Vicia faba can be planted in both the north and the south, and the varieties in the south and the north are different. Vicia faba is not suitable for continuous cropping, which will lead to short plants, less pods and worse diseases. So, what are the requirements for soil and fertilizer in the planting process of Vicia faba? How to apply fertilizer correctly?
1. Requirements for soil and fertilizer for broad bean planting
1. Requirements for soil and fertilizer for broad bean planting in southern China
Southern China: Broad bean has a wide adaptability to soil, but for high quality and high yield, it is necessary to choose clay loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage conditions, away from polluted water sources and chemical plants, and there is no obvious element deficiency disease shape in the soil. The production place of broad beans should be the land where leguminous plants have not been planted in the first two crops, so as to effectively control the root rot of bean crops and the obstacles of allelochemicals of bean crops to the root growth of broad beans.
Because the root system of broad bean is deep, after harvesting the previous crop in the field, it should be deeply ploughed for 2-25cm. If the soil fertility is poor and the water retention capacity is weak, it is suggested to make it into flat and low-moisture clay soil, and it is suggested to make it into narrow and high border, and sow one row per border. If the drainage is good, it can be made into a continuous ridge with a ditch width of 1.3 meters, and several rows can be planted. Pay attention to the row spacing. Adopting wide and narrow row configuration, it is necessary to have sparse density and sparse density, which can promote the population to increase production. The broad bean water system for high-yield cultivation should be a complete set of moisture ditch, drainage ditch and longitudinal ditch. Make sure the fields dry when the rain stops, and don't leave water behind.
When preparing soil, we should apply sufficient base fertilizer. It is suggested to apply 15 ~ 2 kilograms of decomposed compost per mu, 5 kilograms of superphosphate and 5 kilograms of plant ash, or 5 kilograms of 15+15+15 (%) compound fertilizer per mu. This compound fertilizer can be mixed with fully decomposed farmyard manure and applied to holes, and the effect is very good. Irrigation and moisture conservation can promote early growth. In the southern region, broad beans planted at the right time (from early October to October 2) are just in the dry season. After sowing, water should be uncovered in time to conserve moisture, so as to promote early emergence, early growth and early utilization of light energy and soil fertility.
2. Requirements of soil and fertilizer for planting broad beans in northern China
Broad beans belong to deep-rooted crops, which can only develop well in loose and fertile soil. Spring-sown broad beans in northern China are used in winter fallow fields, and they should be deeply ploughed and sunned before winter, and the crops in autumn should be deeply ploughed for 15-2 ㎝ after harvest, and then shallowly plowed for 7-1 ㎝ before sowing.
First, we should apply foot fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. It is suggested that 22,5 ~ 3, kg of manure, 3 ~ 375 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 3,75 ~ 7,5 kg in plant ash should be applied per hectare. Because the root nodules of spring broad beans have not yet formed and fixed nitrogen, it is necessary to absorb nitrogen from the soil, especially in poor plots. At this time, a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is usually applied to promote the growth of broad beans seedlings and roots. It is an important measure to increase the yield of broad beans to apply flower and pod fertilizer again at the flowering and pod setting stage, which is beneficial to protect flowers and pods and increase grain weight. Under normal circumstances, it is more appropriate to apply fertilizer at the early flowering stage, and 75 ~ 15 kg of urea should be applied per hectare. Calcium superphosphate is 15 ~ 225 kg. If symptoms of potassium deficiency are found, more potassium fertilizer should be applied. ?
Second, the correct fertilization method for broad beans
1. Apply seed dressing fertilizer well
In general, 2 grams of ammonium molybdate is used for seed dressing per kilogram of broad beans in production. This method can promote the development of root system and nodules of broad beans, and is also conducive to cultivating strong seedlings in the early stage to enhance the overwintering and cold resistance of broad beans, which can generally increase production by about 1%.
2. When applying sufficient base fertilizer
When sowing, it is suggested to use 3-5kg of calcium superphosphate and 7-15kg of potassium sulfate per mu of land. These should be applied to the roots of broad beans as base fertilizer, which can increase the yield of broad beans by 2%-3%. Applying potassium fertilizer to broad beans can also prevent and cure the leaf blight of broad beans. You can also use 25 ~ 3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu of land and mix 75 ~ 1 kilograms of plant ash, or use 1 ~ 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 5 kilograms of potassium chloride per mu of land, then mix in a proper amount of soil miscellaneous fertilizer to cover the seeds as the base fertilizer, and cover the base fertilizer with fine soil for 1.5 ~ 2 cm, and step on it. High-quality farmyard manure of 1 ~ 15 kg should also be applied to each mu of land to increase the activity of microorganisms and preserve soil moisture, so that the yield increase effect is obvious.
3. Top dressing depends on the seedlings.
Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at seedling stage. It is suggested that 6-8kg ammonium bicarbonate or 2-3kg urea should be used per mu, and it should be sprayed with water. The application time is suitable from the third compound leaf to the fifth compound leaf. Topdressing at seedling stage can promote the plant to form nodules as soon as possible, make the plant grow early and quickly, and make more branches. When broad beans are branched, 8 ~ 1 kg of urea should be topdressing per mu to promote seedling growth and set up a high-yield seedling frame. Topdressing must be flexibly mastered according to the seedling situation. In the plots with sufficient fertilizer, good soil fertility and prosperous growth in the early stage, no fertilizer can be applied or less fertilizer can be applied. On the contrary, it is necessary to apply more fertilizer as soon as possible. Generally, urea is 2.5 kg per mu, and phosphate fertilizer is 5 kg. When 2% of broad bean plants bloom, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in time, and 8 ~ 1 kg ammonium bicarbonate can be used per mu of land, and 5 kg water can be added for spraying, which can promote more flowers and pods, reduce the pod picking rate and increase the ratio of double pods and multiple pods. This is one of the key measures for high yield of broad bean.
4, foliar topdressing
When broad beans enter the full bloom stage, add .2% boric acid solution to 1% urea solution, mix them and spray them on the foliage. This method can prolong the functional period of leaves, and increase the number of pods per plant and the number of pods. After entering the strong grain stage, 1% urea solution is mixed with .2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then foliar topdressing is carried out. This method is beneficial to increase grain weight and yield. If it is found that the leaves of broad beans are scorched and curled, and the veins are light green and yellow, 1 ~ 15g ammonium molybdate is used per mu of land and sprayed on the leaves with 75kg of water. This method has a remarkable yield-increasing effect.
in the actual broad bean planting and management process, due to the adverse factors such as environment, climate, diseases and insect pests, the final yield of broad beans will be directly affected. Therefore, it is necessary to select excellent varieties for planting according to the local actual situation, and adopt correct planting methods in the planting process.