Choose a neutral acidic garden or dry field with flat terrain, sunny lee, good drainage, convenient water source and fertile soil as the nursery ground. Using steel frame greenhouse to raise seedlings, the greenhouse generally runs north and south. Advocate autumn soil preparation, autumn threshing and autumn application of agricultural fertilizer. Remove wheat stubble, break bread crumbs and level the bed surface. Application of seedling strengthening agent: Xinyang organic seedling strengthening agent can be selected. Use according to the product instructions.
seed treatment
Seed selection: salt water is the best. Mixed with salt water with the specific gravity of 1: 13 (about 50 1 kg water and 12 kg salt), tested with fresh eggs, the eggs will contact the water in the salt water for 5 cents. Remove chaff, rice and wash for 2 ~ 3 times.
Seed dosage per hectare: Generally, the seed dosage of pot seedlings is 25 kg (germination rate is above 95%), and that of dry seedlings is 30-40 kg. More saline-alkali land, less non-saline land, less dry farming and sparse planting.
Sun-drying seeds: choose sunny days, spread straw mats or cement yards on the dry and flat ground with a thickness of one inch, and sun them for 2 ~ 3 days. Sun them in the daytime, and turn them frequently during sun-drying, so as to improve the activity of seeds.
Seed soaking and disinfection: the purpose is to make the seeds fully absorb water, which is beneficial to germination, and at the same time disinfect and prevent bakanae disease. There are many disinfectants in production at present. The evil Miao Jing (Duo Xiaoling) is widely used. Each bag of this product contains 100g, 50 kg of water is added, 40 kg of seeds are soaked after stirring, and the seeds are soaked at room temperature for 5-7 days. The soaked seeds can germinate directly without washing with clear water.
Accelerate germination. String the soaked seeds with water at 35℃ to raise the temperature of the seeds, then cover them tightly with warm-keeping articles, and break their chests at 30-32℃, which is strictly prohibited; When about 80% of the seeds have broken breasts, they should be cooled to 25℃ for germination, and the seeds should be turned frequently to make them evenly heated and germinated; When the bud length is 1mm, the temperature is lowered to 15-20℃ for low-temperature planting, and the bud length is less than 2mm.
sow seeds
When the temperature steadily exceeds 5-6℃ that day, sowing begins. Seeding seedlings in machine-inserted tray are125-150g per tray, and seeding seedlings in pot tray are 3 per hole. Before sowing, water should be poured from the bottom, and after sowing, the seeds should be compacted so that the seeds are buried on three sides. Cover the seeds with the screened fertile soil without grass seeds, and the covering thickness is 0.5- 1.0 cm. After sowing, spread a plastic film on the bed surface and remove it immediately after seedling emergence.
Miaochang management
Temperature management: from sowing to seedling stage, sealed and insulated. When seedlings emerge to the heart stage of 1 leaf 1, pay attention to start ventilation and hardening seedlings. The temperature in the shed does not exceed 28℃. At the seedling stage of 1.5-2.5, the ventilation rate should be gradually increased, and the greenhouse temperature should be controlled at 25℃ to prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature and growing white. The seedlings should be uncovered at night during the 2.5-3.0 leaf stage, and the greenhouse temperature should be controlled at about 20℃. If there is a "canopy" phenomenon when seedlings emerge, the jacked plastic film should be broken in time.
Water management: In principle, do not water the seedlings before the 2-leaf stage, and keep the soil moist. If the bed surface cracks, it should be replenished in time. After the 2-leaf stage of seedlings, the seedbed soil should be watered early and late when it is dry, and each watering should be thorough. But don't drown it with water.
Weeding in seedbed: Because the soil in seedbed has been weeded in advance, there will not be many weeds on the surface of seedbed, but with the growth of seedling age, weeds in seedbed will germinate, so weeds in seedling stage should be pulled out by manpower frequently.
Prevention of damping-off disease: spray the seedlings with 1.5% polyoxin 300 times solution per leaf, 1-2 kg per square meter, or 1-2 times acidified water with PH value of 4 (5 m vinegar 1: 10 times clear water), and then use it.
Fertilization on seedbed: When the seedling has 2 1 ~ 3 leaves, apply Xinyang organic fertilizer 0.5 kg per square meter on the bed surface, and then rinse it with clean water.
Transplanting technique
Water soil preparation should be carried out 3-5 days before transplanting, leveling and harrowing, so that the height of the pool is not more than inches, and fertilizer and water are not discharged. Transplanting will start when the daily average temperature stably passes through 12℃, and will end at the end of May, and will not be transplanted in June. Generally, the row spacing of medium fertility plots is 9×4 inches, and high fertility plots are cultivated in ultra-thin way, with transplanting specifications of 9×5 inches and 3-4 basic seedlings per hole.
Honda management
Fertilization: The base fertilizer is Xinyang brand organic fertilizer (organic matter content? 30%) 1500 kg/ha, topdressing "Xinyang" organic fertilizer 350 kg/ha after the rice turns green, and topdressing "Xinyang" organic fertilizer 150 kg on July 5-/kloc-0.
Irrigation: There are two kinds of water consumption during rice growth: physiological water demand and ecological water demand. Physiological water demand refers to the water that maintains normal physiological activities and maintains water balance in the body, mainly referring to leaf transpiration; Ecological water demand system refers to the amount of water needed to adjust the ecological environment of rice fields and adapt to rice growth, mainly referring to evaporation between trees and soil leakage. The principle of irrigation water is to meet the physiological water demand of rice, minimize the ecological water use, and adopt the water-saving irrigation technology of shallow and wet combination and intermittent irrigation.
Greening period. The irrigation principle in greening period is to create a stable water environment for plants, promote plants to grow new roots as soon as possible, and accelerate greening. After transplanting, it depends on the size of the seedlings. Generally, 3-5 cm of water is lightly poured to keep the field dry. Tillering stage. Tillering stage is the vegetative growth stage of rice, which is sensitive to the amount of water. With too little water, the effective tillers are reduced, and saline-alkali land is easily affected by soil salt return and seedlings die. Too deep water layer will make the soil poorly ventilated, inhibit tillering buds and terminate tillering. At this time, 3 cm shallow water layer can be irrigated to promote the early growth and rapid development of tillers, and pay attention to changing water and replenishing water. At the end of tillering, rice is not sensitive to water, so depending on the tillering situation of rice, moderate dry land can be used to control ineffective tillering; From booting stage to heading and flowering stage. The booting stage is the period when the water demand of rice is the largest, accounting for 25-35% of that of water requirement during whole growth stages, and it is extremely sensitive to water, so it is necessary to irrigate about 5 cm at this stage. During this period, the rice fields that grow too fast should be drained 2-3 times in time to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, reduce the amino acid content of rice, and play the role of disease prevention and lodging resistance; Mature. Includes two stages: milk ripening and yellow ripening. During the milking stage, a lot of nutrients in the stems and leaves are transported to the seeds, and irrigation should meet the stable soil moist environment needed by plants. The effect of "nourishing roots with qi, protecting leaves with roots, and promoting ripening with leaves" can be achieved by adopting shallow and wet alternate irrigation. After full heading, when the leaf color is light, grain fertilizer can be applied with irrigation. After irrigation, there is no water before, and 50% of the area is cut off after yellow ripening 10 day. Pay attention to avoid premature water cut-off, and it is generally appropriate to cut off water 7- 10 days before harvest.
Eliminate pests and diseases
Insect control (1) Use Trichogramma to control Chilo suppressalis. During the peak period of adults, bees were released twice to control eggs, with 6.5438+0.5 million eggs per hectare, with an interval of 5-7 days. (2) Using sex attractants to trap and kill adults. There are 15 traps per hectare in the paddy field (1 trap per acre), and each trap is placed with a lure core. Jiaduo brand frequency vibration PS- 15I light-controlled insecticidal lamp can control 3 hectares of paddy fields and turn on the light to trap and kill rice pests. (3) Shallow water irrigation, combined with field drying, to control the leaf miner.
Disease prevention. Using biological agents to control rice diseases. (1) When the leaf blast reaches the second grade, the rice blast is sprayed with 0.9 kg/ha of 6% kasugamycin wettable powder and 75 kg of water, and can be sprayed again in severe cases; When the heading rate reaches 1/3, it is sprayed once according to the above method to control rice ear neck blast. (2) When the incidence rate reaches 20%, spray 5% jinggangmycin aqueous solution1500g/ha on the middle and lower parts of rice plants, and add 75kg of water; 750g/ha of 10% jinggangmycin wettable powder can also be mixed with water for routine spraying. (3) Spraying 750g/ha of 10% jinggangmycin wettable powder or 2.25l of 5% 5% water solution 7- 10 days before heading of rice can prevent and control ear neck blast at the same time.
harvest
Rice can be harvested when 90% of the grains are yellow. When harvesting, bundle the rice into small bundles, put them on the herringbone frame to dry, turn the rice bundles 1 time for 6-7 days, and dry them for 6-7 days. When the water content of rice drops to 15% ~ 16%, threshing can be carried out.