North papaya is rich in saponins, malic acid, vitamin C, pectin and other nutrients needed by the human body. Chaenomeles speciosa can be used as medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis, leg cramps, backache and other symptoms. Moreover, papaya has the effect of digestion, which can be used to treat indigestion. However, because papaya contains malic acid and citric acid, it is an acidic food, so it is not suitable for people with hyperacidity.
2. The edible value of papaya in the north.
Papaya is also a very popular medicinal diet in the north, and Xuanpapaya stew is a well-known delicacy. Wash papaya, stewed meat, peanuts and kidney beans, then put all the raw materials into the pot, boil the water with strong fire, and simmer for two hours. After adjusting the taste, you can eat it. People with weak limbs can choose this delicious food.
3. Other functions
North papaya not only has medicinal and edible value, but also its fruit has a special fragrance, which will become more and more rich with the maturity of the fruit. If the ripe papaya fruit is placed indoors, it can play a role in refreshing the air and making the indoor smell pleasant. It is a very good green freshener.
2 Morphological characteristics of papaya
Shrub or small tree, up to 5- 10 m, with bark falling off in pieces; Branchlets spineless, cylindrical, pilose when young, soon falling off, purple-red, biennial branches glabrous, purple-brown; Winter buds are semi-circular, with blunt apex, hairless and purplish brown. The leaves are ovoid or oval-oblong, sparsely obovate, 5-8 cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide, with sharp apex, wide wedge-shaped or round base, sharp teeth, spiny edges, glandular teeth at the top, yellow-white fluff at the bottom when young, and soon falling off without hair; Petiole is 5- 10 mm long, puberulent and glandular toothed; Stipules membranous, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin dentate, about 7 mm long.
Flowers solitary in leaf axils, pedicels short and thick, 5- 10 mm long, glabrous; The flower diameter is 2.5-3 cm; Calyx tube campanulate outside glabrous; Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 6- 10 mm long, tapering at the top, glandular teeth at the edge, glabrous outside, densely covered with light brown fluff inside, reflexed; Petals obovate, pale pink; Stamens are numerous, less than half of petals; Style base connate, pilose, stigma capitate, with inconspicuous division, about as long as stamens or slightly longer.
The fruit is oval, long10-15cm, dark yellow, woody, fragrant, and short stalk. It blooms in April and bears fruit in September 9- 10/0.
Three Propagation Methods of Papaya
sow seeds
When the fruit turns dark yellow and ripens, it is picked, air-dried and stored. In March-April of the following year, cut the fruit, take out the seeds, and then sow. You can also pick and sow the fruit after it is ripe, or store the seeds in the sand for the winter and sow them in the next spring. The sowing method can be pot sowing or seedbed sowing. After sowing, cover with soil 1cm, cover with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention, and emerge in about 20 days.
transplant
Two or three-year-old papaya seedlings are used as rootstocks, and one-year-old fruiting branches of fine varieties are used as scions, and branches are grafted in spring.
floor
For the middle and upper branches of plants, the method of air layering can be used. After rooting, cut them from the mother and the plant respectively; For shrub-like plants, the lower branches can be pulled down and fixed on the ground during the growth period, then buried and compacted, and then cut off from the mother plant after falling leaves in autumn for planting.
Papaya leaves first and then blooms. The flowering period is March-June, and the fruiting period is August 8- 10/October. Before and after the first frost, it gradually entered the dormant period of deciduous leaves. After the rain, the leaf buds began to sprout. Therefore, in order to ensure the success of transplanting middle and old trees, the transplanting time should generally be controlled from the end of 10 to the beginning of March, otherwise, you will get half the result with half the effort or even give up all your previous efforts.
protect
Papaya is a shallow-rooted tree species, with beautiful trunk, many straight branches and strong ability of sprouting and tillering. Therefore, in the process of planting, we should first try to wrap the bark, trunk and main branches with straw ropes, and they should not be untied for 1 to 2 years and let them rot naturally; Second, it is necessary to prevent the trunk from being damaged, avoid the phenomenon of heavy cutting and careless protection of branches, so as not to affect the landscape effect; 3. In order to prevent root injury, when digging papaya, increase the digging diameter as much as possible, ensure the integrity of each lateral root to the greatest extent, prevent random root cutting, and fundamentally ensure the survival of trees.
Sell fruit
Pick flowers at any time from the first year to the second year. In the spring of the third year, strengthen management to catch up with pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit swelling fertilizer and autumn fertilizer. Apply 5 kg urea and compound fertilizer 10 kg to the first fertilizer mu to improve the fruit setting rate; In late May, fruit expansion fertilization was carried out, with 20 kilograms of urea and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu to ensure sufficient fertilizer and increase the weight of single fruit. In autumn, 5000 kg of soil fertilizer and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate were applied to each mu of fertilizer, which laid the foundation for the next year's bumper harvest. In addition, water and drain water in time according to the drought and flood situation.
4 how to eat papaya is the best?
Papaya is known as "the king of Lingnan fruit" because of its good color and fragrance. Whether it is fruit or soup, it is a good product to clear the heart and moisten the lungs. Papaya is flat and sweet, clearing the heart and moistening the lungs, strengthening the stomach and strengthening the spleen. Immature papaya is used to make soup for women during lactation, and mature papaya is used to make soup for moistening lung and strengthening stomach.
Nutritional value of papaya: As a fruit, papaya is actually papaya, with smooth and beautiful skin, thick and delicate pulp, rich aroma, rich juice, sweet and delicious taste and rich nutrition. Known as "the fruit of all benefits", "the king of fruits" and "the melon of longevity", it is one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan. Papaya is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids, calcium, iron, papain, papain and so on. Half a medium-sized papaya is enough for adults to need vitamin C. Papaya is called "papaya" in China. As the name implies, eating more can prolong life.
Pharmacological effects of papaya;
1. Jianpi Xiaoshi: Papain in papaya can decompose fat into fatty acids; Modern medicine has found that papaya contains an enzyme that can digest protein, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of food, so it has the function of invigorating the spleen and promoting digestion.
2. Anti-epidemic and anti-insect: Papain and papain have anti-tuberculosis and anti-tapeworm, roundworm, trichuris, amoeba and other parasites, and can be used to kill insects and anti-tuberculosis.
3. Breast enhancement and anti-cancer: chymosin in papaya has the function of breast enhancement, and papaya has the function of anti-lymphocytic leukemia, so it can be used for breast enhancement and treatment of lymphocytic leukemia (hematologic cancer).
4. Supplement nutrition and improve disease resistance: Papaya contains a lot of water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, multivitamins and various essential amino acids, which can effectively supplement human nutrition and enhance human disease resistance.
5. Anti-spasm: Papaya contained in papaya pulp can relieve spasm pain and has obvious therapeutic effect on gastrocnemius spasm.
5 The difference between green papaya and yellow papaya
Green papaya refers to immature papaya, generally refers to immature papaya, not fruit papaya. This is papaya, with high papain content and medicinal value.
Yellow papaya is cooked papaya.
Green papaya is rich in papain, chymopapain, carotene and so on. Rich in more than 17 kinds of amino acids and various nutrient elements; It is a kind of nutritious, beneficial and harmless "fruit treasure".
The difference between papaya and common fruit papaya;
Compared with common papaya, papaya has higher medicinal value. Rich in papain, it is suitable for processing into various cosmetics, skin care products, foods and raw materials. Papaya, a common fruit, is eaten as a fruit with low papain content.
Papain is contained in green papaya powder, which can not only decompose fat, but also decompose protein and sugar. Papain is an important additive in food industry. It is a biological enzyme extracted from papaya pulp after cutting. Chicken can be decomposed into water with 600,000-800,000 /g papain, and dried to make chicken essence. Papain can also be used to decompose shrimp, fish and so on. Made into various seasonings, soybeans can be decomposed into various protein powders. It can be seen that the decomposition ability of papain is still quite strong.
The activity of papain in common papaya powder is not high, generally 800 activity /g, while high-quality papaya powder is 6000-8000 activity /g, and the industrial use is as high as hundreds of thousands. Therefore, it is safe to eat papaya powder. Green papaya powder contains a lot of papaya pectin, which is a natural intestinal lavage. It can take away the fat and impurities in the stomach and intestines, and play a natural role in clearing the intestines and detoxifying. Use warm water to make papaya powder, and you will find that papaya powder is gelatinous, mushy and very sticky, which is papaya pectin.