First, how to judge that the baby has a fever?
The child's temperature fluctuates easily. After normal physiological activities such as crying, nursing and exercise, the body temperature will also rise. But generally it will not rise too high, mostly between 37.5℃ and 38.0℃. The temperature rise caused by these reasons will soon return to normal level after exercise. In other words, we can't just use body temperature as an indicator to determine abnormality.
If the child is afraid of the cold, his skin is flushed and burning, his breathing is shallow and fast, he has a headache, dizziness, loss of appetite and his body temperature exceeds 37.5℃, which is called fever.
Further divided into:
37.3℃ ~ 38℃ is low-grade fever.
38.1℃ ~ 39℃ is moderate fever.
39.1℃ ~ 41℃ is high fever.
Exceeding 4 1℃ is ultra-high fever.
Second, how to measure the temperature correctly
The body temperature usually mentioned refers to the body surface temperature. In order to accurately reflect the body temperature, the body surface temperature can usually be measured through the external auditory canal; Or measure temperature through armpit. When the body temperature >; At 38.5℃, it is necessary to cool the child.
The temperature in the oral cavity and * * * is closer to the body temperature. The body temperature is slightly higher than the body surface temperature, so if the mouth temperature or anal temperature exceeds 39℃, the child will be cooled.
When a child has a fever, parents should not be too entangled in which thermometer is more accurate. In fact, the measurement method determines the accuracy of the thermometer. If the armpit temperature is measured, the armpit must form a closed small space, and the accurate body temperature can be obtained by placing the thermometer in the small space. If an ear thermometer is used, the probe must completely seal the external auditory canal in order to obtain accurate ear temperature. Anal temperature measurement is more accurate because it is airtight, but it is not convenient for routine home use.
According to the characteristics of infants, taking into account the factors of quickness, accuracy and safety, the simplest way in the family is to suggest using ear thermometer. Before the measurement, parents gently straighten the auricle outward, block the external auditory canal with the body temperature gun, and then start the measurement. If the measured temperature exceeds 38.5℃, it is necessary to cool the child.
Third, how to help children effectively cool down?
1, antipyretic principle:
The Principle of Fever —— Excerpted from Cui Yutao's Illustrated Family Parenting.
2, baby fever causes and risk ranking:
First cold
No matter common cold or influenza, it is the most common disease for babies. Both bacterial and viral infections are possible.
Symptoms vary, with high or low body temperature, often accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, mild cough and congestion in the pharynx.
Doctors will give "symptom treatment" drugs, plus more rest and plenty of water, which can usually be cured in 3 ~ 5 days.
However, if you don't take care of it properly, you will be in danger of having a high fever above 39℃.
Risk index: (5th place)
The second ear, nose and throat inflammation
Ear, nose and throat problems usually have inflammation, so there will be redness and swelling, which is a viral infection.
Symptoms are changeable, such as fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat (babies usually don't want to eat) and so on.
Doctors will give "symptom treatment" drugs, plus more rest and plenty of water, which can usually be cured in 3 ~ 5 days.
The disease is easy to be complicated with otitis media, otitis media, pneumonia, etc., and there is also a risk of high fever above 39℃.
Risk index: (7th place)
Third place rose rash (acute rash in children)
Named after rose rash virus infection. /kloc-babies around 0/year old are the easiest to get.
The typical symptom is inexplicable high fever (above 39℃), which lasts for about 3 ~ 4 days, and then a rash (at this time, the fever will recede). The rash usually disappears slowly, leaving no scars and no other complications. Parents don't have to worry.
Risk index: (8th place)
The fourth place is vaccinated.
There are many babies who have a slight fever due to vaccination, but it is usually after the injection of "diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus" vaccine that will cause more obvious fever.
If you are unwell or have a cold, it is not suitable to take your baby to get vaccinated to avoid confusing symptoms.
72 hours is the observation period of fever caused by vaccination. If it exceeds 72 hours, it is not a fever caused by vaccine. Parents should make another judgment.
Risk index: (9th place)
The fifth septicemia
It is a disease in which bacteria invade the blood.
It is usually the result of consanguineous marriage, congenital immunodeficiency or the use of high doses of steroids.
Patients with septicemia have a 1/3 chance of meningitis, so the risk ranks second.
Risk index: (2nd place)
The sixth was urinary tract infection.
1 year-old boys and girls are the most common age. Female babies are usually contaminated by stools and diapers; The male baby is caused by vesicoureteral reflux.
In addition to easy to have a fever above 38.5℃, the appearance is not easy to detect.
Because it is a bacterial infection, medical treatment is usually given antibiotics, which takes about 2 weeks to recover.
Possible complications are impaired renal function and pyogenic kidney.
Risk index: (6th place)
The seventh place is encephalitis and meningitis.
Babies from 6 months to 3 years old are the age at which the disease is prone to occur.
The most typical and most threatened symptom is that it is easy to have a high fever above 39℃. And accompanied by mental fatigue, dull eyes, poor appetite, and even cramps.
Seeing a doctor as soon as possible is the only way. At present, the only examination method is to draw the spinal cord. (It's a safe medical practice to be carried out by professionals, so parents don't have to worry. )
Patients hospitalized with encephalitis are usually given drugs to lower brain pressure and antiviral drugs. Patients with meningitis need to be treated with antibiotics, which takes about 2 ~ 3 weeks to recover.
Because there will be invasive complications, such as poor hearing and vision; Lack of intelligence; Neurological dysfunction (cerebral palsy), even death, so the risk ranks first.
Risk index: (No.1 name)
The eighth place is wearing too much, getting toothache and getting hot in summer.
Fever caused by such causes is usually short-lived and non-dangerous, but it is indeed easy for many parents to neglect.
As long as the baby's activity and mental state are good, his appetite is good, and his body has fever, which may just be too much clothing or the indoor temperature is too high. As long as the current situation is improved, there will usually be no overheating problem.
Risk index: None (No.10)
The ninth gastroenteritis complicated with dehydration
It can be divided into two types: bacterial (Salmonella) infection and virus (rotavirus) infection. Symptoms include: vomiting, diarrhea, urination, loss of appetite, poor spirits, fever above 38.5℃ (which may be complicated with dehydration).
The disease must be hospitalized, and it needs to be injected with electrolyte, and its excrement needs special isolation.
The mild condition can be cured in 3 days, but it usually takes 7 ~14 days to get well.
Risk index: (4th place)
Tenth Kawasaki disease
1 year ~1year and a half is the risk group of this disease, and the reason is still unknown.
There are many symptoms, such as high fever lasting for many days above 39℃ ~ 40℃; Jealousy; There are strawberry tongue, cleft lip, swollen hands, feet and limbs on the lips; Lymphedema of neck; And the part where BCG is inoculated will be red and swollen.
If you must be hospitalized, the doctor will first check the heart ultrasound (check whether the coronary artery is enlarged) and then give immunoglobulin treatment. It usually takes10 ~14 days to recover.
After healing, there will be peeling around the limbs and mouth.
Risk index: (3rd place)
3. Effective physical cooling and drug cooling:
Effective Ways to Cool Down —— Excerpted from Cui Yutao Illustrated Family Parenting
Physical cooling: first, ensure the baby's liquid intake as much as possible. Furthermore, under the premise of properly raising the room temperature, it is beneficial to skin heat dissipation to reduce the wearing of the cover as much as possible. It also assists physical cooling, in which, although the skin can be cooled by ice paste or ice bag, the temperature in the body may not be lowered, because the cold skin leads to vasoconstriction, which hinders the heat dissipation in the body. Applying a warm towel to the body and taking a warm bath will cause the skin blood vessels to dilate, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation in the body.
Drug cooling: acetaminophen and ibuprofen are recommended as antipyretics for infants. It is best to use the two drugs alternately when reducing fever. This can reduce the use times of each drug within 24 hours and reduce the side effects of drugs on BB.
In addition, the effect of injection antipyretic is not better than that of oral antipyretic. When you have a fever, give your child an antipyretic injection just to appease anxious parents. The same is true for intravenous infusion, which cannot shorten the time limit of fever by itself.
Fourth, a small diet recipe for a baby with a fever
During the baby's fever, it is suitable for a small number of meals, mainly light and digestible liquid or semi-liquid food.
1 year-old fever baby recipe:
Watermelon juice: If you have no symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea when you have a fever, you can eat fresh watermelon juice, remove seeds from watermelon, extract juice, and dilute it according to the age and needs of children.
Milk replacer: Plant protein such as lotus root starch, which is similar to milk in nutrition, but easy to digest and absorb, can be diluted and drunk according to the age and needs of children.
Mung bean soup: Boil mung beans with water, and then add appropriate amount of sugar or salt. Mung beans have the efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials and removing summer heat, and are full of water and nutrition.
1 year-old fever baby recipes:
Millet porridge: mainly composed of plant protein and carbohydrates, it is not only rich in nutrition, but also moderate in calories, which is most suitable for sick children.
Milk rice soup: Rice soup is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide enough water and calories and is easily digested by the stomach. Moreover, the carbohydrates in rice soup can make casein in milk become molecules that are difficult to digest and absorb. The method of making milk rice soup is very simple, just wash the rice slightly, add water to boil it, filter out the rice residue, and add milk to mix well.