Rambutan, also known as Litchi pubescens, is native to Malaysia and belongs to the genus Oligopyrum of Sapindaceae, with 36 species. It is a tropical perennial evergreen fruit tree and one of the famous fruits in Southeast Asia. Rambutan is a tropical perennial evergreen arbor plant and a famous tropical fruit. There are not many places suitable for planting in China, and it is a rare fruit. Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute of Hainan Province successfully introduced and tried planting in 1960s, and it has been cultivated for decades. Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree with great economic value. Enjoy a high reputation in the market, the price is also very high. It has certain adaptability to Hainan, and the southern and southeastern regions are suitable for planting rambutan with high yield and excellent quality. It is a tropical fruit tree with great development prospect.

Distribution: Rambutan is native to Malay Archipelago and has been widely cultivated in Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnam. In China, rambutan can be planted in a large area in Hainan Province, and Baoting County, which belongs to the mountain rainforest climate, is the most suitable. Other places such as Sanya, Lingshui, Ledong and other cities and counties are only partially planted.

Maturity Hainan began to mature from late August to 65438+ 10 of the following year.

Functional rambutan fruit is nutritious and can be eaten fresh or canned. In addition, it can also be used to make candied fruit, jam, jelly and wine. Seeds contain 37% fat, and oil can be used to make soap; Bark and roots contain tannins and saponins, and new branches can be used as dyes. In addition, fruit trees can also be used as ornamental trees in gardens.

Rambutan, a nutritional component, is beautiful in appearance and rich in nutrients, and is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral elements. The edible part of the main varieties accounts for 465,438+0%-47.3%, which is sweet to sour, with litchi or grape flavor and delicious taste.

Types and varieties

There are many varieties of rambutan, which are divided into red fruit, yellow fruit and pink fruit according to the color of the peel, and two according to whether the pulp and seeds fall off.

The clones selected by Baoting Hot Cropping Research Institute in Hainan Province and popularized in production are BR 1, BR2, BR3, BR4 and BR 14.

Verb (short for verb) Harvest, process and sell.

Take the change of fruit color as the main sign of harvest. Red fruit varieties change from green to red, crimson or pink, and yellow fruit varieties can be harvested from green to yellow or orange.

Rambutan is less cultivated in China, so it can be developed appropriately to increase fruit-colored varieties in the market.

Edit this paragraph rambutan-edible value

Rambutan is beautiful in appearance, rich in nutrition, rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral elements, and the edible part of the main varieties accounts for 465,438+0%-47.3%, with sweet to sour taste, litchi or grape flavor and delicious taste. Rambutan pulp contains glucose and sucrose, and is rich in vitamin C, amino acids, carbohydrates and various minerals such as phosphorus and calcium. Its nature is sweet, and its flesh is sweet, sweet, plump and juicy. Some people call it China Lingnan Litchi, which is also another name for Litchi.

Nutritional value of rambutan: Long-term consumption can moisturize and beautify, clear away heat and toxic materials, and enhance human immunity. Rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin C, rambutan fruit is nutritious and can be eaten fresh or canned. In addition, it can also be used to make candied fruit, jam, jelly and wine.

How to eat rambutan in Hainan: Rambutan is like a hairy litchi. It tastes similar to litchi, and the pulp is similar. Eat rambutan slowly and gently with your teeth layer by layer. Impatient and energetic, the membrane is broken and the membrane is connected.

Edit this paragraph and pay attention to eating rambutan.

Rambutan is a tropical fruit with mild nature, delicate and juicy pulp, sweet and sour taste, rich in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin C, unique appearance and similar taste to litchi, so it is also called hairy litchi. The Malay name is rambutan, and the Chinese literal translation is "the fruit of hair". Rambutan is only distributed in Hainan in China, mainly relying on imports from Southeast Asia. The storage and transportation cycle is relatively long, and its own fresh-keeping ability is relatively poor, so we should pay attention to many problems when selecting.

First, the fresh rambutan is bright red and slightly blue, and the hair on the shell is soft and tough, while the shell is dark for a long time, so it will feel hard to touch the hair on the shell with your hands;

Second, rambutan's shell is thicker than litchi, and peeling it with nails will hurt your fingers and it is not hygienic. The correct way is to hold it up and down with both hands and unscrew it like a bottle cap;

Third, although the pulp of rambutan is close to litchi, its nutritional value and taste are far inferior to litchi. You should not eat more at the same time. Eat as soon as possible when you buy it, so as not to provoke mosquitoes.

Fourth, the most important thing is that there is a hard and brittle protective film on the core of rambutan, which is closely connected with the pulp. This kind of membrane is indigestible in the stomach, and eating it in the stomach will cut the inner wall of the stomach. So remind everyone here that this film must be removed when eating, and don't "swallow dates"!

Rambutan must be stored in cold storage or refrigerator at the best temperature of 0-5.

Edit this paragraph rambutan-economic value

Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree with great economic value. Enjoy a high reputation in the market, the price is also very high. It has certain adaptability to Hainan, and the southern and southeastern regions are suitable for planting rambutan with high yield and excellent quality. It is a tropical fruit tree with great development prospect.

Tall tropical arboreal fruit tree of Sapindaceae, with thick and branched trunk, round and spreading crown, dense and even branches, dark green leaves, spherical fruit, single fruit weighing 44 grams, thick and short bristles, thin skin and thick flesh, sallow flesh color, translucent, sweet, crisp and juicy, fragrant, separated meat core, nearly long oval or oval seeds, and soft thorns on the fruit handle. Flowers bloom from February to April every year, and June to August is the mature picking season. The fruit yield of 20-year-old trees can reach 100~ 125 kg.

Rambutan fruit should be eaten raw or processed into various products. The meat is crisp, juicy and nutritious. Its core contains nearly 37% oil and is suitable for making soap. Its roots and bark contain tannins and saponins, the new branches can be used as dyes, and the tree shape can be used as ornamental trees. The shell is rich in pigment and is a good dye. With different mordant dyeing methods, it can be dyed into yellow, army green and brown.

Rambutan cultivated in Baoting is composed of red fruit and yellow fruit. According to the color of peel, the length of bristles, the thickness of peel, the difficulty and quality of separating pulp from seeds, some excellent varieties were preliminarily screened out. The main cultivated varieties are: ① Baoyan 1 (br- 1) ② Baoyan No.2 (br-2) ③ Baoyan No.3 (br-3) ④ Baoyan No.4 (br-4) ⑤

Edit this paragraph of rambutan-Baoting rambutan

Baoting is the largest rambutan production base in China. In 2006, during the Hainan Qixian Hot Spring Swimming Festival, tourists tasted the tropical fruits of Baoting and praised Baoting's vision in developing characteristic economy. In recent years, Baoting has made every effort to implement the development strategy of "establishing a county by ecology, enriching the people by tropical high-efficiency agriculture", based on the development idea of "three reds, two greens and one brand" and relying on high-quality resources, it has made every effort to create a characteristic agricultural economy of "no one has me, people have me early, and people have me superior", forming a short-board poverty alleviation industry with winter melons and vegetables and aquaculture as the main industries and rambutan, early-maturing litchi and high-quality longan as the main products. According to reports, in Baoting's "three reds, two greens and one brand" characteristic economy, "three reds" refers to the development of rambutan, March red litchi and ruby tilapia, "two greens" refers to the protection of green mountains and green waters and the development of green food, and "one brand" refers to the good brand of Qixianling. At present, the county has planted 40,000 mu of rambutan, 20,000 mu of early-maturing litchi "March Red", high-quality early-maturing longan 1 10,000 mu, and 2 million ruby tilapia. It embodies the characteristic advantages of "people without me have rambutan, people have my early March red lychee, and people have my early-maturing longan". The experimental results of Hainan Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute and the production practice in the whole county prove that Baoting is the only area suitable for planting rambutan in China. So far, the county has planted 33,000 mu of rambutan, initially forming a characteristic industry of "no one has me". The listing time is from May to August, in which July is the peak, the output is 120 tons, and the price is about 3- 15 yuan/kg.

Edit this paragraph rambutan-cultivation techniques

Rambutan is a tropical perennial evergreen arbor plant and a famous tropical fruit. There are not many places suitable for planting in China, and it is a rare fruit. Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute of Hainan Province successfully introduced and tried planting in 1960s, and it has been cultivated for decades. Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree with great economic value. Enjoy a high reputation in the market, the price is also very high. It has certain adaptability to Hainan, and the southern and southeastern regions are suitable for planting rambutan with high yield and excellent quality. It is a tropical fruit tree with great development prospect. After decades of production and cultivation research, the scientific and technical personnel of Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute have summed up a set of high-yield cultivation experience of rambutan. In order to adapt to Hainan Qiongnan area, give full play to its unique natural advantages and vigorously develop high-efficiency agriculture of rambutan, the cultivation significance, cultivation history and distribution, main cultivated varieties, environmental conditions and propagation techniques of rambutan are introduced as follows:

First, the economic significance of rambutan planting

Rambutan has long economic life and high output. Rambutan was introduced from Malaysia on 1960 in the herbarium of Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute. The seedlings in their forties are still growing vigorously, and there is no sign of growth decline. It is estimated that their economic life span is at least 50 years, even comparable to litchi, and the highest yield per plant is 250 kg. Well-run Rambutan Garden, the average yield of budding trees can reach 1.80 kg in more than ten years, and the yield per mu can reach 1.600 kg, with considerable income. Rambutan fruit is usually eaten raw as a fruit, and can also be used as a drink or canned sugar water. The flesh is yellowish white, translucent, juicy, crisp, sweet or sour, or fragrant. According to the analysis, the pulp ratio is 3 1.0~60.2%, total solids 14.0~22.2%, sugar 3.6 1~6.25%, citric acid 0.39~ 1.53%, and vitamin C/kloc. Rambutan is an excellent variety with large fruit, thin skin, small kernel, thick meat and crisp, sweet and delicious meat. Pruned rambutan leaves, flowers and fruits are beautiful, and can also be planted as garden greening and courtyard tree species. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop rambutan production, provide fruits for domestic and foreign sales, meet the needs of people at home and abroad, and accumulate funds for the country.

Second, the history and distribution of rambutan cultivation

Rambutan originated in the Malay Peninsula and is currently cultivated in tropical Asia and Central America. Its origin is centered on the Malay Peninsula, reaching the Sri Lankan lowlands in the west and Indian zhina Peninsula, Indonesian, Philippine and Hawaiian in the east. 1900 was introduced to French colonies in Africa. Rambutan is a tropical fruit, which occupies a certain proportion in fruit cultivation in some Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, rambutan is known as the "king of fruits". As one of the most popular fruits, the planting area is 1.23 million mu, and the annual output is1.654,380+0.48 million tons, with an average yield of 657.5 kg per mu. In addition to domestic sales, there are also sales in Japan, Hong Kong and other places. Rambutan in Malaysia has a planting area of 4,800 hectares, and each plant produces 200-300 kilograms of fresh fruit.

Third, the main cultivated varieties

Rambutan is an evergreen arbor plant of Sapindaceae. Rambutan cultivated in Baoting is composed of red fruit and yellow fruit. According to the color of peel, the length of bristles, the thickness of peel, the difficulty and quality of separating pulp from seeds, some excellent varieties were preliminarily screened out. The main cultivated varieties are: ① Baoyan 1 (br- 1) ② Baoyan No.2 (br-2) ③ Baoyan No.3 (br-3) ④ Baoyan No.4 (br-4) ⑤ At present, the technicians of Baoting Thermal Engineering Research Institute have changed the low-yield and inferior rambutan crown into Baoyan No.7 with high yield and high quality through technical improvement. Baoyan 7 is an excellent single plant selected from Team 4 of Baoting Thermal Engineering Research Institute. The tree is tall, the crown is round, the branches are compact and uniform, the fruit is big red, nearly round, weighing 44g, the bristles are thick and short, the skin is thin, the meat is thick, the color is sallow, translucent, sweet, crisp and juicy, fragrant, the meat core is separated, and the seeds are nearly round. The mature period is in the middle and late June, and it is an early-maturing variety. After 20 years, the fruit yield can reach 100~ 125 kg. The tree has high yield, large fruit, thick meat, sweet, crisp, juicy and special fragrance. It is suggested to speed up publicity and promotion in suitable areas.

Fourth, the requirements for environmental conditions.

Temperature is the limiting factor of rambutan cultivation. Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree that needs high temperature, with an average annual temperature of 24℃. Rainfall is one of the main factors that affect the growth and yield of rambutan. The annual rainfall of rambutan is not less than 2,500 ~ 3,000 mm, and rambutan grows well and has high yield under high temperature and high humidity climate conditions. Rambutan requires that the soil should be kept moist for a long time, and irrigation should be provided in areas with insufficient natural rainfall or long and obvious dry season. The annual rainfall of Baoting Thermal Engineering Research Institute is 925.7 ~ 2,482.3mm, with an average of 1.884.8 mm ... which is obvious in dry and wet seasons. It is rainy in May ~ 10, and rainy in June ~1~ April, and the soil is dry, which is not conducive to the flowering and fruiting of rambutan (the flowering period in Baoting area is from February to April). When the flowering period is dry, the flowering is late but not concentrated, and the seed setting rate is low. Rambutan grows well in alluvial soil, sandy loam, red soil or clay loam and soil with high organic matter content, but rambutan planted in poor soil or sandy soil grows poorly. Rambutan cannot be planted in low-lying areas with poor drainage. Rambutan is a tropical fruit tree that likes light. Adult trees have sufficient sunlight, good growth, many flowers and high fruit setting rate. Strong wind is easy to damage rambutan branches and leaves, often causing withering and affecting growth and development.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) breeding technology

Rambutan can be used for seedling propagation and asexual propagation. Although seedling propagation is a means of seed selection, it bears late fruit, has great difference in yield and quality. At the same time, rambutan seedlings are dioecious fruit trees, and the proportion of male plants is 34.2%, which is not conducive to the regionalization of improved fruit trees. Generally, asexual reproduction is adopted in production, including grafting and air layering.

Cultivation characteristics of rambutan

The root system grows fast and the lateral roots are good; The main branches are thick and dense, and the tender tips are brown and rust-colored pubescent; Leaves are even pinnate compound leaves, alternate or opposite; Flowers are terminal or axillary panicles, including male flowers, female flowers and bisexual flowers with female functions. Rambutan fruit is drupe. The growth of rambutan requires the annual average temperature to be above 24℃, the average temperature in Leng Yue to be above 7℃, the annual effective accumulated temperature to be above 8,600℃, the growth to be slow below 20℃, and the freezing injury to occur below 5℃. Rambutan likes light, wet and slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter. Asexual propagation is often used in production, and rambutan seedlings are used as rootstocks. The common diseases of rambutan in Hainan are powdery mildew, algae spot disease and downy mildew, as well as pests such as black-tailed boat moth and brown-edged green thorn moth.