& gt& gt& gt click here to recommend it to you? Ginger planting management technology?
Weeding cultivation techniques of ginger
After the emergence of Populus euphratica, it is necessary to replenish seedlings in time and weed 1 time. Generally, intertillage weeding is carried out 30-40 days after sowing, and the depth of intertillage is about 6 cm. Second intertillage before budding, combined with weeding, creates good conditions for tuber growth and development.
Fertilize soil or land
Soil preparation and base fertilizer application: after autumn harvest, 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied per mu, 70% of which is spread, and 30% is concentrated in the ditch when sowing; In addition, potassium sulfate 15 kg was applied, and deep ploughing was 30 cm. After ploughing, it was leveled to prepare for sowing. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer application, topdressing of Populus euphratica is divided into two stages during the growth period: the first topdressing is at the end of May, with urea 10 kg per mu to make the seedlings robust and produce new branches; The second time, in the early stage of budding, potassium sulfate 15 kg per mu was topdressing and watered after topdressing.
earth up
Intertillage and soil cultivation: weeding should be done in time after emergence or after rain in spring, and soil cultivation should be carried out in combination with intertillage.
water
Seedling stage, jointing stage, budding stage and tuber expansion stage are the four key stages of watering. Generally, water can be poured in mid-April, water can be stored in late May, bud water can be poured out in mid-August, and tuber swelling water can be poured in mid-June. Although ginger is drought-resistant, its yield can be greatly improved under the condition of sufficient soil moisture. Generally, there is no need to water in the semi-arid area of Central China when there is no serious drought in normal precipitation year. In summer and autumn drought, it is necessary to irrigate fresh bud water 1 time in the middle and late August, and collect rainwater for supplementary irrigation in dry land, which can generally increase income by 54.6%.
Picking buds
In the tuber expansion period, flowers and buds should be picked to promote tuber expansion.
store
Harvest: After autumn, the tubers of Populus euphratica grow rapidly. Until the first ten days of 10, the leaves and stems of Populus euphratica were completely frozen to death, and the underground tubers could not be harvested. Remove the tuber from the soil by hand or machine.
Storage in winter: If the ginger is used in the next spring, the stem of the ginger can be cut off after autumn, but it should be taken out as soon as possible in the next spring, otherwise it will germinate quickly (the ground temperature will start to germinate at 2℃), which will affect the quality of the ginger. Storage method in winter: dig a shallow cellar in autumn, put ginger in it, sprinkle sand immediately, keep humidity and adequate ventilation, and then cover the surrounding area with 5 cm thick soil to prevent ginger from being exposed. When stored in large quantities, the straw handle can be used as several ventilation holes. Ginger begins to hibernate below 0℃, and it is neither afraid of heat nor cold when stored in winter. As long as it is covered with soil, it will not freeze to death at -50℃, and it can germinate and grow the next year. We should do a good job in winter storage according to this principle, as long as the temperature is not high, it will not rot.
Packaging and transportation: Generally, the packaging of ginger can be packed in plastic woven bags, which is breathable and moisturizing. Generally, 10-20 days is no problem.
Jiang Yang can be transported by car or railway, and Jiang Yang should be covered with tarpaulin to avoid excessive water loss. It is best to use ventilated wagons for railway transportation. If you choose shipping, it is best to keep ginger in a well-ventilated low temperature state for no more than 30 days.
The planting technique of Jerusalem artichoke is 1. Land selection: It should be planted in plain area, with convenient irrigation and drainage, deep plough layer and good fertility. It is in neutral or slightly alkaline soil below 2500m above sea level. Wheat, beans, corn or vegetables are preferred to avoid continuous cropping with Compositae or potato crops.
2. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application: after the previous crop is harvested, it is ploughed deeply in the sun in time to make the soil mature, absorb rainwater to increase moisture and eliminate weeds, and the tillage depth is 25-30cm；; Combined with the previous autumn ploughing in beginning of autumn, 3000 ~ 4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure was applied to the water surface of 667 square meters (1 mu), 667 square meters of dry land was applied with decomposed farmyard manure 1500 ~ 2000 kg, and 40 kg of NPK compound fertilizer was applied to every 667 square meters.
3. Sowing time: Sowing can be done in spring and autumn. Spring sowing time is from late March to early April, and autumn sowing time is from late September to early June 10.
4. Variety selection: Should we choose high-yield and high-quality varieties without rot and insects? Jade 2? Like other varieties, the weight of seed blocks for sowing should be 30 ~ 50 grams.
5. Tuber treatment: After the seeds are cut into pieces, soak them in 0.8% potassium permanganate solution and disinfect them for about 5 minutes, then take them out and dry them before sowing.
6. Seeding method: Poplar is mostly planted in ridges with ridge height of 15 ~ 20cm, and cultivated by machinery or animal power. The row spacing between Sichuan and Sichuan is 60cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, the sowing amount is 70kg at 667m2, and 2,800 basic seedlings are guaranteed. In mountainous area, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, the sowing amount of 667m2 is 90kg, and 3,800 basic seedlings are guaranteed. Sowing depth is 5 ~ 8 cm, and sandy soil should be sowed deeply. After sowing, cover the soil and suppress it.
7. On-site management:
(1) Seedling management: After the emergence of Populus euphratica, it is necessary to replenish seedlings in time. After all the seedlings are cultivated, intertillage, weed and loosen the soil to a depth of more than 5 cm. When the seedlings grow to 20 ~ 30 cm, combine intertillage weeding, keep 1 ~ 2 strong main stems, and remove the rest.
(2) Growth management:
(1) water. Ginger is drought-tolerant, but it needs sufficient soil water supply during tuber expansion. If the soil moisture is sufficient at this time, the yield of ginger tuber can be greatly improved. Generally, tuber swelling water can be poured in the first half of September.
② Topdressing. On the basis of applying sufficient basic fertilizer, when the plant height reaches 10 cm, apply 5 kg of urea combined with 667 square meters of intertillage to weed; In the first ten days of September, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 time was used to remove the lateral branches extracted from the middle and lower parts of the plant during the tuber expansion period, so as to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light transmission.
(3) Maturity management: In the late growth stage, the watering amount should be reduced, and the yellow and dense branches and leaves in the middle and lower parts of the plant should be removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occasionally occurs in ginger. If the central diseased plant of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is found, it should be pulled out in time and sprayed with lime or high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue chemicals for disinfection.
8. Harvest, storage and transportation:
(1) Harvesting: In the last ten days of 1 10, when more than 80% of the stems and leaves in the field are dry, cut off the stems and leaves on the ground in time, then dig out the tubers manually or mechanically and classify them according to their size. The small one is the mother seed, and the big one is dried in the shade for 2 ~ 3 days, and then transported or stored after removing impurities.
(2) Storage: When stored in a storage room, the temperature is generally controlled at 0 ~ 4℃ and the relative humidity is 80% ~ 90%; During open burial, the width 1 ~ 1.5m, the depth 1m and the length are not limited. According to the soil conditions, generally buried 2 ~ 3 layers, each layer thickness should not exceed 20 cm, the upper buried to the ground level.
(3) Packaging and transportation: Ginger is generally packaged in plastic woven bags and can be stored for 10 ~ 20 days. Ginger is covered with tarpaulin during transportation to prevent a large amount of water loss and reduce commercialization.
Jerusalem artichoke 1 key points of planting technology. Temperature: Jerusalem artichoke likes a slightly cool and dry climate, which is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant. Tubers germinate at 0 ~ 6℃ and emerge at 8 ~ 10℃. Because the underground tubers of Jerusalem artichoke can survive the winter in the cold northern soil and sprout new plants in the next year, they are often mistaken for perennial crops. Its seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of 65438 0 ~ 2℃. Under the conditions of 18 ~ 22℃ and sunshine 12 hours, it is beneficial to tuber formation. Tubers can safely overwinter in the frozen soil at 25 ~ 30℃. Strong adaptability to soil, high yield can be obtained by cultivation in fertile and loose soil.
2. Propagation method: propagate by tuber. After harvesting tuber in autumn and winter, choose 20-25kg tuber for sowing, or store it in sand for seed preparation. You can also dig out tubers of the right size and sow them after the soil thaws in spring.
3. Sowing: Ginger is a high-yield feed crop. Before sowing, we should dig deep into the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply manure 1000 kg and plant ash1000 kg per mu, thaw the soil in the first half of April and sow. The planting field is about 25 cm deep, the roots are easy to enter the soil, the tubers grow well, and the plants are not easy to fall. The size of the boundary depends on the terrain and irrigation conditions. In rainy areas, the edge should be raised to facilitate drainage and prevent tubers from rotting in the soil. Planting density: row spacing 30 ~ 50 cm, plant spacing 20 cm. Too dense and too thin will affect the output. When sowing, put the fine buds of the root tuber upward, cover the soil by 4 cm, the clay should be shallow and the sand should be deep, and the sowing amount per mu should be 30-40 kg. When sowing, choose 30-40 g healthy tuber and cover it with 5- 10 cm.
4. On-site management:
① intertillage weeding, weeding 2 ~ 3 times at seedling stage, which is beneficial to preserve soil moisture and strengthen seedlings. When the stems and leaves are 30 ~ 50 cm high and cover most of the ground, the growth of weeds can be controlled without weeding, and only a few tall grasses can be pulled up.
(2) topping and bud removal. If the plant grows too vigorously, top it when it is 60 cm high to prevent it from growing in vain. Take off the flower buds at any time in autumn, which is convenient for the tuber to expand and enrich.
(3) water, in case of long-term drought, when the leaves are yellow and wilting, water can be poured once.
(4) Cultivate the soil, such as strong wind in the rain. When ginger falls, it is necessary to prop up the soil in time, dig ditches and drain water to prevent the soil from getting wet.
⑤ Topdressing: In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing is required twice during the growth period. The first time is in late April, applying 7.5 ~ 10 kg of urea per mu to promote the growth of seedlings and produce more new branches and leaves. The second topdressing at the beginning of July, that is, 7.5 ~ 10 kg potassium sulfate or 100 kg plant ash in bud stage, promoted plant health, enhanced lodging resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance, and had a great effect on tuber growth and expansion.