I. Tang Dynasty

Blue and white in Tang Dynasty belongs to the origin of blue and white porcelain. At this time, blue and white porcelain is relatively rare, with simple composition and dark hair color, and the overall process is not yet mature. Judging from the blue-and-white porcelain unearthed in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, the blue-and-white porcelain at that time was rich in color, with crystal spots in the brush strokes, low in manganese and iron, and containing copper and cobalt, which was probably imported from Central Asia and West Asia. Blue and white decorative patterns in Tang Dynasty can be divided into two categories. One is the traditional flowers in China, mostly carnations and plum blossoms. The other is a typical Arabic pattern, which shows that blue and white porcelain in Tang Dynasty is mainly exported.

Second, the Song Dynasty

Blue-and-white porcelain did not develop rapidly after it appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and the number of blue-and-white porcelain in the Song Dynasty was still very rare. So far, we can only see more than ten pieces of porcelain unearthed from two Taki sites. Blue-and-white porcelain in Song Dynasty was thick and black, and some were soft and elegant. In terms of decorative techniques, blue-and-white porcelain in Song Dynasty has both underglaze and underglaze colors, mostly faint colors. At this time, the blue-and-white porcelain should be local cobalt, which is not directly related to the blue-and-white porcelain of Tang Dynasty.

Third, the Yuan Dynasty.

Mature blue and white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. The green materials used in Yuan blue and white flowers can be divided into domestic materials and imported materials: domestic materials are high in manganese and low in iron, and their hair color is cyan; Liqing imported from Ma Su is a low-iron cobalt material, green and bright, such as sapphire, with rust spots. At that time, the binary formula of "porcelain stone+kaolin" made the blue-and-white ware thick and full, and the glaze color was turbid.

Fourth, Ming Hongwu.

The blue materials used by Hong Wuchao are mainly domestic materials. Some blue-and-white hair colors are light blue, some are gray, and the light blue ones will appear halo.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Ming Yongxuan

The blue and white porcelain wares in Yongxuan period reached a high level. The green materials used in this period were mainly imported from Sumatra, characterized by rich colors, faint lines and "rust spots". In addition, the domestic green materials selected in this issue have quite beautiful hair colors. North Korea has also created many classic objects with dignified shapes, tight fetuses and bright hair colors, such as hand-tied, chrysanthemum petal heart cups, lying treasure feet and so on, thus creating the golden age of blue and white porcelain in China.

Six, Ming Chenghong

During Chenghua years, the imported green materials have dried up, and the domestic Ping Dengqing materials are rising day by day. This cobalt material contains less iron and more manganese, which makes the blue and white hair soft and elegant, and the blue and white flashing gray is stable, always showing the style of ink painting.

Seven, Ming Zheng Dewanjia

In this period, recycled materials are mostly used, which is a kind of cobalt material with high manganese and low iron. Its color is stable and pure, and the color of the material is blue and purple. If used alone, it will not be collected, so craftsmen will mix it with the elegant "Shi Ziqing". In the middle and late Wanli period, blue and white porcelain will also use materials from Shi Ziqing or Zhejiang, showing a faint blue and white.

Eight, the Qing emperor Kangxi

The Kangxi dynasty had a long time span, rich kinds of utensils and exquisite craftsmanship. During this period, Zhejiang materials and pearl materials were mostly used. Zhejiang material is a cobalt material with low iron and manganese, and its hair color is green; Pearl hair color is bright and pure, blue and white. At this time, craftsmen have a strong knowledge of water division, and they can show five color levels in blue-and-white porcelain paintings, making the ink levels colorful and distinct. It is worth mentioning that the artifacts in Kangxi blue and white are made of fine pearls.

Nine, Qing Gan Yong

During the period of Gan Yong, the blue-and-white wares of Jingdezhen official kiln were all made of Zhejiang, with rich colors and elegant colors, including Zi Yuan, Purple and Azure, among which "Zi Yuan" currently adopted in Gan Yong was the best. The blue-and-white wares of this period wanted to imitate the feeling of the blue-and-white wares announced by Ming Yong, but the imported green materials were already exhausted and could not present "natural" crystal spots, so craftsmen shook them by hand and created artificial rust spots with pen and ink.

Qing Jiaqing

Jiaqing blue and white basically inherited the legacy of Qianlong, and it is almost the same as Qianlong in shape and decoration. Although the production is strict, it lacks the motivation for innovation. Jiaqing blue and white is painted with domestic Zhejiang materials, and the color is mostly dark blue and rich, with a little dizzy. In the late Jiaqing period, some colors appeared dark, light blue and floating.

Xi。 Guangxu in Qing dynasty

Guangxu blue-and-white porcelain was once very popular, and a notable feature of the official kiln in this dynasty was the imitation of Kangxi Qianlong blue-and-white porcelain. High-quality imitations are close to or reach the level of Kanggan, but most of the works have Guangxu characteristics. There are four main hair colors of Guangxu blue and white: light blue and fresh Zhejiang materials are used to paint high-grade wares of official kilns, bright and pure blue materials are used to paint antique porcelain, bright and purplish sea blue is a typical Guangxu hair color, and blue and gray materials are used to paint coarse porcelain.

12. Wang Bu, Republic of China

Mr Wang Bu, the king of blue and white, pays great attention to the color of green materials and enamel. Most of the green materials he used were prepared by himself. Generally speaking, the green material is slightly blue-black, giving people a solemn, rich and quiet feeling.