Bean is an annual vegetable of cowpea. Also known as cowpea, cowpea, cowpea. Rich in protein and carotene, it has high nutritional value and good taste. It is one of the popular vegetables widely cultivated in northern China, and its popularity ranks first among all kinds of vegetables.
Beans have strong adaptability, which can be cultivated in the open field or protected field, and can also be produced all year round and listed in all seasons.
growing environment
1, temperature
Cowpea is a heat-resistant vegetable, which can resist high temperature and frost. Seeds germinate faster at 25~35℃, but germinate slower when the temperature decreases, and the germination rate decreases. The lowest temperature is 10~ 12℃. After sowing, the seedlings are unearthed at 30~35℃. After the vine is pulled out, it grows well at 20~25℃, and it can still grow around 35℃. The suitable temperature for flowering and pod setting is 25~28℃, pods can still be set above 35℃, and the growth is slow around 15℃, and the growth is inhibited when it is lower than 10℃ for a long time, and the plants near 0℃ freeze to death. However, when the temperature is higher than 35℃ or lower than 15℃, not only the plants will be premature, but also a large number of flowers and pods will drop, and the pods will become shorter or deformed, and the quality will become worse.
2. Lighting equipment
Cowpea's response to the length of sunshine can be divided into two categories: one is not strict with the length of sunshine, and it can grow and develop normally in both long and short sunshine seasons, that is, it can grow and pod normally in spring, summer and autumn, such as early and middle-maturing cowpea varieties such as Red-billed Yan and Zhijian 28; The other type has strict requirements on sunshine length and is suitable for seasonal cultivation with short sunshine time. For example, in the long sunshine season, the stems and vines are too long, and the flowers and pods are late, which is suitable for autumn cultivation, such as late-maturing cowpea varieties such as Hefei October Cold.
Step 3: Moisture
Cowpea has a well-developed root system and is drought-tolerant, but it needs a proper amount of water. It is not advisable to have too much water during germination and seedling stage, so as not to reduce the germination rate, make the seedlings grow white, or cause root death. Proper air humidity and soil humidity are needed during flowering and pod setting. Rain, humidity or dry air are easy to drop flowers and pods. Too much soil moisture is not conducive to the activities of rhizobia in the root system, and even root rot causes disease, resulting in falling flowers and pods [3].
4. Land
The soil suitable for cowpea growth is wide, as long as it is not too sticky and low-lying and humid, it can be planted. But it is best to use fertile loam or sandy loam. Cowpea is suitable for neutral or slightly acidic soil and pH is pH6.2~7.0. The demand of cowpea for fertilizer is phosphate fertilizer, followed by potash fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. In the early growth stage (before flowering and pod setting), due to the incomplete development of nodules and weak nitrogen fixation ability, it is necessary to supply a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer, but the dosage should not be too much, and the nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in a partial way. Compound fertilizer is best mixed with base fertilizer. After entering the flowering and pod-setting stage, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied, mainly phosphorus fertilizer, to promote the healthy growth of plants, more flowers and full pods.