In the border area between China and the Soviet Union in the northeast and east of China, Hutou's military strategic position is extremely important. It happens to be located in the center of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok, and it strangles the throat of the USSR's Far East Ussuri Railway. In addition, Hutou is also a shortcut for Soviet troops from the Far East to enter the hinterland of Northeast China. Therefore, the Japanese Kwantung Army took the Hutou fortress as a strategic base for attacking the Soviet Union and built a large-scale military fortress project in this area.
1933 Manchuria Railway began to build the Hulin Railway from Linkou to Hutou via Mishan. Through this railway, the Japanese army can directly reach the Hutou fortress area, a border point, from Harbin, a major town in the north. At the same time of building this railway, 1934, the kwantung army began to build the Hutou fortress. From the fortress, you can see the Siberian Railway, the Iman Railway Bridge and Iman City on the southeast high hill 6 kilometers away in the Soviet Union. When the Siberian Railway came face to face with Tiger Head, it was exposed because it entered the plain area.
Hutou Fortress is located in the hills around Hutou Town, Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province, with an elevation of100-150m, west of Huoshishan train gun position, and east of Wusuli River across the bank from Iman City, Russia. Lianzi Mountain in the south and Hubei Mountain in the north. The center of the whole fortress consists of five positions: Tiger Mountain, Tiger North Mountain, Tiger East Mountain, Tiger West Mountain and Tiger Whistling Mountain. Tiger Mountain is the main position, divided into three parts: east, middle and west, with an elevation of 1 14.3 meters and a relative height of more than 50 meters. It is surrounded by marshes, forming an impassable natural barrier.
Tiger Mountain position is the central part of Tiger Head Fortress, and it is the seat of Japanese garrison headquarters. The underground works take the middle Tiger Mountain as the core and extend to the east and west Tiger Mountain, with a length of 8 kilometers. The underground military facilities here are large in scale, complex in structure and complete in facilities. There are command posts, communication rooms, barracks, general schools, kitchens, bathrooms, grain depots, ammunition depots, medical clinics, power stations, toilets, sewers and wells. There are observation stations, bunkers, shafts, ventilation openings and counterattack openings leading to the ground, and traps and shooting openings are arranged at the key pass of the access passage.
The position of Hubei Mountain is adjacent to Wusuli River in the east and an open swamp in the southwest, which forms the northeast protective barrier of the main position of Tiger Mountain and guards the northern wing of Tiger Mountain. Hudong Mountain is an independent hill with an elevation of 103.3 meters, which is located in the southeast of the main position of Tiger Mountain and is its southeast avant-garde position. Although the facilities here are small in scale, they are superior to the main position of Tiger Mountain, and all cooking and heating equipment are electrified. At that time, there was only one underground fortress with heating facilities.
Xishan Tiger and Huxiaoshan are located in the west of the main position of Tiger Mountain, and the underground facilities are slightly inferior to the main position. The elevation of Huxi Mountain is 1 19 m, and the elevation of Huxiao Mountain is 144 m. These two places are the backup of the main position of Tiger Mountain, and they are responsible for guarding the military station and stopping enemy troops attacking from the west or south from the swamp behind Tiger Mountain and the Yaoying River line.
In order to resist the bombardment of aerial bombs and large-caliber artillery, all underground fortifications are excavated at the bottom of the mountain, and the top of the underground fortifications is poured with concrete, and the important parts are covered with reinforced concrete, with a thickness of up to 3 meters. On top of the underground fortress, the mountain hills are used to construct a battle bunker and a traffic trench around the mountain to pass through the main positions, forming a ground fortification with a certain depth, which is convenient for plane three-dimensional intersection to exert firepower, and connecting the above-ground and underground military facilities into a whole through entrances and exits, observation stations, shooting holes and communication facilities.
1939 The Hutou Fortress, which was called "the permanent fortress of Beiman" by the Japanese army, was basically completed, while the auxiliary projects such as the sand and stone garrison road network, military camp and officers' dormitory connecting the fortresses were built until 1945. The front of the whole fortress is 100 km, and the depth is 40 km. Underground engineering and tunnels are tens of kilometers long, with 6 resistance hubs, 3 independent resistance support points and 64 command and observation stations. Among them, the largest Tiger Head Resistance Hub has 7 permanent artillery positions, 6 digging artillery positions, 12 permanent machine gun fire launching points, 6 observation posts and 3 steel hat castles per kilometer. The main position tunnel is located 40 meters underground.
The original idea of the Japanese army to build the fortress was to cover 1 army from this attack and support the main Japanese army in front of Suifenhe and Dongning to attack Vladivostok. Stop the Soviet reinforcements from Khabarovsk (Boli) to the south; Interrupt the railway and road transportation of Soviet troops face to face. 1 March, 939/day, the 4th frontier garrison under the command of Major General Cang Mao Zhou Zang was established according to the No.8 order of the Army Command, and it had three infantry brigades (four infantry squadrons per infantry brigade), 1 artillery corps (five artillery squadrons) and 1 engineering corps (.
1939 1 February 25th, according to the military order No.83, three infantry brigades were changed to the 1-3 regional team, and each regional team had four infantry squadrons and1artillery squadron, and the artillery team was changed to two artillery squadrons. 1 February, 940/day, according to the military order No.50, the garrison was expanded, and the artillery squadron 13 (train gun) and the artillery squadron 14 (4 10 mm large-caliber howitzer) were added. At this time, the garrison has jurisdiction over three regional teams 12 infantry squadrons, three artillery brigades 12 artillery squadrons, and the engineering team still has jurisdiction over 1 engineering squadrons.
The total force is about 0.8 million, equipped with 59 guns of various types. There are two 7-type 300mm howitzers (range14.8km), two 45-type 240mm howitzers (range10.3km), two 90-type 240mm railway guns, two 96-type and four 45-type150mm cannons, and eight 9/50mm cannons. 194 1 year-end special performance reached 1.2 million people.
300 mm heavy artillery is threatening the Wusuli River Bridge in Iman (present-day Darinelechensk, Russia). For safety reasons, 1939 the Soviet Union built a brand-new 22km railway branch line, including two bridges. 1 crossed the Waku River (ваку, now known as the Novka River in Mali малинр). Another bridge crosses the Iman River (иман), which is 0/5km away from Japanese heavy artillery/kloc-. In order to defend the Iman area, in 1939, the Soviet army established the Iman fortification area (No.109), which belonged to the 35th Army. In 1940, there were 10 defense hubs and 104 permanent fortifications in this area.
194 1 year, the Soviet army transferred two 1905 type 305mm howitzers (range13.5km) originally deployed in the 9th1company of the coastal artillery of Russia Island to the 22nd independent artillery belonging to the base-building area. 1in August 1945, the Soviet army also transferred the 224th brigade of the powerful howitzer (equipped with 24 б-4 203mm howitzers with a range of17km) to this area. In order to attack strategic locations, the Japanese army delivered the 4 1 0mm heavy howitzer (called the trial-produced 41-year-old howitzer by the Japanese army) to Hutou fortress in1month.
The maximum range of the gun is 20km, the shell is 4m long, the diameter of the shell is 400mm, the length is 1 .2m, the maximum charge is1ton, and there are 200 shells. The muzzle is directed at the Iman Railway Bridge and Lazo Water Tower in the southeast Soviet Union, trying to destroy the Soviet transport line and lifeline in one fell swoop. The position of this giant gun is a circular ring wall structure, and the upper part is covered with a hemispherical turret. The ring wall is 15 m high, and the exposed part is 5 m high, 30 m in diameter and 4 m in thickness. The ring wall is provided with a gun door with a width of 3 m, which is opened and closed by a steel plate with a thickness of 200 mm.
The total weight of the gun is 3 18 tons, the barrel length is 13.455 meters, the high-low firing range is -5 to 75 degrees, the directional firing range is 360 degrees, the projectile weight is 1 ton, the initial velocity of the projectile is 580 meters per second, and the range is 20 kilometers. At the same time, a train gun position has been built in Firestone Mountain, 30 kilometers west of Hutou Town.
The original base was located in Hutou. Because of its long range and strong maneuverability, it was moved to Huoshi Mountain. 1July, 945 10, the Japanese army cancelled the 4th frontier garrison and transferred its main force to the 22nd division. According to the military orderNo. 106, theNo. 15 Frontier Garrison, under the command of Daisuke Nishiwara, was established with the main force of the original No.3 Regional Team of the 4th Frontier Garrison as the backbone, and it has four infantry squadrons, two artillery squadrons, 1 train artillery squadron, 1 rapid-fire artillery squadron and
The equipped heavy guns are 1 door 4 10/0mm howitzers, 2 7-type 300mm howitzers, 2 90-type 240mm railway guns, 2 45-type 240mm howitzers, 2 96-type and 4 45-type150mm cannons and 2 38-type 75mm field guns. On the eve of the Soviet attack, the artillery squadron withdrew to Mudanjiang face to face.