Planting method of raspberry 1, cutting method
Cut 40cm 1 annual branches in autumn and store them in the cellar. In early spring, insert both ends of branches into the border with a width of 1 m, with a spacing of 20 cm, and insert 2 rows in each border, and the cuttings are arched. When the new shoots take root, cut off the branches and become two seedlings.
2. Method of dividing plants
There are many varieties of raspberries, such as Gilte, Nova, Verami and Mick. It is easy to form adventitious buds at its roots, grow out of the ground after germination and form many tillers. In raspberry production gardens, these roots and tillers are often removed as weeds at any time. If these rootstock seedlings can be used scientifically, a ramet propagation path will be formed. Generally, from June to September, when a large number of raspberry tillers are occurring and growing vigorously, semi-lignified tillers with a length of more than 20 cm should be dug out in batches and stages, and attention should be paid to keeping the root system intact when digging. Then plant them in the nursery with a row spacing of (15-20cm)? 30 centimeters. After planting, water, weed and loosen the soil in time. After delaying the emergence of seedlings, topdressing the fertilizer with nitrogen as the main fertilizer 1 times, and spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1-2 times after autumn. This constitutes the seedling raising technology of rootstock returning to nursery management. After defoliation, the seedlings were classified, counted and protected in winter, which could be used for garden cultivation in the next spring.
3, layered method
After the vegetative branches of raspberry varieties grow to a certain length, the top ends bend and droop. If these drooping branches are picked in time, more branches can be produced from 1 branch. When the branches grow to about 20 cm, dig a ditch at a distance of 0/5-20 cm from the mother plant/kloc-,bury it in the ditch and cover it with soil for 5-7 cm. After 2-3 weeks, the branches can take root. Fill the ditch when the seedlings grow to 40-50 cm to ensure the normal growth of new seedlings. Weed, water and fertilize in time after layering. In this way, you can grow many seedlings before overwintering.
20 14, domestic experts predict that raspberry is the third generation fruit, and think that its development prospect is infinite. The reason is:
① Fresh raspberries taste good, and the market demand is large because of new varieties.
② Among fruits, raspberry is the most suitable for juice processing, and the juice yield is 70%-80%. In 20 14, the per capita fruit juice beverage in China was only a few liters, while that in developed countries was more than 40 liters. Therefore, the demand for raspberry product processing will also promote the great development of raspberry production.
(3) Raspberry is suitable for westerners' eating habits. The cost of planting raspberries abroad is very high, while the cost of planting raspberries in China is very low because of the land and labor. In 20 14, foreign businessmen bought a large number of raspberries in China, and the price of quick-frozen raspberries reached 65,438 yuan+0.5-20,000 yuan per ton, but the demand was in short supply. Some raspberry planting bases signed export agreements with foreign businessmen when they built their gardens. It is expected that the export of raspberries will be more competitive after China joins the WTO.
④ From the demand of raspberry seedlings, in 20 14 years, farmers are eager to change their land because of the low benefit of growing grain, so planting raspberries is their project, and the development of the western region will also occupy a place in raspberry production.
The business model of Raspberry 1. Garden selection:
Raspberry is a perennial tree species with underground rhizomes and annual bearing branches on the ground. It likes light and temperature, and needs to choose plots with ventilation and light transmission, fertile soil and convenient irrigation to build gardens. It can also be planted in scattered plots and behind houses, which can not only produce fresh fruit, but also beautify the environment. At present, most raspberry fruits are exported to European and American countries, and the requirements for environmental protection are very strict. Therefore, as an industrial development, we should choose plots far away from pollution sources.
Second, soil preparation:
Before planting, we should thoroughly plow the soil and eliminate weeds. Drains should be dug in low-lying areas. The row spacing of double-season varieties is 1.5? 0.4 meters is suitable. 65,438+065,438+065,438+00 seedlings per mu, single hole 1 plant, and about 3 kg of decomposed farmyard manure can be applied to each hole, which can play a role in drought resistance, waterlogging tolerance and high yield.
Third, the planting period and method:
Raspberries are mainly planted in spring and autumn, but also in summer and winter (South China).
Seedlings can be planted at the early stage of germination after thawing in spring, and can be planted when the soil in the north is thawed 15cm deep; It is wise to sow in early spring.
It is best to plant in autumn after seedling quality and before soil freezing. The survival rate of autumn planting is high, and it germinates early and grows fast in the next spring. It is best to master it one month before the soil freezes.
After autumn sowing in the north, if possible, cut off the remaining branches on the ground, and cover them with soil or wax before freezing to keep moisture. Move the soil in time after thawing in spring to prevent bud covering.
Summer sowing is usually held in early June. When the tillering seedlings grow to 30-40 cm, the seedlings with soil and complete roots should be watered in time, and then watered after 3-5 days, and the seedlings begin to grow in 7- 10 days. Summer sowing is mainly suitable for replanting seedlings in the field or planting in nearby areas.
Winter planting is a planting method suitable for southern growers to introduce. In early winter or late winter, when the soil is not frozen, good roots in autumn seedlings will be planted in time. The advantage of this planting method is that seedlings can have a dormant period after planting, and with the increase of temperature, they can gradually adapt to the local climate and improve the survival rate.
Fourth, daily management.
Raspberry, like other crops, needs routine management, such as weeding, loosening soil and watering during drought.
Pruning: Pruning double-season raspberries is relatively simple. After the seedlings germinate in spring, the weak branches and damaged branches can be pruned at any time according to the growth, and the overgrown roots and tillers can be pruned or transplanted. Cut off all the branches after the autumn fruit, so you don't have to bury the soil to keep out the cold. Leave more than 3,000-4,000 branches in the high-yield period, and the principle is convenient management, ventilation and light transmission, plant spacing and easy harvesting.
Important yield-increasing techniques: In the second spring, the soil thawed for two or three minutes, and the underground stems of seedlings were about two or three centimeters. Only in this way can the new seedlings come from the roots, grow strong and have high yield. If the underground stem is not removed, many seedlings will emerge on the stem, so the seedling growth is weak and the yield is low. Removing underground stems is an extremely important technical measure to ensure yield. In areas where winter is warm and the land is not frozen, the underground stems can be cut off one month before the seedlings germinate.
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