(1) Advantages and disadvantages of tulip hydroponics Compared with substrate cultivation, tulip hydroponics has incomparable advantages. It doesn't need to prepare cultivation substrate or soil bactericide for prevention and control, so it is easier and cheaper to supply water, and it can reduce the production cost of the soil to be cultivated. Greenhouse can be kept clean because of hydroponics, which can avoid various health problems caused by soil. Tulips can shorten the cold storage time, because the rooting time is shortened and they can enter the greenhouse early. Hydroponics requires a much lighter cultivation box than soil, which is more convenient for transportation and handling. During cultivation, water control is simpler and easier, and various effects caused by too much or too little water can be avoided. Fertilization will be more accurate, and the type and application amount of fertilizer can be determined by the change of EC value in aqueous solution. In cultivation, the possibility of flower stems lodging is smaller, the flower stems are taller and stronger, and the cut flowers are more commercialized. Greenhouse cultivation time is relatively short, and because water has better thermal conductivity than soil, it can save heating energy. Cut tulips can be harvested more conveniently and cleanly, and can be harvested centrally. Hydroponics makes it possible to cultivate tulips every season, and large-scale modern cultivation is easier to operate.
Of course, there are also some shortcomings in tulip hydroponics, which need to be continuously improved in production. At the same greenhouse temperature, tulip stems are light and easy to grow in white due to improper operation. Greenhouse requires higher ventilation, so it is necessary to pay close attention to the humidity change in greenhouse, because too much water will lead to high humidity in greenhouse. Especially in March, the temperature in the greenhouse hydroponics box rises too fast, which will also bring a lot of inconvenience. Because hydroponics technology is used, it is essential to invest in hydroponics boxes and other instruments and equipment. At the same time, not all varieties are suitable for hydroponics, and many problems in this area need further study (such as the preparation of culture solution and the selection of hydroponics containers, etc.). ).
(2) Preparation before tulip hydroponics Most bulbs used for tulip hydroponics are bulbs at 9℃, which should be put directly into the cold storage after arrival to avoid some physiological effects of temperature changes on tulip bulbs. When planting is needed, it is best to operate in the same temperature environment.
Before the cold storage is used, in addition to the maintenance of related equipment, some special preparations should be made. The temperature should be set at 7 ~ 9℃ several days in advance, and the optimal temperature should be set at 8℃. The space humidity in the cold storage should be kept at about 65% until planting. At the same time, put the thermometer and hygrometer in the cold storage, test them three times a day and record them to avoid large temperature changes during planting. Before planting, keep the cold storage ventilated. Fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. Can't put it in the cold storage at the same time, because these plants will produce ethylene gas, and ethylene will affect the growth and future flowering of tulips. Put an end to forklifts, tractors and other means of transport in and out of the cold storage, releasing toxic gases.
Add water before putting the hydroponic boxes into the cold storage, and add about 7 liters of water to each box. Before use, the water used should be determined, and the EC value should be less than 1.0. Then, the same amount of two fertilizers [NPK compound fertilizer, Ca(NO3)2] should be added until the EC value reaches 1.5, or the appropriate EC value can be adjusted in advance and then added to the hydroponic box. At the same time, the pH value of water should be kept at about 6.0. The concentration of Cl2 in water is less than 100 mg/L to avoid chloride ion damage.
(3) In the long-rooted stage (put in the cold storage), the cultivation boxes added with water can also be stacked in the cold storage to save space, which is also one of the prerequisites for large-scale production. Don't throw away the water solution after adding fertilizer, it can be used for the next hydration. Of course, it must be properly preserved to avoid the change of EC value. When the roots grow, the temperature of the cold storage is set at 8℃. The temperature of the hair root should not be set too high, otherwise the root system will be easily stunted, tulips will germinate at high temperature, and blind flowers will increase greatly if the root system is underdeveloped and germinates too fast. On the contrary, if the hair root temperature is set too low, the hair root speed will slow down and the growth period will be prolonged.
After the hydroponic box enters the cold storage, the space humidity needs to be increased to 90%, which is more suitable for rooting. During rooting, the water content in the hydroponics box changes greatly, so it should be checked whether water is needed in the hydroponics box every day. If it is enough, other aqueous solutions are not needed.
Tulip bulbs can take root in about 2 weeks after 16 weeks of cold treatment (including 2 weeks of rooting stage), and the root system can grow to 2 ~ 4 cm. The rooting time of different tulip varieties will be slightly different, mainly depending on the development of the root system, which can reach 2 ~ 4 cm. After rooting, the tulip bulbs are moved into the greenhouse together with the hydroponics box and enter the growth stage.
Different varieties of tulips need different cold treatment time, rooting time and growth time. Cassini only needs 9℃ cold treatment for 15 weeks, so it can enter the greenhouse one week earlier, but it takes longer to grow and bloom in the greenhouse than the other two varieties, Aba and Yokohama. Cassini can be cultured in greenhouse when the root length is 2 cm, and the state of the root can ensure the normal growth in the later stage.
Generally speaking, the rooting stage should be in dark conditions to avoid the buds from growing out of control.
(4) In the growth stage, the hydroponic box should be moved into the greenhouse and transported at night. As it has just come out of the cold storage, it is not suitable for direct light. In order to avoid being stimulated by strong light, the stem may be lengthened. Ensure that the temperature is not lower than 2℃ during handling to avoid frostbite. Because there is frost in many areas at this stage, we should pay special attention to the changes of local temperature. High temperature is unfavorable to the growth of tulips, and should not be higher than 25℃. When moving from cold storage to greenhouse, the temperature may change greatly, so it is suggested to have a buffer temperature. When handling, the hydroponic box should be placed horizontally, so as not to pour water, so as not to affect the normal growth of bulbs. If water overflows during handling, the fertilizer water with EC value of 1.5 shall be supplemented to the required measurement.
After entering the greenhouse, the growth temperature rises and the tulip grows faster, so it is necessary to pay attention to the daily watering work. Add fertilizer water with EC value of 1.5 every day. At the same time, don't dump the raw water in the hydroponic box. If the newly added water is used up, the roots will grow slender and unhealthy. It is necessary to supplement a small amount of water 2 ~ 4 times a day to prevent the EC from decreasing and the root system from being short of water after the root system absorbs nutrients. According to different weather conditions, about 0.25 ~ 1 liter of water is added every day. The EC value of water must be measured and recorded every day, and the water temperature in the hydroponic box must also be measured and recorded every day. These are the main factors that affect the growth of tulips.
It is advisable to keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 13 ~ 14℃, and it is dangerous to fluctuate the temperature too much (above 4℃). Avoid temperatures below 15℃ or above 20℃. The temperature (ventilation temperature) should not be lower than 20℃. In the hottest time, you can shade 30% ~ 50% on the hydroponic box to cool down. When the humidity is controlled below 80%, high humidity will easily lead to the lodging of tulip stems or leaves, and also lead to some diseases.
Some varieties have special requirements for the environment. The temperature of Cassini varieties should be kept around 65438 05℃ day and night. When the temperature reaches 17℃, open the window for ventilation. When Yokohama and Aba varieties enter the greenhouse, the day and night temperature should be controlled at 16℃, and when it exceeds 18℃, windows should be opened for ventilation.
(5) It is best to harvest and store tulips when they are completely discolored and not yet open. Collect flower branches every morning and evening, and the collected tulips should have the same degree of discoloration, so as to avoid collecting them when there is direct sunlight. Pull out the whole plant with the ball when harvesting, and be careful not to touch other plants. The picked flowers can be placed in a wooden frame with a height of 15 cm, and don't pile up too high. It is best to move the collected flowers out of the greenhouse and put them in the shade within 15 minutes. Cut the ball and then tie it, usually a 10 stick.
Put the tied tulips in the cold storage at 2 ~ 5℃ and soak them in alkaline water (soapy water) 1 hour. Freezing tissue cells can prolong flowering period. The humidity in the cold storage should be kept at 85% ~ 90% to prevent tulips from losing water. Storage time should not exceed 2 days.
(6) After fungal diseases, lodging and blind flowers are cultivated in greenhouse, check whether there are gray or brown fungal spots on tulip buds and leaves box by box. If found, it should be removed directly to avoid transmission. These plaques will spread to leaves and petals, leading to a decline in the commercialization of cut flowers. Therefore, tulips should be inspected before planting, and bulbs should be kept dry when cultivated in greenhouse (that is, only one end of the root system should be put into the culture solution); At the same time, control the humidity of the space not to exceed 85%, and try not to pour fat water on the seed balls. If the greenhouse is well ventilated, it is generally unnecessary to spray control chemicals.
Tulips are prone to lodging in hydroponic production. When brown water stains appear at the tip of the stem, the stem is prone to lodging. When black or blue water spots appear at the mouth of the leaves (mostly in the second and third leaves), the leaves are prone to wilting and lodging. The main reason for lodging is that the water supply in the parts where tulips grow vigorously is reduced, which leads to insufficient calcium ion transport, and the growth of these parts is weakened, that is, Ca2 ++ is insufficient, which leads to lodging. There are many measures to prevent lodging. In short, it is to ensure sufficient Ca2+ supply and vigorous growth. The humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled below 85%, and maintaining good ventilation is conducive to maintaining low humidity; At the same time, add Ca(NO3)2 in time (but it must be adjusted to EC value1.5 with NPK compound fertilizer); In addition, the greenhouse temperature should not be higher than 20℃. When it rains continuously, it is easy to lodging when the greenhouse temperature continues to be higher than 20℃.
Blind flower refers to the situation that tulip flowers can't open normally, and the young buds formed are dry, or the buds can't turn color until they are fully mature. There are many reasons for blindness. Here is a brief explanation. It is easy to occur when the flower bud differentiation in G stage is not completed and it enters cold treatment (that is, cold treatment is too early) or cold treatment time is too short; Too long cold treatment time leads to too fast growth of greenhouse; High temperature reaction during storage and transportation, ethylene toxicity in storage and transportation, greenhouse culture and other stages; The humidity in greenhouse is more than 85% or the water and nutrients are insufficient during hydroponics; Poor root system (the root length is less than 1 cm, which easily leads to blind flowering); The EC value of the culture medium is greater than 2.5. All these factors may lead to blindness, and measures should be taken to prevent blindness according to every possible reason.
In recent years, tulip hydroponics technology has developed rapidly and is suitable for large-scale production. The introduction of foreign materials is complete. Through some explanations here, I hope to give producers a more complete perceptual knowledge and improve the production technology level of tulips.