Erythritol has a small molecular weight and is easily absorbed by the human body, and is mainly metabolized by the kidneys and excreted from the body through the urine. The vast majority of erythritol enters the human bloodstream, because the body's enzymes are unable to break down erythritol metabolism, and does not participate in the sugar metabolism, and does not provide the body with the required energy, so the impact on blood glucose is small.

Because erythritol has part of the sucrose taste and its impact on blood sugar is small, some diabetic patients use it to meet the demand for sweetness. It is recommended that erythritol be consumed in moderation to avoid aggravating the metabolic burden on the human kidneys.