according to the production and cultivation practice in recent years, the high-yield cultivation techniques and main steps of Camellia oleifera are introduced as follows.
generally, the site selection is mountainous red soil, yellow red soil or slightly acidic sandy loam with a ph value of 5-5.6, which has a deep soil layer and is loose and fertile.
sunny and semi-sunny slopes below 5m above sea level should be selected, and the south, east or southeast direction of woodland slope is better, and the middle and down slopes with slopes below 25 are suitable, and it is not suitable for afforestation on both sides of mountain valleys with widths less than 5 m.
Generally, it will be done more than one month before planting. According to the different conditions of afforestation sites, full reclamation and block preparation can be carried out. On the flat land, block preparation can be adopted, and on the steep slope, strip preparation can be adopted. After soil preparation, the planting holes can be dug according to 4 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.
shaping and pruning 1. Young trees should be trimmed when the height of trees is 7-8 cm. Young trees should be trimmed lightly, usually after picking tea seeds or in March-April of the following year, mainly by cutting off budding branches, controlling overgrowth branches, cultivating fruiting mother branches, selecting several strong main branches, and properly pruning foot branches to form a low natural circular crown.
after 4 ~ 5 years, the middle and lower inner supporting branches can grow suitable fruits, but the upper flower buds should be erased.
2. Pruning of adult forest depends on pruning of trees, shaping of branches, thinning, weakening and retaining strength, pruning of older and younger people, and re-pruning in younger years, which makes the forest ventilated and transparent, increases the fruiting surface and improves the yield.
the sunny slope should be cut lightly, the shady slope should be cut more as appropriate, and the crown should be cut again appropriately, and the middle and upper parts should not be cut.
In short, it is not allowed to prune excessively, so as to avoid the imbalance of the tree body, which will lead to excessive sprouting of branches and further affect its growth and development.
At the same time, Camellia oleifera generally blooms and bears fruit at the top, so it is only appropriate to thin branches instead of cutting them short.
Forest management is mainly reclamation, and reclamation methods include belt reclamation, cave reclamation and trench reclamation.
Reclamation time can be divided into winter reclamation and summer reclamation. Generally, the method of one reclamation in three years and one reclamation in one year is adopted. The depth of winter reclamation is 2 ~ 25 cm, and the clods should be turned up to make the grass roots face the sky and the frost will last all winter. Summer reclamation is to eliminate weeds in time, cut off soil capillaries, and increase soil permeability and water storage capacity. Therefore, shallow shovel should be used in summer reclamation, and the depth is generally 1 ~ 15cm.
fertilization methods there are three main fertilization methods for camellia oleifera: strip furrow application, annular furrow application and foliar spraying.
strip furrow application and annular furrow application, that is, shallow furrows or annular fertilization ditches are evenly dug in the forest land along the outer edge of the crown, and fertilizer is evenly spread in the ditches and covered with soil.
In order to avoid fertilizer burn, the fertilizer should be applied far away from the trees, with young trees 15-2 cm away from the trees and big trees 5-6 cm away from the trees, and the quantity should not be too much at a time.
in a word, organic materials should be the main fertilizer for camellia oleifera, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used together, so as to play a coordinating role in each growth and development stage.
Different fertilizers should be used in different periods. Nitrogen fertilizer should be mainly applied to young plants, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be mainly applied to forests, organic fertilizer should be mainly applied in autumn, and quick-acting fertilizer should be mainly applied in spring and summer, and furrow application or hole application should be adopted.