day of mourning
Author: Du Mu
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy just laughed and didn't answer Xingshan Village.
Explanation of words:
Qingming: One of 24 solar terms, which falls on April 4th or 5th in the solar calendar. On the day of the old custom, there were activities such as sweeping graves, hiking and inserting willows. In the palace, this day is the swing festival. Put swings in the Palace of Kunning and the harem, and make swings for concubines. This is a traditional grave-sweeping festival in China, which falls around April 5th in the solar calendar.
Want to break the soul: describe extreme sadness, as if the soul is to be separated from the body.
The meaning of these two sentences is that there are many rains in the Qingming period, and it is fluttering; In this weather and this festival, pedestrians on the road are depressed and upset.
Ask someone else.
Translation:
When I was in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the poet couldn't go home to visit the grave, but it was no longer a taste to travel alone on a foreign road. Besides, the weather is not good, a sullen face, the drizzle of cattle hair will fall one after another, the eyes are foggy, and the spring clothes are wet. Poet, it's heartbreaking! Find a hotel to shelter from the rain, warm up and eliminate the sadness in your heart, but where is the hotel? The poet thought about it and asked the shepherd boy by the roadside. The little shepherd boy riding on the back of the cow pointed to the distance with his hand-oh, in the village full of apricot flowers, the cover of a hotel was raised high, attracting pedestrians!
About the author:
Du Mu (AD 803- 852), a native of Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister, and the son of Du You. Tang Wenzong Daiwa was a 26-year-old scholar in the second year and was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, he went to Jiangxi to inspect the ambassador, turned to Huainan to inspect the ambassador, and then joined the ambassador. He was edited by the National History Museum, served as foreign minister in the catering department, Bibi department and Si Xun, and served as secretariat in Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Finally, he lives in Zhongshu. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu and "Da Du". Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin.
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It was Tomb-Sweeping Day that day. When it rained, the poet Du Mu was walking on the road. Qingming Festival, although it is a season with colorful flowers and bright spring, is also a period when the climate is prone to change, and it often catches up with "noisy weather". As early as the Liang Dynasty, it was recorded that during the Cold Food Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day two days ago, "strong winds and continuous rain" often occurred. If it rains on Qingming Day, there is also a special name called "pouring rain on fire". It was such a day that the poet met.
The poet used the word "one after another" to describe the "pouring rain" that day, which was really great. "One after another", if described by snow, should be heavy snow. But writing about rain is just the opposite. It is not the heavy rain that makes people feel "one after another", but the rain in Mao Mao. This kind of Mao Mao rain is the characteristic of spring rain. There is a lot of rain in Mao Mao, which is the kind of rain that is "like crisp rain in the sky". It is different from the torrential rain in summer, and it is by no means the same as the intermittent autumn rain. This song "After the Rain" just captures the spirit of Tomb-Sweeping Day's "pouring fire on the rain" and conveys the beautiful realm of "being a cold bully, having a bright future and another village".
This song "one after another" naturally describes the artistic conception of spring rain; But it's more than that. It also has a special function, that is, it actually describes the mood of travelers in the rain.
Look at the following sentence: "pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." A "pedestrian" is a person who goes out for a trip, not a spring outing. So what is "broken soul"? In poetry, "soul" mainly refers to spiritual and emotional things. "Soul-breaking" refers to trying to describe the feelings hidden in the heart, which are very strong, but not clearly expressed outside, such as love, disappointment, dark sorrow and deep hatred for acacia. When poets have such emotions, they often like to use the word "broken soul" to express their feelings.
Tomb-Sweeping Day in the ancient sense is not exactly the same as our concept of it today. At that time, Tomb-Sweeping Day was a big festival with rich colors and emotional appeal. It should have been family reunion, sightseeing or grave-sweeping, which is the main etiquette and custom. In addition to the princes and grandchildren who love flowers and wine, some thoughtful poets, especially those with rich feelings, have quite complicated feelings. If you catch up with the lonely road again and feel sad, it will be easier to stir his heart. It happened that we caught up with one rain after another in Mao Mao, and the shirts in spring were all wet, adding another layer of sadness to pedestrians. In this way, we can understand why the poet wrote the word "broken soul" at this juncture; Otherwise, if it rains a little, it will be worth "breaking the soul". Isn't that reasonable?
In this way, we can return to the word "one after another". People who used to travel on holidays already have a lot on their minds. In addition, they are scattered in the wind and rain, walking in the rain, making their mood more miserable. So they all describe spring rain, but they can also describe emotions; It can even be said that the description of spring rain is to describe emotions. This is a stunt and a landscape in China's classical poetry.
The first two sentences explain the situation and the problem has also occurred. What shall we do? We need to find a solution. Pedestrians can't help thinking at this moment: where can I find a small hotel? The matter is clear: find a small hotel, rest your feet and take shelter from the rain; Second, drink three cups to relieve the cold in spring and warm clothes wet by rain; Most importantly, it can also dispel my sadness. So, ask someone for directions.
Who did you ask for directions? The poet didn't tell us in the third sentence, but the wonderful thing is in the fourth sentence: "The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village". Grammatically speaking, "shepherd boy" is the subject of this sentence, but it is also the object of the previous sentence "I'm sorry"-it complements both sides of the previous question and answer. Did the shepherd boy answer? We don't know, but taking "action" as an answer is more vivid and powerful than an answer.
"Yao" literally means far. However, we who read poetry must not stick to the literal meaning everywhere and think that Xinghua Village must be far away from here. This finger made us like it. If it is really far away, it is difficult to have an artistic connection. If it is really in front of you, you will lose endless interest: beauty is not far away. "Xinghua Village" is not necessarily the real village name, nor does it necessarily refer to restaurants. It is enough to point to this beautiful village in the depths of apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel waiting to receive guests walking in the rain.
The poem only wrote "pointing to Xinghua Village" and stopped abruptly, without a word. The rest, these poets "don't care" how happy pedestrians are when they hear the news, how to take a step forward, how to find a restaurant with excitement, and how to get "satisfaction and pleasure" from rain and sadness. He left all this behind and left it to the readers to imagine and let them seek understanding. He just introduces the realm of a poem to readers, but he is not responsible for guiding the panorama; On the other hand, he opened a wider imagination space for readers than this poem shows. This is the inexhaustible nature of art.
This is the enjoyment of poets and our readers, this is art, and this is where China's classical poems are particularly good at. The ancients once said that a good poem can be "like a scene that is difficult to write, such as in front of us;" Endless meaning lies in words. "Take this poem" Qingming Festival "for example. In a sense, it is well-deserved.
This little poem, without any difficult words and allusions, is written in very popular language and has no trace of management. The syllables are very harmonious and complete, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. Poetry is also natural in style and written in order. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere, which is "on"; The second sentence is "Cheng", which describes the characters and shows their sad and confused mentality. The third sentence is "turn", but it also puts forward how to get rid of this mentality; This directly forced out the fourth sentence and became the highlight of the whole article-"he". In art, this is a technique from low to high, gradually rising, and the climax is at the end. The so-called climax is not an unobstructed view, but an intriguing aftertaste. These are the highlights of the poet, and they are also worth learning and inheriting!