Focus 1: How to supervise the production process?
In response to the combination of clearing and blocking, the passing rate of sampling inspections in the production areas is relatively high
The current quality and safety supervision of aquatic products in the production areas is based on the general principle of government leadership and territorial jurisdiction, with hierarchical responsibilities and joint efforts. ***Tube. The Ministry of Agriculture conducts random inspections twice a year on the quality and safety of aquatic products from the production areas.
In order to ensure that farmers do not use prohibited veterinary drugs and do not use restricted veterinary drugs beyond the standards, the Ministry of Agriculture has strengthened its work in two aspects: sparing and blocking. In terms of water conservation: First, create a healthy aquaculture demonstration farm. The second is to strengthen epidemic monitoring and early warning and forecasting, and actively guide fishermen to improve disease prevention capabilities through improved breeds, methods and improved water ecological environment, and reduce the use of veterinary drugs. The third is to promote breeding enterprises and professional cooperatives to establish and improve quality and safety self-control systems such as water quality monitoring, production records, scientific use of drugs and certificate of origin.
In terms of blocking: First, random quality and safety supervision and spot checks are carried out for key varieties and sensitive drugs. The second is to carry out the verification of rapid detection products for aquatic drug residues, provide technical means to support various regions to strengthen supervision of seedlings and production links, and actively promote qualified regions to carry out pilot projects for origin access, market access and quality and safety traceability.
Various localities have also strengthened supervision. For example, the number of samples for quality and safety testing of agricultural products in Guangzhou reaches 960,000 each year, and daily agricultural product quality and safety monitoring is implemented in the planting and breeding process, as well as a number of routine monitoring and special testing.
According to data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, after random inspections, the passing rate of drug residue monitoring in aquatic products in 2011 reached 98.3; the passing rate of chloramphenicol monitoring continued to remain above 99, and the passing rate of malachite green monitoring reached 98.7 ; In 2011, there were no aquatic product quality and safety incidents caused by problems in the breeding process. In 2011, my country's aquatic product exports reached US$17.79 billion, an increase of 28.7% over the previous year.
Focus 2: How is the circulation process performed?
Response: Transportation is scattered, sales threshold is low, and supervision is difficult.
It is understood that aquatic products involve multiple links of production, transportation, and sales. At present, the agricultural department is responsible for the safety of aquatic products in the breeding process; the quality inspection department is responsible for the safety of aquatic product processing; the industrial and commercial department is responsible for market safety; and the food and drug department is responsible for catering safety. There is a lack of supervision between aquatic products leaving the place of production and entering the market. This problem is more serious in large cities where consumers consume it, because local aquatic products are often unable to be self-sufficient and can only be trafficked over long distances. However, no department has provided reporters with relevant practices and information about the situation during the trafficking process and the situation when the aquatic products enter the market. data.
At the same time, the cost of market testing of aquatic products is relatively high, requiring samples, consumables and specialized talents, and some aquatic product markets do not have the conditions.
Some markets in Shanghai will use test strips to test the formaldehyde content of aquatic products; whether hormone drugs are used in fresh food needs to be tested by professional instruments and talents, which is not possible in some aquatic product markets.
Wu Guanghong, deputy director of the Jiangsu Provincial Aquatic Products Quality Inspection Center, said that a rapid testing room has been established in an aquatic product wholesale market in Jiangning, Nanjing, which accounts for 70% of the city’s aquatic product trading volume, and more than 2,000 samples were tested last year. In the future, more testing batches will be added.
In the regular aquatic products market in Guangdong, the aquatic products entering the market every day are randomly inspected by the market itself. Usually, each market has a set of testing equipment and is equipped with one to several testing personnel. Due to limitations in technical conditions and capabilities, Some residue tests cannot be done.
Beijing requires that aquatic products entering the Beijing market must be inspected by an aquatic animal disease monitoring department with inspection qualifications at or above the county level. Each batch of aquatic products must provide a county-wide inspection certificate and place of origin in units of up to 1,000 trucks. prove. Aquatic product wholesale markets should be equipped with monitoring facilities to carry out self-inspections, and at the same time, regularly entrust aquatic product quality inspection agencies to conduct sampling inspections. Aquatic product origins with unqualified test results three times within six months will be withdrawn from the region and will not be allowed to enter the Beijing market.
Focus 3: How to ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products?
In response to strengthening supervision and establishing aquatic product safety traceability system
Talking about the difficulties in aquatic product safety management, Shen Yi, deputy director of the Jiangsu Provincial Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, said that the first is to cover a wide range of big. All producers and operators cannot be included. Second, regulatory power is insufficient. Currently, there are 12 testing institutions in Jiangsu Province. Routine testing is usually handled locally, but it feels like there are not enough manpower. Generally, there is only one person responsible for testing in towns and villages, who is responsible for testing all agricultural products. Third, relevant laws stipulate the monitoring of enterprises and cooperatives, but for a large number of individual farmers, supervision is still relatively difficult.
Jiangsu is currently establishing a safety traceability system for aquatic products. From the cultivation of Taihu crab seedlings to the cultivation of adult crabs, the entire process is monitored electronically. A barcode traceability system is adopted. Export products adopt a QR code traceability system. The entire process of market transportation and export can be queried via the Internet, SMS or voice. Demonstration products shall implement production file records, medication withdrawal periods, packaging labeling, quality and safety traceability, and origin approval systems in accordance with the law.
In Taishan, Guangdong, Xu Liming, president of the Guangdong Eel Association, has established a strict inspection and quarantine system at the breeding base used to raise eels for export. Every medication and feeding is fully recorded, and the records are kept for two years. In order to facilitate inspection and quarantine departments to conduct detailed inspections at any time. The base has purchased a full set of monitoring and inspection equipment, detects residues in accordance with the requirements of the inspection and quarantine department, and reports to the inspection and quarantine department. From the breeding base to the export port, the transportation vehicle uses a closed transport vehicle equipped with a GPS system, and the inspection and quarantine department adds a seal. If there is any abnormality during the transportation, the inspection and quarantine department will be informed immediately.
The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Panyu Wuhusihai Seafood Market, which mainly caters to the domestic market, that the aquatic product market is also equipped with inspection and quarantine equipment, and routine inspections are carried out in the market every day, but the scale, means, technical conditions and capabilities , and the intensity of random inspections cannot be compared with export inspection and quarantine.
The strict supervision of exported aquatic products is in sharp contrast to the supervision of domestically sold aquatic products. Can we learn from the export inspection and quarantine system to establish an effective domestic market supervision system? In this regard, Zhang Shujuan, a staff member of the Panyu Branch of the Guangdong Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, introduced that the strict supervision of export inspection and quarantine is based on the production base. The production bases of large breeding households are large-scale, the production process is standardized, and it is easy to supervise; but the vast majority of the domestic market Relying on the one-household production model, the production entities are too complex. If the supervision method of export agricultural products is to be transplanted to domestically sold agricultural products, the regulatory authorities must take targeted measures to solve the problem of how to supervise decentralized farmers.
How to strengthen the quality supervision of agricultural products under the current conditions? According to relevant departments, my country's food safety supervision implements a segmented management system. In 2010, the State Council established the Food Safety Committee, which has increased comprehensive coordination efforts. In the arrangement of some major activities and the investigation and handling of major cases, various departments and links have The connection between them is closer. Regarding some of the existing regulatory gaps, departments in various places are actively exploring and strengthening the linkage mechanism between departments, regions, and upper and lower levels, and strive to form a situation of joint efforts to regulate. Some local governments have also made detailed regulations on some issues with unclear boundaries based on local realities, clarifying regulatory departments and implementing regulatory responsibilities.