A, purple potatoes can be planted in a few months
Purple potato planting time is generally the same time as the ordinary planting time, Chinese potatoes are generally planted in October to December, next year January to March can be harvested. However, if the climate conditions allow, theoretically all year round can be planted potatoes, the specific cultivation time must be decided according to the local climate.
Second, which places are suitable for planting purple potatoes
Select the terrain is flat, dry, irrigation is convenient, soil texture loose, deep, fertile sandy soil is appropriate. Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hebei and so on. Shandong, Hebei, and other central plains can plant purple potato. Purple potatoes like hot and cold, after sowing the soil temperature needs to be controlled at 10-20 ℃.
Three, purple potato how to plant a high yield
1, preparation for plowing
(1) Selection of land: purple potato is a root crop. Tuber expansion needs deep, loose, good permeability of the soil tillage, so choose the terrain is high and dry, flat topography, drainage is convenient, soil quality loose, deep, fertile sandy soil cultivation is to ensure that the soil base of the yield.
(2) stubble arrangement: purple potato taboo heavy crop and tobacco, eggplant, pepper, sweet potato and other lycopene crops in rotation, it is best to wheat, maize, cabbage, radish, green onions and other crops for the previous crop.
(3) land preparation: purple potato planting land before winter deep plowing, generally deep plowing 25-30cm. early spring fine land preparation, soil fine, no large clods, improve soil water retention capacity.
(4) bottom fertilizer: purple potato high yield like fertilizer, each production of 100 kg of fresh potatoes need 0.50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus 0.20 kg, potassium 0.95 kg, the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is generally 2:1:4. to cattle, sheep, pig, chicken manure, green manure, compost, supplemented by the right amount of chemical fertilizer. Combined with the whole, every 667m2 application of rotted organic fertilizer 3-5ms, calcium phosphate 80-100kg, potassium sulfate fertilizer 15-20kg, urea 15kg.
2, seed potato treatment
(1) seed selection: 20-30 days before planting, select disease-free, no wounds, smooth skin, skin color fresh, more buds, size uniformity, in line with the characteristics of varieties of seed potatoes. Remove deformed, cracked, bud eye necrosis, with disease spots of the potato, each 667m2 seed potato about 120kg
(2) seed potato cutting: germination before sowing, to promote the early emergence of seedlings, to increase the growing period in the field, to improve the yield. Sunbeds, cellars, greenhouses can be used as sprouting places. Place the screened seed potatoes in a light-avoiding environment at 20°C for warm seed germination. Cut the pieces when the sprouts are exposed about 0.5em, and arrange them in the order of sprout eyes. Starting from the end of the potato block, spiral cut in the order of sprout eyes. Finish by dividing the top into two sections. Ensure that each slice has 1-2 strong sprouts on the top, slice evenly, and generally keep the weight of each potato about 25g, and strictly sterilize the knives used for slicing with 75% alcohol.
(3) Pharmaceutical treatment: Soak the cut potatoes in 0.01% boric acid or 500 times 50% carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes, remove and drain dry. Move the shade-dried potato pieces to warm sunlight for 3-5 days. Maintain a temperature of about 15°C to allow the young shoots to green up and firm up.
3, timely sowing
Sowing time varies from region to region. In addition, attention should be paid to reasonable dense planting, sparse planting, the use of two-row cultivation, row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 33cm, every 667m2 stay seedlings about 4000. When planting, according to the size of the plant spacing with a hole opener to play 8-10 depth of the planting hole, the sprout of the potato on top, with fine soil to seal the tight membrane hole.
4, field management
(1) check seedling replenishment: after plowing and grass planting, maintain soil moisture and stabilize ground temperature. Seedlings out of the ground, timely seedling replenishment, from sowing to sealing the ridge before 3-4 times between the film of shallow plowing, so that the soil is loose, improve the ground temperature. At the same time, eliminate weeds between the ridges and cultivate strong seedlings in the field.
(2) Fertilizer: under the premise of adequate bottom fertilizer, after the field is flush, in order to promote the early occurrence of seedlings, you can spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the foliage 2-3 times, according to the growth of seedlings, from the group stage to the plant monopoly before the watering of additional 15-20kg of urea per 667m2.
(3) Removal of flower buds: the potato begins to swell during the present bud stage The flower buds are now in the rapid expansion period, when the flower buds should be removed immediately to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the development of potatoes.
(4) anti-flatulence: spray 30kg of water with 5 percent of 15g of doxorubicin, the effect is good.
(5) water management: before buds, mainly with soil moisture to provide water for plants, master not dry watering buds, purple potatoes into the tuber expansion period, should be immediately watered to keep the soil moist, generally every 15d watering, watering, watering to pay attention to do not let the water overflow the back of the ridge, so that the soil sloughing, to improve the yield and quality.
(6) control of pests and diseases: purple potato fertile period is prone to late blight and virus disease. Preventing and controlling late blight can be done by 3-4 times of foliar spraying with agents such as Dupont Clorox, agro-streptomycin or dicenmuangnzinc: after the flowering period, use 50% carbendazim or 40% ethylphosphine-aluminum 500 times liquid spraying, spraying 2-3 times every 7-10d. To prevent virus disease you can use 20% virus A 500 times liquid or 1.5% phytophthora 800 times liquid spray. The main pests are pests, pests, groundhogs, aphids and cucurbits, and the implementation of pollution-free control techniques. Use frequency vibration insecticidal bait to kill adult insects, use 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times liquid or 25% trichlorfon emulsion 500 times liquid spray or irrigation, use 50% phoxim emulsion l000 times liquid or 10% pyraclostrobin 2500 times liquid spray to control aphids and 28 star ladybug beetle.
5, timely harvest
(1) purple potato plant most of the stems and leaves from green to yellow wilting, stolon contraction is easy to detach from the tuber is a sign of maturity, this time it should be harvested in time to avoid underground pests.
(2) Harvesting should try to avoid rainy weather, choose sunny days and low soil moisture when carried out, try to avoid mechanical damage, improve the commercialization, the use of field grading packaging, effectively improve economic efficiency.