Briefly describe the function, clinical use and adverse reactions of aspirin.
Aspirin can be used clinically in the following situations. The analgesic and antipyretic drug is better than acute pain in treating dull pain. Therefore, the medicine can relieve mild or moderate dull pain, such as headache, toothache, neuralgia, muscle pain and menstrual pain, and can also be used to reduce fever, such as colds and flu. This product can only relieve symptoms, but can't treat the causes of pain and fever. It needs to be treated with other drugs at the same time. Anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic aspirin is the first choice for rheumatic fever. After taking it, it can relieve fever and inflammation, improve joint symptoms and reduce ESR, but it can't eliminate the basic pathological changes of rheumatism and prevent complications such as heart damage. If there is obvious myocarditis, it is generally recommended to use adrenocortical hormone first, and then use this product before stopping the hormone after the rheumatism symptoms are controlled, so as to reduce the rebound caused by the hormone withdrawal. Arthritis In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, this product is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, which can improve symptoms and create conditions for further treatment. In addition, this product can be used for skeletal muscle pain caused by non-rheumatic inflammation such as osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile arthritis, and can also relieve symptoms. The antithrombotic product can inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis. Can be used for preventing transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, artificial heart valve, arteriovenous fistula or thrombosis after other operations. It can also be used to treat unstable angina pectoris. Adverse reactions The dosage usually used to relieve fever and pain rarely causes adverse reactions. However, long-term high-dose medication (such as rheumatic fever), especially when the blood concentration of the drug is greater than 200μ g/ml, is prone to side effects. The higher the blood concentration, the more obvious the side effects. ◆ Common gastrointestinal reactions include nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort or pain (caused by direct stimulation of gastric mucosa by this product) (the incidence rate is 3-9%). Rare or rare (incidence < 3%); (1) gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcer, manifested as bloody stool or tarry stool, severe stomachache or vomiting, bloody stool or coffee-like, more common in patients taking large doses of drugs; According to reports, 70% of patients who take 4-6g a day bleed 3- 10 ml a day, and those with ulcers bleed more, which can cause hemorrhagic anemia. There are few gastrointestinal irritation reactions when taking enteric-coated tablets; ② allergic reaction to bronchospasm, characterized by shortness of breath, dyspnea or asthma and chest tightness; ③ Skin allergic reaction, manifested as rash, urticaria, skin itching, etc. ④ The damage of liver and kidney function is related to the dose, especially when the blood concentration reaches 250μ g/ml. This damage is reversible and can be recovered after drug withdrawal.