In order to obtain high yield, we must choose strong seedlings with pure varieties and no pests and diseases. In addition, the variety and yield of early-maturing varieties are good, and the advantages of varieties can also be realized through grafting technology. The seedlings with Fructus Aurantii as rootstock have shorter plants, higher fruits and higher yield. The seedlings with lime as the rootstock are tall and erect, and bear fruit late.
Therefore, the height of grafting interface should reach 0.6 cm and 50 cm, and it is better to have more than three complete branches and complete roots, so as to graft high-quality varieties.
2. Reasonable close planting
Shatangju itself has the characteristics of early maturity and high yield. Reasonable close planting and planned use of early land can improve the orchard yield by this method. When planting, choose loose, fertile and moist soil environment, plant 200-300 plants per mu, and plant spacing is about 2×1.5m. In addition, production practice shows that dwarf and close planting is also an important technology to realize early fruiting and high yield.
3. Young tree management
Shatangju is a young tree period from planting to flowering, which generally lasts for 2 years. What we should do at this time is to strengthen the nutrition of trees, cultivate the crown and root system, and prune them reasonably. Pruning should be carried out after planting, and 5-6 short branches should be left on the main branches to strengthen fertilizer and water management and promote the germination of new shoots. After the new branches germinate, 3-4 branches with consistent growth and uniform distribution should be selected as auxiliary main branches, and then cut short after the new branches mature to promote the growth of new branches, and so on for many times to form a crown.
Summer is the peak period for young trees to grow, so in order to bear fruit early, it is necessary to smear buds and promote branches to make summer shoots evenly distributed. In the second year, reasonable pruning was mainly used to enlarge the crown, and the amount of fertilization at the tip stage was more than twice that in the first year, which promoted the early formation of the crown.
4. Management of Results Period
After young tree management, the crown of Shatangju has basically taken shape, and it begins to bear fruit in the third year, and the fifth year is the full fruit period. The most important thing in this period is to protect flowers and fruits. Shatangju has a large number of flowers, but it is easy to fall off. Therefore, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time during flowering to protect flowers. Foliage fertilizer is mainly made of borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with water to make dissolved oxygen for spraying.
In addition to falling flowers, there are two kinds of natural physiological fruit drop of Shatangju, especially the second one is large. At this time, after most of the flowers have withered, gibberellic acid should be sprayed on the whole garden to protect the fruit. When the physiological fruit drop is still serious, circumcision can be carried out to promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality.
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soil management
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard. It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions.
Fertilizer and water management
(1) Fertilization principle: It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood oranges for various nutrient elements, advocate more application of organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
(2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
(3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0.
Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
(4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates.
Principle of plastic trimming
1, adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and suppress, ventilate and transmit light, and achieve three-dimensional results.
2, plastic surgery (natural and happy appearance). The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group.
prune
(1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.
(2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu.
(3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.
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Baidu encyclopedia-sugar orange