Area: 204 square kilometers
Population: 300,000 people (2002)
Dialect: Henan dialect
Famous attractions: 10,000 acres of Lotus Vegetable Sightseeing Base, Qinglongshan Hundred Life Garden
Guancheng Hui District is located in the southeastern part of Zhengzhou City, east of Zhongmou County, south of the city of Xinzheng, north of the city with the Jinshui District and west of the two Guancheng Hui District map. Seventh District. Code: 410104. belongs to the sand dune ridge and hillock area, the elevation is between 100-140 meters, southwest-northeast tilt. Belong to the north temperate zone semi-arid monsoon type continental climate, the average annual temperature between 13.3 ℃ -14 ℃.
[edit paragraph] Administrative divisions
Guancheng Huizu District jurisdiction over nine streets, one town, two townships: West Street Street, Nanguan Street, Chengdong Road Street, East Street, Guancheng Huizu District scenery 1 Street, Erligang Street, Longhai Road Street, Zijingshan South Road Street On September 23, 2002, Henan Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, "on the abolition of Zhengzhou City Guancheng District, Dongcheng Township of the approval of the reply" (Yu Min) Guancheng Huiyuan District Golden Heron Ostrich Park line approval [2002] No. 1); September 27, Zhengzhou Municipal People's Government General Office "on the abolition of the Guancheng District Dongcheng Township set up Navigation Road Street Office notice" (Zheng Zheng Zhengwen [2002] No. 117): First, the abolition of the Guancheng District Dongcheng Township, the original jurisdiction of its administrative area into the Guancheng area, the implementation of the city's urban management system. Second, the establishment of the East Navigation Road Street Office, stationed at No. 26 East Navigation Road, to manage the jurisdiction of the five village committees of the former Dongcheng Township. . As of December 31, 2005, Guancheng Huizu District jurisdiction over nine streets, one town, two townships: North Lower Street Street, Nanguan Street, Longhai Road Street, East Cheng Road Street, two Ligang Street, East Street Street, Zijingshan South Road Street, West Street Street, Navigation East Street; eighteen Mile River Township; Nancao Township, Nantian Township.
[ Eighteen Mile River Town Located in the southern suburbs of Zhengzhou City, bordering the city. The town covers an area of 30.37 square kilometers, population of 21,200 people, the town jurisdiction of 11 administrative villages, 18 natural villages, 65 villager groups. Nan Cao Township Located in the southeast of Zhengzhou City, an area of about 50 square kilometers, jurisdiction over 14 administrative villages, 28,400 people. Pudian Township Located in the eastern suburb of Zhengzhou City, east of Zhongmou County Bisha Town, west and north of Jingshui District, south of Nancao Township, Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, with a total area of 34.6 square kilometers. Jurisdiction of 13 administrative villages, with a population of 23,000 people.
[edit]Tourism resources
Guancheng Huizu District is rich in natural resources, attractions and beautiful scenery, there are nursery field of ten thousand acres of lotus vegetable sightseeing base, Qinglongshan Hundred Life Garden, Nancao Township, Jinsha Botanical Manor, the Golden Heron Ostrich Park. Ten thousand acres of Lotus Seed Sightseeing Base: The ten thousand acres of Lotus Seed planted in Pu Tian Township's He Gou Wang, Hou Tun, Mu Zhuang, Baifo and other villages, with blue eyes in the summer, the fragrance of the lotus, and the sound of frogs, is a good place to escape from the summer heat and to return to the nature. Qinglongshan Hundred Life Garden: 150 meters high, an area of 36 square meters of Qinglongshan, located in Zhengbian Highway Pudian Township, 400 meters south of Xiaodian Village, covers an area of 120 acres, a construction area of more than 30,000 square meters, with 500 beds, 1,200-meter-deep geothermal wells, the water temperature up to 46 degrees, can be hot springs bathing, swimming in the Guancheng Huizu District water park, do mineral water for drinking. The park is large-scale, well-equipped, is the ideal place for the elderly to spend their days. Jinsha Botanical Manor: Located about one kilometer south of Lianghu Village in Nancao Township, with undulating sand dunes and dense woods, there is an artificial Jinsha Lake, where you can swim, fish, and eat barbecue. If interested, you can also go to the golf course to play a hand. Golden Heron Ostrich Park: Located about one kilometer south of Si Zhao in Nan Cao Township, it integrates ostrich breeding, viewing and fitness tour. You can feed the ostriches, ride the ostriches, walk the boulevard, ride a tandem bicycle, catch fish, slide in the sand, cross the log bridge, eat ostrich meat, taste the farm dinner, and buy an ostrich egg as a souvenir when you leave.
[edit]Land categories
The land*** in the region is divided into 3 primary types, 10 secondary types and 52 tertiary types. The total land area of the district is about 196.6 square kilometers (294,774.5 acres), of which 28.56 square kilometers (42,840 acres) are in Shibarihe Township, 48.3 square kilometers (72,495 acres) are in Pudian Township, 95 square kilometers (142,500 acres) are in Nancaoshen Township, the urban area is 24.4 square kilometers (36,600 acres including the Dongcheng Township), and the area of the enclave in foreign counties is 0.31 square kilometers (465 mu). The area of various types of land use in the region are 99,228.0 mu of arable land, accounting for 33.7% of the total land area; 56,170.70 mu of garden land, accounting for 19%; 13,857.50 mu of forest land, accounting for 4.7%; 87,512.6 mu of residential and industrial and mining land, accounting for 29.7%; 12,894.6 mu of land used for transportation, accounting for 4.4%; 12,480.6 mu of watershed, accounting for 4.2%. acres, accounting for 4.2%, and 12,630.5 acres of unutilized land, accounting for 4.3%.
[edit]Resource Characteristics
1. The relative amount of land resources is small, but the soil texture is good. The region's per capita arable land area according to the agricultural population is only 0.95 mu, far below the national, provincial and municipal per capita land level. Guancheng Hui District snacks 2, high land utilization rate, arable land reserve resources are insufficient. Because Guancheng is located in the capital of Henan Province, the terrain is flat, production conditions are better, the history of reclamation has a long history, the construction of land development is fast, the land that can be developed is almost fully developed and utilized, and the unutilized land is relatively small, so only by improving the efficiency of land utilization can we alleviate the contradiction of the shortage of arable land reserve resources. The establishment of agricultural efficient parks, the adjustment of agricultural structure and the increase of farmers' income are the future direction of rural development. 3. The level of urban culture is high. The proportion of land occupied by settlements and industrial and mining sites is large. The region's towns and settlements and industrial and mining land accounted for 29.7% of the region's total area.
[Edit]Utilization Status
Agricultural Land
1. Cultivated land refers to the land where crops are grown, including irrigated paddy fields, watered land, dry land, and vegetable land.In 2002, there were 99,228 acres of arable land in the whole region***, accounting for 33.7% of the total area of the region. Among them, 11108.1 mu of irrigated paddy land, 60325.7 mu of watered land, 2647.10 mu of vegetable land, the above three respectively accounted for 11.2%, 60.8%, 2.7% of the cultivated land, the three combined area of 74070.9 acres, accounting for 74.7% of the cultivated land area, and 25147.1 acres of dry land, accounting for 25.3% of the cultivated land area. 2. Cultivated land is mainly distributed within three agricultural townships (townships), namely, Shibarihe, Pudian and Nancao. Among them, the cultivated area of Nan Cao Township is the largest at 53,094.9 mu, accounting for 54% of the district's cultivated area, while the cultivated areas of Shibarihe Township and Putian Township are 19,368.9 mu and 26,764.2 mu respectively, each accounting for 20% and 26% of the district's cultivated area. 3, garden: the region **** have garden area of 56,170.70 acres, accounting for 19.1% of the total area of the region, in the region's garden, apple orchards accounted for a larger proportion. South Cao's orchard area is larger, the area of 33,291.4 acres, accounting for 59% of the total area of orchards in the region, this indicator is higher in the city. 4, forest land: the region **** there are 13857.5 acres of forest land, accounting for 4.7% of the total land area of the region. The forest land is mainly distributed in the three agricultural townships (towns) of Shibarihe, Pudian and Nancao.
Construction Land
1, residents occupy land and industrial and mining land: residents occupy land and industrial and mining land refers to urban and rural settlements, independent settlements, and settlements outside the industrial and mining, national defense, places of interest and other enterprises and institutions land. Including transportation land, green land. 2002, the region's settlements and Guancheng Huiyuan District water car industrial and mining land for 87,512.6 acres, accounting for 29.7% of the region's total area, of which 26,956.5 acres of land in towns and cities, accounting for 30.8% of the land of the settlements and industrial and mining land, the rural settlement land 25,202.5 acres, accounting for 28.8% of the land of the settlements and industrial and mining land, independent industrial and mining land 34,145.7 acres, accounting for 39% of settlements and industrial and mining land, and 1207.8 acres of special land, accounting for 1.4% of settlements and industrial and mining land. 2、Transportation land: transportation land refers to all kinds of roads and land for road ancillary facilities outside of residential land, including road guard forests. Guancheng District*** has 12,894.6 acres of transportation land, accounting for 4.4% of the total area of the district. Among the transportation land in the region, 3,493 acres of railroad land accounts for 27% of the transportation land, 4257.7 acres of highway land area accounts for 33% of the transportation land, and 5,143.9 acres of rural road land accounts for 40% of the transportation land.
Watershed land
Waters refer to land waters and water conservancy facilities land. The region's watershed land 12,480.6 acres, accounting for 4.2% of the region's total land area, an increase from 1993. This is also related to the vigorous development of aquatic products in Pooten Township in recent years.
Unutilized land
The unutilized land in Guancheng District is 12,630.5 mu, accounting for 4.3% of the total area of the district.
Land status in 2003
Survey results of land status change in September 2003 for the whole district: 97,789.6 mu of cultivated land, 55,771.6 mu of garden area, 13,731.4 mu of forested land, 9,521.5 mu of other farmland, 87,429 mu of residential and industrial and mining land, 9,902.7 mu of transportation land, and 8,014.8 mu of watershed land. The area of unutilized land is 12,613.9 acres.
[edit]Local Snacks
Paste Spicy Soup
Paste Spicy Soup. As a matter of fact, Zhengzhou street paste spicy soup are not authentic, free town class signboard is just a profit tool, people tend to rush to the reason, because there are too few delicious options. If I open a snack bar, must not cut corners, the secret system did not have to learn, the flavor is the protagonist. Word of mouth is the most important. Nanyang credit old family of powder skin, beef and mutton paste spicy soup and green beans and sesame leaves batter noodles in Zhengzhou nowhere to be seen, the countryside people honest, not yet fully drilled into the eye of the money. Hongqi Road, north of the Yellow River Food City, the meat foam paste spicy soup, thin and meat flavor, supporting the fried meat box taste good.
Hot dry noodles
. Hot Dry Noodles. (1) the north side of Longhai Road by the Railway Bureau hospital small store. (2) smoke factory near the middle of North Third Street Road, south of the husband and wife store, the portion is slightly less than a large plate of one yuan, now a small portion of 1.5 yuan, chili peppers mixed with sesame seeds, good. (3) Xinzheng Road, Longhai Railway Bridge, south of the canvas factory family home, the amount of good taste.
Braised noodles
(1) Xinzheng Road, Longhai Railway Bridge, north side of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of the old iron braised noodles and white record steamed buns. 5 yuan a bowl of braised noodles thick and sinewy, put seaweed, tofu shredded and oil chili pepper, soup fat meat cubes for the square ding, if you do not eat spicy, to be told not to put chili pepper. Dining peak no seat, the neighborhood for brewery workers to come here. Far more authentic than the nearby Bauhinia Hill Road, flash records, Nanguan Street combined. (2) the south end of East Chengdu Road, opposite the steel warehouse Zhao Ji, 4 yuan a bowl, put a deep-fried thousand sheets, crushed sesame seeds, with a dish of sugar and garlic, mutton soup is basically 5 yuan a bowl, small dishes are also good. (3) Hongqi Road and the East Third Street intersection of poly square round chow mein. 5 yuan a bowl, taste and Zhao Ji similar. (4) South house chow mein across from the pesticide factory on East Cheng Road.
[edit]Archaeological research
Based on the stratigraphic superposition and breaking relationship of the Shang Dynasty site in Zhengzhou and the different characteristics of the relics, archaeologists have set the age of Zhengzhou Mall at the Erligang period of the Shang Bronze Plum Deer Generation, and at the same time differentiated it into the Lower Erligang Phase I and Phase II and the Upper Erligang Phase I and Phase II. The city wall contains relics as late as the middle of the Shang Dynasty. Carbon 14 dating of the charcoal unearthed within the upper layer of rammed earth of the east city wall, dated to 3235±90 years before present, proves that it is a mid Shang Dynasty city site earlier than Anyang Yinxu. Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty city site is wide-ranging and rich in relics, large palace ruins, handicraft workshops and exquisite bronze groups, etc. It can be concluded that this is the capital of Bo, where Cheng Tang of the Shang Dynasty resided, 3,600 years ago.
Agricultural Economy
1. The social economy of the Shang Dynasty developed on the premise that agricultural production was more developed, which was confirmed in archaeological excavations. At that time has used bronze tools, inside and outside of Zhengzhou Mall are found to have a bronze 钁, that is, the so-called "hollow axe", long and hollow, double-sided edge, blade width of 4 centimeters to 8 centimeters, one end of the rectangular handle holes, this is the time of the "felling of grass and trees for the field in order to plant cereals," indispensable felling tools. This is an indispensable logging tool for "cutting grass and trees to grow cereals" at that time. In Zhengzhou City, outside the southern city wall of the bronze casting workshop site, unearthed a considerable number of casting bronze quail pottery model, which has both the outer model and the inner model, which can be seen, this bronze quail at that time is also for the "batch" production. But in the Shang Dynasty agricultural production, bronze tools are not many, a large number of use is still stone, bone, mussels. At that time, the digging and loosening tools are mainly flat and polished stone shovel. Next is the mussel shovel, that is, with the natural mussels slightly polished from; is also a kind of bone shovel, generally with the cattle bed bone dissected and then repair and become. They are equipped with wooden handles, is a kind of shoveling and weeding tools, may also be the ancient literature called "耜". These agricultural tools were relatively common at that time. Harvesting tools are stone sickle and clam sickle, the common form has a curved back straight edge and curved back curved edge two kinds of, when used on the wooden handle. In the south corner of Zhengzhou City, that is, the provincial timber company courtyard of a Shang dynasty cellar, unearthed 19 pieces of stone sickle, of which the smaller stone sickle 1, stone material is very good, the surface is polished, can be seen vaguely blue-gray and white-gray patches, curved back curved edge, 11 cm long, 3 cm wide, 0.8 cm thick; larger stone sickle 18 pieces, all with lapis lazuli grinding and become, long, curved back straight edge, the edge of the sharper, 20 cm to 26.5 cm, width of the blade, the length is 20 cm ~ 26.5 cm, width is 0.8 cm; larger stone sickle 18 pieces, all with lapis lazuli grinding and became, long, bent back straight edge, edge of the more acute, the cm to 26.5 cm, 6 cm to 6.5 cm wide, 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm thick. This is the largest number of stone scythes found in Zhengzhou Mall. In Zhengzhou Mall, you can also see a small number of stone knives and mussel knives, rectangular in shape, with a hole through the center. The tool used for cutting is the stone axe, which is also commonly found in Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty sites. In and around the Zhengzhou Mall, but also many times found grain processing tools, such as stone mortar and pestle, with which to process grain, than the Neolithic era used stone grinding wheel, stone grinding rod, obviously a step forward. The grains cultivated in the Shang Dynasty were of various kinds, and the oracle bone inscriptions include 禾, 麦,稷,稻, 黍, 粟, 菽, and so on. In Zhengzhou Mall Baijiazhuang site had found rice husk, it can be seen that the Central Plains region at that time also planted rice. In Zhengzhou Mall, found a lot of rectangular cellar, some as deep as 8 meters to 9 meters, cellar walls are generally straight and smooth, there are symmetrical foot nest can be up and down. These appear to be cellar holes for storing grain. At that time, there were already a large number of people out of agricultural production, including the royal family, nobles, slave owners, officials and other large ruling groups, as well as the army, retainers and a variety of handicrafts slaves, etc.; in order to provide them with food, of course, a large amount of food to be stored. This also reflects from one side that the amount of grain at that time was relatively large. In addition, in zhengzhou mall had unearthed a large number of copper and ceramic wine vessels, which shows that at that time the wind of drinking is very prevalent, brewing also need a lot of food, which from another side reflects the shang dynasty agricultural production really has a relatively high degree of development. In this way, more promote the further division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts, so that the Shang Dynasty created a material civilization far more than the Xia Dynasty. 2. Animal husbandry and fishing and hunting. On the basis of the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishing and hunting have also made considerable progress, and occupy a certain proportion in the social economy. In the oracle bones, in addition to cattle, horses, boars, sheep, dogs and other words, there is also a circle of cattle in the prison word, circle of boars in the word home. According to statistics, in the oracle bone common more than 850 words, there are more than 130 words related to agriculture, accounting for fifteen percent; and with animal husbandry, hunting related to more than 150 words, accounting for more than seventeen percent. This is reflected in the late Shang Dynasty animal husbandry face, but it can be assumed that, compared to some earlier than the middle of the Shang Dynasty animal husbandry situation, the difference will not be very far. In Zhengzhou city center site, excavated a lot of cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, the remains of these were kept livestock, especially cattle, pigs, dogs for the most, only in the northeast corner of the city of Zhengzhou city corner of an exploratory ditch, the excavation of eight martyrdom dog pit, with the dog as many as 92. In the oracle bone inscriptions, there are words such as vector, bullet and net, which are images of fishing and hunting gear. The oracle bone inscriptions also contain records about hunting methods such as car attack, dog by dog, burning mountain, vector shooting, netting, trapping and so on. In Zhengzhou Mall can often be found in copper arrowheads, stone arrowheads, bone arrowheads, mussel arrowheads, stone thatch, ceramic projectile, ceramic net pendant, stone net pendant and other fishing and hunting tools, but also unearthed a number of wild animal bones, as well as ceramic sculpture of the pig, sheep, tigers, fish, turtles, birds and other works of art, which reflect the fishing and hunting industry at that time.
Crafts
. Workshops for casting bronzes and the craft of casting bronzes. The Shang Dynasty belonged to the Bronze Age, which was marked by the production and use of bronze production tools, weapons and containers. In Zhengzhou Mall, smelting and casting bronze ware was a state-of-the-art production technology, and was the most important production sector among all kinds of handicrafts at that time. Among the two bronze casting workshop sites discovered in 1954, the one outside the South Pass has an excavation area of 1050 square meters, and the one outside the North City Wall has an excavation area of 275 square meters. Inside these two workshop sites, the operation site for casting at that time was unearthed respectively - a hard soil surface with a layer of copper slag adhering to it. There were also conical pits on top, much like the places where crucibles were placed. There were also a large number of crucible remnants and fragments, red-hot soil, slag, charcoal and thousands of casting various bronze pottery. It can be seen that the scale of its production was still considerable. Within the scope of the workshop site, also unearthed a very simple semi-cave dwelling and some small house foundation, these may be in the workshop labor slaves lived. At that time the melting crucible there are three kinds: one is made of clay pile, the external laying of thick grass mixed mud, oval mouth, crucible inside and outside a layer of copper slag, some mouth and cracks, probably due to the formation of high temperature. Another is with mud pottery large mouth as a tire changed into. This is a common artifacts in Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty sites, its shape for the large mouth, neck, convex shoulders, deep belly, rounded bottom, usually decorated with rope, string pattern and additional pile pattern. In order to strengthen the wall of the vessel, a thick layer of grass-mixed mud was applied inside and outside the vessel wall when it was reformed, and due to the high temperature, the inner wall of the vessel turned into a greenish-gray color with a layer of copper slag attached to it. There is also a sandy red ceramic cylinder reformed, which is also a common Zhengzhou City, a vessel. Its shape for the open mouth, oblique straight belly, flat bottom, some also attached to a short foot. Pottery tire thicker, mingled with coarse sand particles, the surface is decorated with rope, chevron or cloud thunder pattern, this sandy thick pottery cylinder converted crucible, the degree of refractory than the mud Dakouzun high, so only in the outer wall coated with grass mixed with mud. After high temperature, the walls of the cylinder are burnt to brick red, and the inner wall also has a layer of copper slag adhered to it. In a large number of pottery models, can be seen in the shape of the tool model, such as the 钁, shovels, axes, knives, chisels, cones and other production tools model, accounting for about half of the; arrowheads, go and other weapons model is less; and square tripod, garden tripod, Li, jia, jue, goblet, zun, earthenware containers model also accounted for a considerable number of. It is worth noting that the two casting bronze workshop site, in addition to the excavation of the same type of pottery Fan, outside the South Pass was also found by a larger number of arrowheads Fan and the 钁 Fan, while the North City wall outside the area of the present-day Henan Hotel unearthed more knife Fan and Go Fan. It seems that their products are somewhat different, in Zhengzhou city center cast copper crafts workshop, may have been a certain division of labor. This pottery model is a "hard model", the Shang dynasty with hard model to cast bronze, is an advanced technology, far in the forefront of the world at that time. Fan casting method, the first step is to make a mold, the mold is made of clay imitation into the casting of the object, and engraved on the pattern. The second step is the outer model, with a certain thickness of clay attached to the surface of the mold, with pressure to print the shape of the mold and decorative patterns, to be half-dry clay, select the appropriate parts, cut with a knife, in the cut between the clay with a triangular mortise and tenon, so that when the model can be closed when the model of each model can be tightly fastened, and then drying, baking, and modification of the inner wall pattern, so that it is made into an outer model. The third step is to make the inner fan, with the clay first made into the shape of the object, and then according to the thickness of the object you want to cast a layer of scraping, after baking, which is made into the inner fan. The mortise and tenon, pegs, and locating sheaths on both the inner and outer fangs are prefabricated so that they will not move or be misaligned when the fangs are put together. After applying a coat of paint to the face of the van, the van is ready to be closed. Finally reinforced with mud on the outside, and leave a gate and risers, after baking, can be used in the crucible of copper liquid casting. In Zhengzhou city center inside and outside the Erligang, Yangzhuang, Baijiazhuang, Dongli Road, Mingkong Road, People's Park and Nanguan Xiong'er River and many other places, unearthed a large number of mid Shang Dynasty bronzes. In addition to production tools and weapons, there are also many bronze containers, including round taotie and kui tripods, kui flat-footed tripods, large square tripods with taotie and nipple motifs, kui or herringbone motifs, taotie or nipple motifs copper jia, string motifs or taotie copper knights, string or taotie motifs copper divorces, tortoise motifs or goat's head motifs copper earthenware jars, bull's head motifs copper zuns, veiled or kui motifs copper plates, taotie and union-jeweled copper goblets, and so on, which have provided the basis for the study of the bronze casting process of China's These provide important physical data for the study of China's Shang Dynasty bronze casting technology and unique decorative techniques. The slaves of Zhengzhou Mall had mastered the complex bronze casting process and knew to smelt bronze with multiple methods of matching metal raw materials. As the antimony content varies greatly, it can be inferred that the ores from different regions were selected. At that time can cast a large-scale heavy and exquisite medium and small bronze, they bear on the west of Henan Yanshi Erlitou early Shang Dynasty bronze, the next start Anyang Yinxu late Shang Dynasty bronzes,, in a very important position. Archaeological excavations have proved that China's bronzes have a long history and were produced and developed independently on its own land. It shows to the world the high degree of wisdom and creativity of the ancient Chinese working people, in the long river of human history, has written a monumental chapter. 2. Workshops for firing pottery and pottery-making process. In Zhengzhou Mall, burning pottery is a very important handicraft production sector. 1955 in Zhengzhou Mall west corner found burning pottery workshop site, about 1400 square meters, excavated 14 arranged pottery kiln and more than 10 small house foundation. Most of the kilns were round, and some were oval. The kilns were divided into two parts, the upper part was the kiln chamber, the lower part was the fire chamber and the fire door, and the middle part was separated by a kiln grate with round holes, which was supported by a rectangular earth pillar. Kiln grate placed on the billet, under the grate can be burned. Because of the high-temperature fire, the inside of the kiln wall has become brick gray, and gradually red outward. Near the kiln wall and the foundation of the house were unearthed a number of tools used for making pottery, such as ceramic mats and ceramic molds. Among the large number of pottery pieces unearthed, there is a single variety, mostly clay pots and pots, while sandwiched pottery such as li, tanks, and earthenware vessels are rarely found. It can be seen that this pottery workshop is specialized in firing pots, retorts and other clay pottery, indicating that in Zhengzhou city handicrafts not only has long been separated from agriculture, become independent of the production sector, but also in the same kind of handicrafts within the industry, such as ceramics, there has been a fixed division of labor. Workshop owners to produce such a large number of pots and retorts is never for their own use, but for product exchange. The most unearthed relics in Zhengzhou Mall are pottery, which are not only an important symbol of archaeological dating, but also a reflection of the social life at that time. At that time, no matter commoners or nobles, they all commonly used pottery. From the pottery quality, there are mud and sand; from the pottery color, there are gray pottery, red pottery, black pottery and white pottery; from the method, there are wheel-made, molded, wheel-molded and hand-made; from the shape, there are flat-bottomed, round-bottomed, three-legged, rimmed and covered vessels; from the use, there are cooking utensils, drinking utensils, serving utensils, production tools, sculpture and musical instruments, etc.; from the name of the category, there are pottery containers such as li (鬲) and ding (鼎甑), pots, jars, jars, and other vessels. From the name of the category, the pottery container has li, tripod cauldron, jar, jia, jennet, goblet, cup, bean, basin, pot, large mouth zun, small mouth zun, bronze lion fiancé, earthenware, clarification filter, urns, pots, jars and lids, etc. more than 20 kinds; production tools have spinning wheel, net pendant, projectile, pads, molds, etc.; sculpture art and musical instruments have ceramic tiger, ceramic pig, ceramic goat, ceramic tortoise, ceramic fish, ceramic birds and ceramic ocarina, etc.; from the decorative pattern on the cord, string, basket, chevrons, circle pattern From the decorative pattern, there are rope pattern, string pattern, basket pattern, chevron pattern, circle pattern, additional pile pattern, herringbone pattern and imitation of copper cloud thunder pattern, taotie pattern, milk nail pattern and so on more than a dozen categories, very colorful. On behalf of the highest level of ceramic craftsmanship of Zhengzhou Mall is the primitive pottery. They are made of kaolin, high fire, hard texture, weak water absorption, knocking up the sound of metal. The shape of the ware is mostly zun, and there are also a small number of earthenware jars and pots. The tire is grayish white or yellowish white, individually grayish green and light brown; most of them are covered with greenish glaze, and a few of them are brown glaze or yellowish green glaze. Proved by laboratory tests, Zhengzhou primitive ceramics porcelain tire and general porcelain tire bone similar, primitive porcelain glaze and the general so-called soybean green glaze contains similar chemical composition. From this, Zhengzhou Mall of primitive porcelain has been close to the general porcelain, so that the invention of China's history of porcelain to 3600 years ago, China is known around the world as "the motherland of porcelain," deservedly. 3. grinding of bone ware workshop and bone making process. 1954 in zhengzhou mall north corner of the discovery of grinding of bone ware handmade workshop site, although the excavation area is not large, but the unearthed relics are very rich. In a rectangular shaft-shaped cellar of the Shang Dynasty, thousands of finished and semi-finished bone tools were unearthed, as well as bone materials and waste materials with saw marks, and a number of sharpened stones for grinding bone tools and small copper knives for processing bone tools. Most of the finished bone artifacts were bone hairpins and bone arrowheads, and there were also a few bone cones and bone needles. This shows that this is a handmade workshop mainly producing bone hairpins and bone arrowheads.In 1974, in a Shang Dynasty trench in the northeast of Zhengzhou Mall (i.e. in the yard of No.1 Dongli Road today), three piles of skulls totaling nearly one hundred people were found, as well as a very small number of cattle bones and pig bones, but no human limb bones and ribs were found. Many of the skulls had obvious saw marks, usually across the brow bone and the upper part of the ear, and were identified as mostly young and strong males. In the literature, in ancient times, China and foreign countries have used the human head to make artifacts, these human skulls with saw marks should be Zhengzhou Mall to make human head bowl handmade workshop of a waste heap. [1]