The boats in the east and the west are silent, and only the white autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river can be seen. With white light.

Original text

"Pipa Xing"

Bai Juyi [Tang Dynasty]

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he moved to the left to Sima Jiujiang County. Next autumn, when seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. When I heard the sound, there was a clanging sound from Kyoto. When asked about the person, I was originally from Chang'an and advocated women. I tried to learn the pipa from Mu and Cao, two talented people. She was old and beautiful, and she committed herself to being a wife of a Jia family. Then he ordered wine and asked him to play several songs quickly. The song ended with pity, and he recounted the joyful things in his childhood. Now he is drifting and haggard, wandering among the rivers and lakes. I have been in office for two years, and I feel at ease. I am grateful to the people who said that in the evening, I began to feel the intention of relegation. Because of the long sentences, I gave them a song, with six hundred and sixteen words, named "Pipa Xing".

The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers are rustling in autumn.

The master dismounted and was on the boat. He wanted to drink wine but there was no orchestra.

We will say goodbye sadly when we are too drunk. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.

Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return the guest.

Looking for the sound, I secretly asked who was playing the pipa. The sound of the pipa stopped and I was too late to speak.

Moving the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, adding wine, turning back the lights, and re-opening the banquet.

After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face.

The three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft indicate feelings before the tune is formed.

The strings muffle the sounds and thoughts, seeming to complain of failure in life.

The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one’s heart.

Lightly gathered together, slowly twisted and wiped, then picked again, first "Neon Shang" and then "Liu Yao". (Liu Yao No. 1: Green Waist)

The big strings are as noisy as the rain, and the small strings are as quiet as whispers.

Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.

In the meantime, Guan Ying is talking about the slippery bottom of flowers, and it is difficult to go under the ice of Youyan Spring.

The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass through the sound. (Pause Part 1: Gradually Pause)

Don’t be sad and resentful. Silence is better than sound at this time.

The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns.

At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the four strings sound like cracking silk.

The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river.

While he was chanting and plucking the strings, he straightened his clothes and tightened his features.

She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the Xia Toad Mausoleum.

On the 13th, he learned the pipa and became the first member of the teaching group.

Qu Ba once taught talented people how to dress well, and Qiu Niang was always jealous of her makeup. (Fu 1st work: Fu)

When Wuling was young, he was struggling with his head, and he sang an innumerable number of red ribbons.

The silver grate on the tin head was smashed into pieces, and the bloody skirt was stained by wine. (Silver Grate, one work: Cloud Grate)

This year’s laughter will return to next year’s, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.

My younger brother left to join the army, and my aunt died, so I went to see you in the morning.

There are few horses and pommels in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman.

Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.

Going back and forth to the mouth of the river to guard the empty boat, the moon is shining brightly around the boat and the river is cold.

Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.

I sighed when I heard the pipa playing, and I groaned again when I heard the words.

We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before?

I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.

There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round.

The land near the Huanjiang River is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house.

What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans.

When the flowers on the spring river meet the autumn moon, I often drink wine alone.

How can there be no folk songs and village flutes, which are hard to listen to?

Tonight I hear your pipa music, and my ears suddenly become clear as if I were listening to fairy music.

Mo Cigen sat down to play a song and translated it for you, "Pipa Xing".

I feel like I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.

The mournful sound is not like the forward sound, and the whole house weeps when hearing it again.

Who cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet.

Translation

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to be Sima of Jiujiang County. In the autumn of the following year, when I was seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard a woman playing the pipa in a neighboring boat at night. I carefully examined the sound and found that the sonorous and sonorous sound had the flavor of the capital city. I asked about her origins, and it turned out that she was a musician from Chang'an. She once learned skills from Mu and Cao, two famous pipa masters. Later, she grew old and lost her beauty, and married a businessman. So I ordered the wine to be served and asked her to play a few pieces of music to her heart's content. After she finished playing, she looked sad and talked about her happy past when she was young, but now she is wandering in the rivers and lakes, haggard and haggard. I have been a local magistrate for two years, and I have always been in a peaceful mood, but her words touched me. This night, I actually felt like I was being demoted. So I wrote this seven-character song, chanted it and presented it to her. It has 616 words in one song and is titled "Pipa Song".

At night I went to the head of the Xunyang River to see off my guests. The maple trees and reeds were blown by the autumn wind and made a rustling sound.

My guests and I dismounted and held a farewell banquet on the boat. We raised our glasses and wanted to drink, but the music did not help.

After drinking wine, I was even more sad that we were about to say goodbye. When we said goodbye, there was a cold moon in the vast river.

Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing from the river; I forgot about the returning guests and didn’t want to leave.

Look for the source of the sound and ask who is playing the pipa? Pipa paused for a long time but said nothing.

We moved the boat closer and invited her to come out to meet her. We asked the servants to add wine, put back the lights, and start the banquet again.

She walked out slowly after calling her, half covering her face with the pipa she held in her arms.

She turned the piano shaft tightly and plucked the strings to play a few times. She felt emotions before she could play the tune.

Xianxian's sad and sad voice implies deep contemplation, seeming to be telling the dissatisfaction of her life.

She lowered her eyebrows and played slowly and continuously, pouring out the infinite sadness in her heart.

Gently gather it, slowly twist it, rub it and pick it, first play "Nancy Dress and Feather Clothes Song" and then "Six Yao".

The sound of the big strings is heavy and muffled like a storm, while the sound of the small strings is thin, quiet, urgent and broken, like a whisper.

The noisy sounds are intertwined with each other, like large and small pearls falling one by one from a jade plate.

Sometimes it’s like an oriole singing gracefully and fluently under the flowers, and sometimes it’s like spring water flowing stagnantly under the ice.

It was as if the cold sound of the pipa in the ice spring began to condense, and the condensed and unsmooth sound gradually stopped.

It seems that there is another kind of melancholy and hatred secretly growing. At this time, the sound is more moving than the sound.

Suddenly, the sound of the pipa suddenly became louder, like a silver bottle exploding and water slurry rushing; it was also like a team of cavalry coming out, with swords and guns firing.

At the end of the song, the plectrum passed through the middle of the strings, and the four strings roared as if the fabric was torn.

The painted boats and pleasure boats to the east and west were quiet, and only the autumn moon reflected in the center of the river was glowing with white light.

She meditated, put away the pick and inserted it into the strings; then she straightened her clothes and stood up, restraining her facial expression (which was filled with sadness and resentment when she was deep in thought).

She said that she was a famous singer in the capital, and her family lived in Xiatoling, southeast of Chang'an City.

He learned how to play the pipa at the age of thirteen, and his name was registered in the first section of the Jiaofang Orchestra.

Every time he plays a song, he is impressed by the art masters, and every time he puts on makeup, he is jealous of his fellow singers.

The wealthy people in the capital are vying to give me rewards. Every time I finish playing a song, I don’t know how much colored silk they have to give me.

The silver grate on the tin head is often broken and smashed, and the red skirt is stained by wine stains, but I don’t regret it.

We spent year after year laughing and playing, and the beautiful time from autumn to spring was wasted.

My brothers in the church have joined the army, the aunt in charge of the family has died, and I am getting old and fading in the morning and evening.

There are fewer cars and horses in front of the door and only a few visitors. As I get older, I have to marry a businessman as my wife.

Businessmen only focus on making profits and take parting lightly. Last month, he went to Fuliang to buy tea and sell goods.

He left, leaving me alone to guard the empty boat at the mouth of the river. The moonlight surrounding the boat was as white as frost, and the river was so cold.

Even late at night, I often dream of having fun and reveling when I was a teenager, and I wake up crying in my dreams, staining my pink face with tears.

I had already shaken my head and sighed when I heard the sound of the pipa, and then I became even more confused when I heard her words.

We are all poor people who have fallen to the end of the world. Why ask if we have known each other before when we meet today!

I have been sick since I left the bustling capital of Chang'an last year and was demoted to live by the Xunyang River.

Xunyang is a desolate and remote place with no music, and you can’t hear orchestral music all year round.

I live near the Huanjiang River, which is low-lying and humid. There are some yellow reeds and bitter bamboos growing around the yard.

What can you hear here sooner or later? It's all the sad cries of cuckoos and monkeys.

In such a beautiful scene as the flowers on the spring river and the moonlit night on the autumn river, I have no choice but to drink wine alone.

Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just that the hoarse and rough tone is really unpleasant.

After listening to the music you played on the pipa tonight, it was like listening to the fairy music from the sky, and my ears suddenly became clear.

Please don’t refuse to sit down and play another song. I want to compose a new poem for you, "Pipa Xing".

Moved by my words, she stood for a long time, turned around, sat down, and tightened the strings to make an urgent sound.

It was so sad and so different from the monotonous one that had just been played that everyone present covered their faces and cried non-stop when they heard it.

Who among you has shed the most tears? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt has been soaked with tears!

Notes

Yu: Same as "yu", me.

Zuoqian: Demotion, demotion. In ancient times, the left was regarded as inferior, so it was called "Zuo Qian".

Next year: Year two.

Clang: describes the sound of metal, jade, etc. hitting each other.

Kyoto sound: refers to the popular music tone in the capital of the Tang Dynasty.

Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, an ancient singing and dancing artist.

Shancai: The general name for pipa masters or music masters at that time. It means "expert".

Commitment: Commitment, here refers to the meaning of marriage.

For: to do.

Jia (gǔ): businessman.

Mingjiu: Ask (his subordinates) to serve wine.

Kuai: carefree.

Mingran: melancholy.

Wandering and falling.

Office: (Beijing official) external transfer.

Tianran: indifferent and peaceful.

Relegation: Demotion, demotion or exile.

For: creation.

Long sentence: refers to a seven-character poem.

Song: Composing songs.

Fan: General ***.

Word: word.

Fate: naming, title.

Xunyang River: A section of the Yangtze River flowing through the north of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Because Jiujiang was called Xunyang in ancient times, it is also called Xunyang River.

Russing: describes the sound of maple trees and reeds being blown by the autumn wind.

Master: The poet refers to himself.

Turn back the light: turn on the light again. Reply: again.

Rotate shaft plucking: twist the peg and pluck the string wire. This refers to tuning and tuning.

Suppression: a low voice.

Thoughts: profound thoughts.

Xinshou: casually.

Continue to play: play continuously.

Hold: buckle the string. Twist: The action of vibrato. Wipe: Dial smoothly. Pick: The action of backhand pullback.

"Neon Clothes": That is, "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song", which was originally a music and dance from the Western Regions. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang, created the music according to the music and then spread to the Central Plains.

"Liu Yao": The name of the big song, also called "Le Shi", "Green Waist" and "Lu Yao", is a song and dance song.

Da string: refers to the thickest string.

Chaocao: The sound is heavy and muffled.

Small string: refers to the thinnest string.

Qieqie: thin, quick, quiet, urgent and fine.

Jianguan: The smooth language of the warbler is called "Jianguan". Birdsong.

Youth pharynx: like a blockage.

It is difficult to pass under the ice: the spring flow is blocked under the ice and it is difficult to pass through, describing the sound of music changing from smooth to cold.

Ningjue: stagnation.

Burst: sputter.

End of song: The music ends.

Plectrum: A plucking tool used when playing strings.

Be careful with the drawing: use a plectrum to draw the four strings in the middle of the pipa, which is a right-hand technique often used at the end of a song.

Fang: boat.

Condensing facial expressions: Condensing facial expressions (sadness, anger and resentment when deep in thought).

Xia (há) Tongling: Southeast of Chang'an City, near Qujiang, it was a famous recreational area at that time.

Jiaofang: A government-run institution in the Tang Dynasty that managed music, acrobatics, and coached singing and dancing.

Qiuniang: A common name for singing and dancing prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty.

Wuling: Outside Chang'an City, the tombs of five emperors of the Han Dynasty.

To wrap one's head around: to give gifts such as brocade and silk to singing and dancing prostitutes.

Silk fabric: fine, light and beautiful silk fabric.

Din (diàn) silver grate (bì): This refers to a grate-shaped hair ornament inlaid with mother-of-pearl.

Percussion: beat the beat.

Color: aging appearance.

Fuliang: an ancient county name, belonging to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. In today's Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province, tea is abundantly produced.

Quilai: After leaving.

Crying in a dream: crying in a dream, with traces of tears on the face evened out by makeup.

Langan: scattered vertically and horizontally.

Chong: re, meaning again.

Chirp: sigh.

vomiting and mocking: describing a noisy sound.

Pipa language: the sound of pipa, the music played by pipa.

Temporarily: suddenly.

Sit back: return to the original place.

Tighten the string: Tighten the string.

Transfer: more, more and more.

Forward tone: the monotone played just now.

Cry: Cover your face and cry.

Green shirt: the color of clothing for eighth- and ninth-grade civil servants in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's official rank at that time was that of general and minister, from the ninth rank, so he wore a green shirt.

Creative Background

In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe (815 AD), assassins sent by the Tang Dynasty vassal towns stabbed to death the prime minister Wu Yuanheng on the streets of Chang'an and stabbed the imperial censor Zhongcheng Pei Du. , there was an uproar between the government and the public, and the forces in the vassal town further demanded the removal of Pei Du in order to calm the vassal town's "rebellious" intentions. Bai Juyi advocated the strict arrest of the murderer, which was suspected of "exceeding his duties"; moreover, Bai Juyi usually wrote allegorical poems, which offended the powerful officials in the court, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Sima was the assistant to the governor. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, most "criminal" officials were specially placed, which was a disguised form of distribution. This incident had a great impact on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological changes. From then on, his early fighting spirit gradually faded away and his negative emotions increased day by day. In the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (816 AD), Bai Juyi had been demoted to Jiangzhou Sima for two years. When he was seeing off his guests at the head of the Xunyang River, he happened to meet a singer who became famous for her skills in her youth but was abandoned in her old age. She felt depressed. , combined with his career experience, he used the genre of song to create the famous "Pipa Xing" (the original work "Pipa Yin").

Appreciation

The poetic vision (theme) of this poem is "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before we meet."

By writing about the life of the pipa girl Unfortunately, combined with the blow the poet himself suffered during his official career, he sang the sentiment of "we are both fallen people in the world, so why should we meet before". The turmoil of society, the harshness of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings about one's own frustration, all these painful feelings that were originally accumulated in the heart are poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful, distinctive and musical language, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained from hearing. The natural scenery and emotions of separation made by the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.

In this poem, the poet strives to create the image of the pipa girl. Through it, it profoundly reflects the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society, and expresses "the same people who have fallen from the world" "Emotions. The beginning of the poem is "Send off guests on an autumn night", "suddenly heard" the "pipa sound", then "searched for the sound", "asked secretly", "moved the boat" and "invited to meet", after "thousands of calls", and then the singer He came out with his face half-covered. This reverberating and tortuous description lays the foundation for the theme of "The End of the World".

Then it describes the pipa girl playing music to reveal her inner world. First, the "affectionate" part of the "unfinished melody", and then the "string strings" and "sounds and thoughts", tell the story of "failure in life" and "infinite things in the heart", showing the ups and downs of the pipa girl's heart.

Then it goes on to write about the pipa girl's self-reported life experience: in those days, her skills were taught to "good talents", her appearance was "made up so that Qiu Niang was jealous of her", Kyoto teenagers "struggled over her head", "I don't know how to sing a song of red silk" number". However, the description of time flowing like resentment, admiration, weeping and complaining, as well as her love and affection above, "the color changes after dusk and morning", and in the end she had to "marry a business woman". These songs complement each other and complete the shaping of the image of the pipa girl.

In the end, the poet's emotional waves were excited by the fate of the Pipa girl, and he sighed, "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, why should we have known each other before we meet", expressing the feelings of sympathy for the same illness and the same voice. The poetry has a bright rhyme, reflecting each step and embellished everywhere.

It is both endless and focused on the theme. It is like the surging tide of a river, with ups and downs and endless waves. Reciting it repeatedly will sway people's minds and have infinite emotions. The language is sonorous and the metaphorical images are used. "Like heavy rain", "like a whisper", "water slurry bursting", "swords and guns ringing", "pearls falling on jade plates", "orioles whispering at the bottom of flowers". Reading these is like hearing their voices and being there.

The preface of the poem explains the time, place, characters and story, outlines the tragic life experience of Pipa Girl, explains the motivation for writing this poem, and sets a sad emotional tone for the whole poem.

The whole poem "Pipa Xing" is divided into four sections, from "Seeing off guests at the Xunyang River on the first night" to "Still holding the pipa half-covering my face", the fourteenth sentence is the first section. Write about the appearance of Pipa Girl. The first six sentences describe the time, which is a night with red maple leaves and white flowers, under the rustling autumn wind; they describe the location, which is the head of the Xunyang River. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang City; the head of the Xunyang River is the Penpukou mentioned in the preface. The background is explained, and it is the poet saying goodbye to his friend. Parting itself is unpleasant, and without a singing girl waiting in front of the banquet, of course it becomes even more lonely and intolerable. The syntax of the sentence "the host dismounted and the guest was on the boat" is a bit strange, but its actual meaning is that the host accompanied the guest to the riverside on horseback, and then dismounted and came to the boat together. "If you are too drunk to be happy, you will have to say goodbye. When you say goodbye, the vast river will be soaked in the moon." The scenery and atmosphere here are very well described. It gives people a feeling of openness, loneliness, and melancholy. It is integrated with the frustration and sadness of the host and the guests, forming a strong sense of depression, which sets the stage for the sudden turn of events below. Prepared. Among them, the eight sentences after "Deng" are about the appearance of the pipa girl from the front: "Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa on the water, and the host forgot to return and the guest did not say anything." The sound drifted from the water, coming from the boat. This sound immediately attracted the attention of the host and guests. They didn't want to leave or come back. They must explore and find out what happened to this wonderful sound. "Who is the one who is asking about the sound in secret? The sound of the pipa has stopped and it is too late to speak. Move the boat closer to invite us to meet, add wine, turn back the lights and resume the banquet. After calling for a long time, he comes out, still holding the pipa half-hiding his face." The description here is very special. meticulous. Because it was night, and because what they heard was just a sound, they didn’t know where the sound came from or who the performer was, so the four words "searching for sounds and asking secretly" here are very expressive. . Then "the sound of the pipa stops" indicates that the player has heard the call of the visitor; "it is too late to speak" is consistent with the following "the sound of the pipa has been called out for a long time, and the face is still half covered with the pipa", both indicating that the player Frustrated and ashamed of her life experience, she was no longer willing to show her face. The description of the appearance of the pipa girl is vivid and moving. She heard the sound of her pipa before she saw her, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard her words, which created a lot of suspense for the development of the story later.

The second paragraph is composed of twenty-four sentences, from "Three or two sounds of plucking the strings on the rotating shaft" to "Only the white autumn moon in the heart of the river", describing the superb acting skills of the pipa girl. Among them, "the three or two sounds of turning the strings to pluck the strings" are written about the tuning test before the official performance; then "the strings are suppressed" are written to describe the pathos of the tune; "low eyebrows are followed by formalities" are written to describe the soothing lines. plate. Gathering, twisting, wiping, and picking are all techniques for playing the pipa. Nishang: namely "Nishang Feather Clothes Song", the name of a dance produced in the Tang Dynasty court. Liuyao: A popular dance name at the time. Fourteen sentences, from "The big strings are noisy like heavy rain" to "The four strings are as loud as cracking silk", describe the musical image of the pipa music, and write about it from fast to slow, to thin, to silent, to sudden. The storm came to an abrupt end at the last stroke. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here to turn the more abstract musical image into a visual image. There are big beads and small beads falling on the jade plate, there are warblers whispering among the flowers, there are thin silk threads under the water ice, there are "silence is better than sound at this time" that is so thin that there is no sound, and there are sudden rises. The silver vase is suddenly cracked and the iron cavalry is golden. It makes the listener sometimes sad, sometimes soothing, sometimes relaxed and happy, and sometimes shocking. "The east boat and the west boat are silent, only the white autumn moon can be seen in the middle of the river." These two sentences are about the performance effect of the pipa girl.

Everyone was fascinated. The performance had ended, but the listeners were still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence around them, except for the bright moon reflected in the water.

From "Thinking while plucking the strings" to "Crying in dreams, her makeup and tears are red" *** Twenty-four sentences are the third paragraph, which is about the life experience of the pipa girl. She said that she was lucky in her early years. It was very prosperous for a while, but later it became old and faded, and fell into disarray. Shen Yin: Hesitant, as if he wants to speak but hesitates. To hold one's face back: It means to put away the emotions when playing and to be respectful to others again. Xiabaoling: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang'an City, near Qujiang. The following ten sentences from "I learned the pipa at the age of thirteen" describe this woman's past success. She is young but has superb skills. She is admired by older artists but jealous by her peers. Mr. Wang and Sun were obsessed with her erotic skills: he did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to invite her to play; she herself indulged in luxury and never understood what it meant to be stingy. In this way year after year, the good times flow away quickly like water. Jiaofang: The official office that managed the palace orchestra in the Tang Dynasty. Part One: It's like saying the first regiment or the first team. Qiuniang: generally refers to the beautiful and talented singers at that time. Wuling: refers to the five mausoleums of the Han Dynasty emperors, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Pinling. They were the places where the rich lived at that time. Wuling young: usually refers to the children of nobles. Tie-tou: refers to the financial gift given to singing and dancing girls in ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, silk was used, and later generations used other financial gifts. Red silk fabric: a raw silk fabric. Tintou: A hair grate with flower tints at both ends. Silver grate: refers to jewelry decorated with gold and jade jewelry. Beating section: Beating the beat. When singing and dancing, wooden or bamboo boards were used to beat the beats. Now, when the mood strikes, they use expensive silver grates to hit the beats. It is extremely indulgent and luxurious, forgetting oneself. Leisurely: casually, without paying attention. The following ten sentences from "My brother left to join the army and my aunt died" describe this woman's change of times and her decline. As she grew older and looked less beautiful, the aristocratic children no longer came to visit her, and her few relatives also dispersed one after another. She was like a pair of outdated shoes, no one wanted or looked at her anymore. , had no choice but to marry a businessman. The businessman cares about making money and never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone, leaving the poor woman behind in the empty ship. People have memories. Faced with today's loneliness and neglect, recalling the glorious years of the past, how can it not make people feel heartbroken in comparison! "Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about teenage things, and I cried and cried, and my makeup was red and my eyes were full of tears." In fact, even if you don't dream, you still think about it many times a day. Fuliang: The name of the county. The county seat is in the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. Hong Lingqian: The look of tears melting into powder flowing all over the face.

The last twenty-six sentences from "I sighed when I heard the pipa" to the last "Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet" are the fourth paragraph. The poet expresses his feelings about his life experience and his relationship with the pipa girl. The feeling of sympathy for each other. Chirp: Sigh. "We are both fallen people at the end of the world. How can we meet each other before?" The two words are full of emotions, bringing tears to the lost people through the ages, and triggering the opportunity of love at first sight for the lost people through the ages. The following twelve sentences starting from "I resigned from the imperial capital last year" describe the poet's feeling of loneliness since he was demoted to Jiujiang. He said: "Xunyang is a remote place with no music, and I don't hear the sound of silk and bamboo all year round. I live near the Huanjiang River in a low-humidity place, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around my house. What do I hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo sings and the blood ape moans. The spring river is full of flowers and the autumn moonlight night , I often drink alone. There are no folk songs and village flutes, and the hoarse jokes are hard to listen to. "The terrain is remote, the environment is harsh, the eyes are sad, and there is nothing to cheer up." In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own depression and empathy. Let's compare it with Song Jiang's praise of Jiangzhou in "Water Margin". He said: "It's a good place in Jiangzhou. Although I committed crimes and lived far away, Here, I have seen real mountains and rivers. Although I have several famous mountains and historic sites, there is no such scenery." The poet's sadness and depression were entirely caused by his political defeat, but he could not say this. He just vaguely said that he was also a "reduced person at the end of the world" and that he was "banished and bedridden" here, and all the other heart-breaking pain was suppressed in his heart. This is why everything he hears and sees makes people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a close friend in times of need, he sincerely praised and thanked the Pipa Girl for her wonderful performance, and asked her to play another piece of music while he wrote a long poem "Pipa Line" for her. The pipa girl was already unwilling to socialize any more, but later she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, so she tightened her strings and played a more tragic piece. This piece of music makes everyone who listens sigh. What about the passionate poet? It looked like the front of his green shirt was already soaked. Accelerate the strings: Tighten the strings to raise the key. Green shirt: The uniform color of the eighth and ninth grade civil servants. Sima is from the ninth grade, so he wears a green shirt.

About the author

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, and also Mr. Zuiyin, was originally from Taiyuan. He moved to Xiagui when his great-grandfather was born. in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, known as "Yuan Bai" in the world, and "Liu Bai" together with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi's poetry has a wide range of themes, diverse forms, and simple and popular language. He is known as the "Poetry Demon" and the "Poetry King". He became a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection" handed down from generation to generation, and his representative poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Charcoal Seller", "Pipa Play" and so on.