sulfate, contains about 20% of crystallization water. Only the best natural gypsum ore (generally fiber gypsum) can be selected for production, which is strictly classified and removed from impurities through layer-by-layer screening. Because all products are produced by physical methods, it is natural and healthy, and it is the first choice for customers who pursue quality (except for special requirements on temperature and moisture). At present, this process is widely adopted by gypsum production enterprises all over the world.
2. CaSO4 anhydrous calcium sulfate is made of natural gypsum ore by high-temperature calcination, dehydration and grinding. According to the different production technology, it can be divided into two small categories:
(1) traditional process production: the product is made of ordinary natural gypsum ore (generally ungraded fiber gypsum with soil), which is in direct contact with fuels such as coal and dry wood, calcined at high temperature, dehydrated and cooled, then removed impurities and ground. Due to direct contact with fuels such as coal, there are odor residues such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and most of the products are used in low-end food industries such as traditional bean products industry. At present, this technology is only applied in the production enterprises in China.
(2) Modern process production: The products are only made of the best natural gypsum ore (generally fiber gypsum) through complicated processes such as classification, impurity removal and indirect calcination. Because it is odorless and tasteless, high purity and high whiteness, it is widely used in middle and high-end customers with special requirements on temperature, moisture and whiteness. Due to the complicated process and high energy consumption, only a few gypsum enterprises in the world produce gypsum at present, and only our company can supply it in China.
II. Introduction to the standards of food additive calcium sulfate (gypsum) implemented in various countries in the world
1, in China, before June 1 2008, the national standard GB 1 892-1980 was implemented before June12008, and the specified product classification is only calcium sulfate hemihydrate (caso4/kloc-. In 2007 10, the Chinese people and the Ministry of Health organized experts to revise this standard, which has been implemented for more than 20 years, and formulated the latest national standard GB 1 892-2007, which was implemented from June12008. At the same time, the verification method has been revised. The nominal name is GB1892-1980gb1892-2007.
Classification CaSO4? 1/2 H2O CaSO4? 2 H2O CaSO4
Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) (on a dry basis),% ≥ 95 98 98.
Heavy metal (calculated as Pb),% ≤ 0.0010.0002 0.0002
Arsenic (As),% ≤ 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
Fluoride (in F),% ≤ 0.005 0.003 0.003
Selenium (Se),% ≤-0.003 0.003
Drying reduction,% ≤-1.519.0 ~ 23.0
2. In the United States, the fifth edition (2004) of the American Food Chemicals Code (FCC) "Calcium Sulfate as a Food Additive" (English version) has made a detailed specification on the chemical composition, properties, uses, composition, packaging and storage requirements of calcium sulfate as a food additive.
3. Japan has also formulated the Standard of Calcium Sulfate as a Food Additive in the Public Statement of Food Additives (6th Edition) to regulate the application of calcium sulfate in food. (See Table-2)
Project index
Gb1892-2007fcc (ⅴ) Japanese food additives publication (6th edition)
CaSO4 CaSO4·2H2O CaSO4 CaSO4·2H2O
Mass fraction of calcium sulfate (CaSO4)/%98 98 98 98 98 CaSO4 2H2O
98～ 105
Lead (Pb) mass fraction/%≤ 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.002
Arsenic (As) mass fraction/%≤ 0.0002 0.0002-0.0004 (calculated as As2O3)
Fluoride (F) mass fraction /% ≤ 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003-
Weight loss by drying/%≤1.519.0-23.0 ≤1.519.0-23.018.02 ~ 24.
Selenium (Se) mass fraction /% ≤ 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003-
Easy carbide-qualified
Mass fraction of chloride (Cl)/%≤-0.21
Free alkali-qualified
Third, the use of food additive calcium sulfate (gypsum)
It has been estimated that calcium sulfate has at least 100 uses in food.
The uses of calcium sulfate in food include: nutrition agent, yeast activator, dough property modifier, curing agent, chelating agent, gelling agent, baking powder, carrier, filler, pH regulator and abrasive. In these applications, it is mainly used in baked goods. As a curing agent, it is used in canned potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, kidney beans and pepper. Calcium sulfate is also used as an ingredient in candied fruit, ice cream and other frozen desserts. Calcium sulfate is also used in beer brewing, and this product is added during malt treatment to increase the content of calcium ions in water. Calcium sulfate is used as an abrasive in cleaning agents used in contact with food. Calcium sulfate is also used in cosmetics and toothpaste.
1 China listed four uses in GB2760－2007 Hygienic Standard for Food Additives issued by the Ministry of Health in 2007, namely, stabilizer and coagulant, as benzoyl peroxide diluent (also known as flour treatment agent), acidity regulator (also known as PH regulator) and thickener.
2. The uses announced by the US FDA include: (see Table-3)
Permitted use of calcium sulfate in FDA
Items whose use conforms to 2 1 CFR.
Anti-adhesive 170.3(o)( 1)
Colorant 170.3(o)(4)
Dough property improver 170.3(o)(6)
Desiccant 170.3(o)(7)
Curing agent 170.3(o)( 10)
Flour treatment agent 170.3(o)( 13), 170.3(o)( 14)
Starter 170.3(o)( 17)
Nutritional support 170.3(o)(20)
PH regulator 170.3(o)(23)
Processing aid 170.3(o)(24)
Stabilizer and thickener 170.3(o)(28)
Compounding agent 170.3(o)(3 1)
Tissue forming agent 170.3(o)(32)
Source: 21CFR184.1230 (c)
Four, the scope of use of food additive calcium sulfate (gypsum)
1 The scope of use of food additives in China is based on the GB2760－2007 Hygienic Standard for Food Additives issued by the Ministry of Health in 2007. The standard and its supplementary notice stipulate the detailed scope of use and dosage, which is the legal basis for the scope of use of food additive calcium sulfate in China at present. (See Table-4)
As of 2008, Ministry of Health Announcement No.27, 20081Feb 1 1 day.
2. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration of the United States) also announced and approved the scope of use of calcium sulfate.
Maximum allowable limit of calcium sulfate in GMP
The product category limit (%) conforms to the item of 2 1 CFR.
Baking category1.30%170.3 (n) (1)
Candied dessert 3.00% 170.3(n)(9)
Frozen dessert 0.50% 170.3(n)(20)
Colloidal pudding 0.40% 170.3(n)(22)
Cereal products and pastry products 0.50% 170.3(n)(23)
0.35% of processed vegetables170.3 (n) (23)
Other foods 0.07% 184. 1230(d)