Garlic has a shallow root system, poor absorption capacity, and needs more fertilizer. According to this characteristic, fertilization should follow the principle of small amount and multiple times. Because the planting time of garlic in the north and south is different, I will talk about the fertilization of garlic in combination with the fertilization law of autumn sowing garlic.
First, the basic fertilizer of garlic The application amount of basic fertilizer of garlic should be comprehensively considered according to the target yield and the amount of fertilizer absorbed to form a unit yield. Due to the large fertilizer requirement of garlic, 5000~8000㎏ of decomposed organic fertilizer or 500 ~1000 ㎏ of commercial organic fertilizer is generally applied per mu; Combined with the application of NPK compound fertilizer 50㎏. Soil with sticky texture should be applied more appropriately, and soil with sandy texture should be applied less appropriately.
Second, the top dressing of garlic
1, fertilization management in seedling stage
The seedling period of autumn sowing garlic varies greatly with different varieties. The strength of seedlings is directly related to the normal differentiation of flower buds and scale buds, so topdressing at seedling stage should also be different according to different varieties.
When the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, apply seedling fertilizer, topdressing urea 10㎏ per mu, irrigate immediately after fertilization, then intertillage and loosen the soil, squat down the seedlings, so as to make the roots tie down and prevent premature rot of the mother.
2. Fertilization management during the differentiation period of scale buds and flower buds
After the garlic planted in autumn turns green in the second year, it is combined with irrigation to apply green fertilizer, and urea 20㎏ or compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15㎏ is applied per mu, which provides sufficient water and nutrients for the vigorous growth of seedlings after turning green and promotes the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds. Early maturing varieties of garlic sown in autumn and warmer areas in the south can be watered and fertilized in advance.
3. Fertilization management in flower stem elongation period
The vigorous growth period of flower stems is also the vigorous growth period of garlic plants, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increases rapidly. When the young garlic shoots are harvested, the average daily absorption reaches the peak. Therefore, the key point of water and fertilizer management in the flower stem elongation period is to pay close attention to watering and topdressing, so as to meet the needs of flower stem growth, lay a good foundation for garlic expansion, and prevent garlic from lack of fertilizer and premature aging.
The specific way is to be a young garlic shoot? Show your tail? (The tip of the involucre protrudes from the leaf sheath). Promote fertilizer? Apply 20-30 ㎏ N, P and K compound fertilizer per mu.
4. Fertilization management during garlic bulb expansion period.
After harvesting garlic bolts, the growth of leaves basically stopped, bulbs expanded into a vigorous period, and the absorption of nutrients was also significantly reduced. The key point of management in this period is to protect leaves and roots from injury, prevent premature senility, keep them from producing and absorbing nutrients, and promote garlic hypertrophy.
According to the soil fertility and the previous fertilization situation, combined with the irrigation of the top dressing water, the top dressing fertilizer can be applied when the fertility is insufficient, and urea 10~ 15㎏, potassium sulfate 5 ~10 or ammonium sulfate 15~20㎏ can be applied per mu.
The above are the key points of fertilization management of garlic from planting to harvesting. In the specific operation, we should master fertilization flexibly according to the planting time and growth conditions of garlic. Only by meticulous management can garlic be planted with high yield.