Enshi Prefecture, the full name of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, has 29 nationalities including Tujia, Miao, Dong, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Yi, Naxi and Zhuang. Among them, Tujia and Tujia culture occupy an important position in Enshi.
Tujia nationality has a long history and is a descendant of far Cubans. Ba people first lived in Jianghan Plain. Later Chu people were strong, Ba and Chu contended, and Ba people failed.
Ba people retreated to Qingjiang, and their influence reached eastern Sichuan. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Ba people established the first slave vassal state, Bazi State, but it was quickly destroyed by Qin State. Some Ba people retreated to Wuling area and merged with other local tribes to form Tujia nationality.
In the long river of history, after the continuous migration of Ba people formed Tujia nationality, the Tusi system and Tusi culture were opened, and Tusi City was established.
There is an antique Tusi City in the northwest of Enshi City, covering an area of 2 15 mu, including the gatehouse, the Dong wind and rain bridge, the Linjun Temple, the school yard, the Tujia folk houses, the Tusi Palace, the Jiujin Hall, the city wall, the bell tower, the Drum Tower, the Baihua Garden, the white tiger statue, the Crouching Tiger Iron Bridge and other buildings, which can be called the only one with the largest scale in China.
When I first saw it, I thought of the Moda Building in Xuanen County. Although the scale is not very grand, the shape is very similar. Moda Building has both the traditional architectural and cultural factors of Tujia nationality and the historical and cultural imprint of Shinan Tusi.
There is also Tusi City in Enshi City with this cultural factor and imprint, but its scale, engineering and style are the largest and the only one in China. According to local friends, Tusi City was built by imitating the ruins of Tangya Tusi City.
It is worth mentioning that the Tangya Tusi City site is the third world cultural heritage in Hubei Province, but it is very low-key and many people have never heard of it.
Although, I myself have never witnessed the grand scale of the ruins of Tangya Tusi City, enshi tusi castle in front of me makes up for a little regret.
The Tusi City Gate Building is 25 meters high and 12 meters wide. It is a wooden building with a pure tenon-mortise structure, which shows its preciousness. It not only shows the cultural elements of Tusi architecture, but also permeates the traditional crafts of ancient buildings in China. Such a project was not built in a day.
Looking up, the doors and windows of the gatehouse are composed of 200 doors, 189 hollow carved patterns. At the top of it, there is a bat arch holding an ancient coin, which means "happiness is in sight". Bats are blessed together, which is also very common in Han culture.
After walking through this gate house, you entered Tusi City, put on Tujia costumes, and started a time-travel journey.
The chieftain system is a political organization system established by the central feudal dynasty, which belongs to the central government and is a political management system of power autonomy. Tusi should pay tribute to the central feudal dynasty regularly, and the central dynasty conferred titles on Tusi and granted autonomy.
This was carried out for more than 450 years from Yuan Dynasty to Yongzheng 13 in Qing Dynasty. With the implementation of the Qing Dynasty's "changing the soil into the stream", the toast system was abolished.
Although the local chieftain paid tribute to the central feudal dynasty, the central feudal dynasty paid no attention to it. Tusi land is not included in the territory of the feudal central dynasty, and the population is not included in the household registration of the feudal central dynasty. Life and death are in the hands of the dominant party, and the Tusi king can be called the local local local tyrant.
Tusi Wang handles government affairs in Tusi City every day, including daily life, and has subordinate government offices, institutions, security teams and grass-roots political power. Tusi City is like a palace. It is grand and spectacular, and it has the reputation of "Small Forbidden City in Hubei".
Among them, Wangfu Jiujin Hall is the core part of the whole Tusi City, which is composed of 333 pillars, 333 stone pillars, 330 doors, more than 90 windows, thousands of carved wooden windows, thousands of purlins and tens of thousands of rafters.
Looking up, the layers are stacked, and the corners and eaves of the pavilions are flying, high and low, strewn at random, showing majestic, majestic and magnificent. Jiujintang is actually the most important Tusi Imperial City in Tusi City.
In addition, there is such a seemingly insignificant but very important building in enshi tusi castle, which is Linjun Temple.
Lin Jun Temple worships Lin Jun, the ancestor of Tujia people, who later turned into a white tiger, so the white tiger has become one of the totems worshipped by Tujia people.
Linjun Temple is a three-story, three-step, heavy-eaves gallery-like building, facing east from west, and standing on the mountainside, with majestic momentum. According to legend, Lin Jun is the son of a Ba surname named Ba Wuxiang. Because the day will be handed down to Sri Lanka, Ba Wuxiang became the leader of the Ba people and led them to create another foundation.
When passing through a place called Yanyang, she was attracted by a local saltwater goddess, who adored Bawu Xiang and hoped that he could stay in Yanyang and open up land. However, Ba Wu Xiang thought that the salt sunny land was small and not the place where Ba people lived for a long time, so he had to live up to the goddess' wishes and insisted on leaving.
The goddess was furious and cast spells to block Bawu Xiang's way with countless flying insects. Bawu Xiang learned from a painful experience and shot the goddess with an arrow.
Later, Ba Wuxiang led the Ba people to settle in Enshi, which was called Yicheng in ancient times, and established the Ba country, which was respected as a monarch and turned into a white tiger after his death. Since then, Lin Jun has become the god of life revered by Ba people and Tujia people's descendants from generation to generation.
For the legendary spoony goddess of salt water, it is said that she and Lin Jun are a couple. Later generations felt the kindness of the goddess to boil salt to save the world, so they also made a statue of the goddess to accompany Lin Jun, calling the goddess the Goddess of Virtue.
About their story interpretation, there was a performance in Tenglongdong, Lichuan City. The actor's handling of the role and the stage effect showed the historical legends, which made people moved. The ending of Lin Jun and the goddess of salt water teaches people that "the meaning is difficult to be flat".