Take western Shu, gather people from the south, and reject things from the north. In Zhong Jun's records, Jin Mu's divination was changed, and the water surface could be attacked by fire.
Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming, was a statesman and strategist in Shu and Han Dynasties. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he became the prime minister of Shu Han, and was later named as the marquis of Wuxiang, leading Yizhou as a shepherd. During his reign, he vigorously governed the country and carried out the policy of reclaiming farmland, which improved the relationship with southwest ethnic minorities and promoted the development of local economy and culture. He sent troops to attack Wei five times, with the intention of the Central Plains, but failed to do so. In the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), he died in Wuzhangyuan (now Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province) army.
After Zhuge Liang's death, in order to commemorate his achievements, later generations built a temple of marquis of Wu where he lived as a memorial. Since the Western Jin Dynasty, the literati of past dynasties have come here in an endless stream to pay their respects, leaving a pair of popular couplets. Among these couplets, some are cleverly embedded with characters, which are ingenious and original.
Wollongong, located in Nanyang City, Henan Province, is said to be the land cultivated by Zhuge Liang in those years. It has elegant scenery and unique architecture. There is such a couplet in Wuhou Temple: "Take the two rivers, put eight arrays, capture six in seven, and set up forty-nine lanterns in Zhang Wu, with one heart only for three concerns;" Take West Shu, gather South Yi, and refuse East and North. China's military account is based on the divination of gold and civil engineering, and the water surface can be attacked by fire. "It is not difficult to see from this pair of couplets that the numbers from one to ten are embedded in the first couplet and the" five faces "and" five elements "are embedded in the second couplet, which highly summarizes Zhu Gekongming's life.
Wuhou Temple in the southern suburbs of Chengdu, Sichuan Province was built by Li Xiong of sixteen countries in the late Western Jin Dynasty in memory of Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu Han. The ancient cypresses in the shrine are lush and magnificent, and there is also a couplet here to praise Zhuge Liang's merits and demerits in Sichuan: "I have been cautious all my life, crossing the southern border for seven times and leaving the northern border for six times, and when it is destroyed, I can respect it; Ten times the glory of lotus, eight wars became famous, two rivers were blessed, and the quartet elite. Three points of merit will be returned to the father. " In addition, "two tables and three notes, one pair is enough for a thousand years. "This pair of couplets only used ten short words, praising Zhuge Liang's brilliant SHEN WOO, devoted himself to his life and died. The so-called "two tables" refers to the first and second "models" that Zhuge Liang made for the great cause of Shu and Han after he entered Sichuan; "Returning a pair" refers to "Longzhong Dui" written by Liu Bei when he visited the Caotang, in which Zhuge Liang made an incisive analysis of "three points in the world".
There is a tomb of Zhuge Liang in Dingjun Mountain, Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, which was buried here after Zhuge Liang left Wuzhangyuan, where Wei died of illness. There is such a couplet in Wuhou Temple here, which can be said to be a conclusion for Zhuge Liang's life. The couplet says: "Righteousness and bravery are loyal to the liver, which appears for the second time since the Six Classics;" Entrust an orphan to death, three generations and one person. (Excerpted from popular science news: Wu)
I think Zhuge Liang's "dedication"
Author: Shimadzu Yihe reposted from: Three Kingdoms historical and cultural unity community
Zhuge Liang was born in Nanyang in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Outstanding statesman, strategist and diplomat in the Three Kingdoms period. He left a glorious image of "wisdom" and "integrity" to future generations, and he is a well-known historical figure in East Asia. Left many stories and famous sayings that have been passed down through the ages. Here, I'd like to talk about my humble opinion on Zhuge Liang's "devoting all his efforts to death".
Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1) and died in the 12th year of the founding of Shu (A.D. 234) at the age of 54. In 207 AD, when Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang, who was 27 years old, he incisively analyzed the general trend of the world and put forward the idea of uniting with Cao Cao and Sun Zi, thus unifying the way of the world, that is, the famous "Long Zhong Dui":
"Since Dong Zhuo's rebellion came, heroes have joined forces, and there are countless people across States and even counties. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and took the weak as the strong, which not only suppressed the weather, but also suppressed others. Today, there are millions of people in Cao Cao, holding the emperor to make the princes. This sincerity can't compete with each other. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of heaven and earth is the reason why Gaozu became emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking of the wise and thirsty. If there are advantages and interests spanning, the rock resistance will be guaranteed, Sun Quan will be consolidated in the west, Yi Yue will be consolidated in the south, and the political world will be improved. Then the Jingzhou army was ordered to turn to Wan and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan, but the people did not dare. If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. "
I quote Longzhong Dui here, mainly to testify for this article. Let's first analyze why Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Liu Bei until he died. Zhuge Liang was originally "bent on Nanyang, not seeking Wen Da as a vassal". According to the survey data, Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion for ten years after his uncle Zhuge Xuanzhi went to Xiangyang and died, and the time was from 197 to 207. Have no heart to be an official. When Xu Shu recommended Zhuge, Zhuge Liang listened to the words and said, "You treat me as a sacrifice", because Liu Bei "didn't take the meanness of the minister, but wasted his money. He cared about the minister in the thatched cottage and asked him about worldly matters, so he was grateful and galloped with Mr. Xu Di". It can be seen that Zhuge Liang didn't want to be an official at first, but was moved by the sincerity of Liu Bei's three visits to the cottage, leaving the official position and doing his best to die. Liu Bei "invited three times, two lines of tears, one mouth, Zhuge earned his life."
Liu Bei, a weak person in the cold race, has taken refuge in Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and Liu Biao successively, and has no fixed place to live, wandering around and being frightened like a lost dog. After he got Zhuge Liang, he relied on the policy of "Long Zhong Dui" in the little red book to establish the country. According to the historical records of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Han has the smallest area, the weakest national strength, less land and fewer people. Shu Han is located in the wild, and only Sichuan Plain and Jianghan Plain are granaries, which can contribute to national strength. Shu and Han need to start from Zhu Rong in the west and Fuyiyue in the south, and manage Sun Quan externally and internally until the world changes greatly. If he wants to unify the world, he must order a general to lead Jingzhou's army from Qinchuan to Wan, Luo and Yizhou. It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's plan is to recover the Central Plains with the strength of the two armies.
According to Zhuge Liang's plan, the first step is to occupy Yizhou and Jingzhou, and then build the country. Then Shu Han needs to go to Zhu Rong in the west, to Fuyue in the south, to Sun Quan in the outside, and to repair politics internally until the world changes. Unfortunately, this plan was accidentally broken by Guan Yu in Jingzhou, and Zhuge Liang had to "do his best and die." Liu Bei captured Yizhou in Liuzhang, but did not capture the central part of Korea. Instead, he went east to compete with Soochow for three counties in the south of the Yangtze River, resulting in a conflict with Sun Quan. Later, he became hot-headed, which led to Guan Yu's Northern Expedition. As a result, Guan Yu defended his land, was greedy and abandoned righteousness, was headstrong, looked down on Dongwu, and bravely defeated Maicheng. Liu Bei's momentary passion turned against Sun Quan. Lose Jingzhou and lose the alliance with Soochow. If you make bad friends with Wu Dong, you will be caught in a two-faced battle and be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis; If you lose Jingzhou, you will lose a granary, and you will lose the Central Plains Road on the eastern front. As a result, the soldiers were tired and the people were weak, and Shu Han lost the power to unify the world.
Zhuge Liang should retire at this moment and earn his own living all the year round. However, at the end of his life, Liu Bei's Baidi City was an orphan, pitiful. He also suggested that the child can be made up and let him be the master of Chengdu. Liu Bei knew that Master Liu was a fatuous and evil man, and he hypocritically brought it up first, so Zhuge Liang earned loyalty. As a result, Zhuge Liang was cold and at a loss, crying and kneeling on the ground. He said: "I dare to do my best, do my loyalty, and then die." Liu Chan is weak and incompetent. Under the current circumstances, in order to protect himself, he can only retreat to Sichuan. But Zhuge Liang promised Liu Bei to unify the Central Plains, so he had to continue the Northern Expedition.
Zhuge Liang knows that "mending the sky is not easy, but it needs great efforts." However, I am grateful for the kindness of the first emperor. Do what you know you can't do! He knew that Liu Chan would be conquered in the future, and he would devote himself to his duties day by day. As the saying goes, "Till death do us part." Besides, instead of doing nothing, I may still have a chance if I don't fight to the death. Only by eating into Wei's territory can we stir up trouble and disintegrate the enemy front.
Zhuge Liang's "devote all his efforts to death" is also manifested in killing Wei Yan before he died. Some people say that Wei Yan is a great talent, and Zhuge Liang killed him for no reason. I think Zhuge Liang would rather kill by mistake than miss it. Wei Yan's talent is true, but he is too ambitious. After Zhuge Liang's death, it will inevitably threaten the dominant position of the fatuous Liu Chan. For the sake of Liu Chan, Zhuge Liang had to kill Wei Yan as an excuse.
Do what you know you can't do! The so-called "a scholar dies for a bosom friend." At all times and in all countries, everyone says that Guan Yu is the embodiment of righteousness. I think Zhuge Liang's "devote all my efforts to death" is an unprecedented embodiment of "righteousness", and Zhu Gekongming will live forever! ! !
Zhuge Liang in My Eyes —— Talking from "Three Crys" of Kongming
Author: Yang Fang
In 220 AD, princes rose up and the world was in dispute. In the beautiful bamboo forest and thatched cottage, a middle-aged man wore a nylon scarf and held a feather fan in his hand. He is in the thatched cottage, and his heart is connected with the world. He looked at the rise and fall, and his heart was full of rivers and mountains. He said, "People and people win the world." So the story of three visits to Mao Lu created a generation of great men, outstanding politicians and military strategists-Zhuge Liang. Zhu Gekongming, with his outstanding political and military abilities, established Shu State, prospered Han industry, and made painstaking efforts to govern Han. With its wisdom, its feelings and its righteousness, it shows the great spirit of a generation of books, which makes people admire, intoxicate, crazy and crazy.
Zhuge Liang, written by Luo Guanzhong, has profound talent, foresight and the power to reverse Gan Kun. He is resourceful and unpredictable. One boat borrows an arrow, three in, and the east wind fights Chibi. Six out of Qishan, seven capture Meng Huo, an empty city in front of Sima. Wei Zhen travels in all directions. "It's amazing." He dispatched troops and made good use of people. Battle of Red Cliffs, knowing that Guan Yu was a man of deep affection and righteousness, also sent him to guard the main road. As a result, Guan Yu on Huarong Road missed his old love and gave up on himself, letting his old enemy Cao Cao go. Some people say it's Kong Ming's fault, and he missed the opportunity. However, this is not entirely correct. Look, when master Liu Bei was eager to stop him, he said, "Yun Chang is a man of temperament, so Cao Cao must be released." How can a saint let him guard the avenue? " Hearing this, Kong Ming raised his voice and sighed, "This is an act of God, and God will not destroy Cao. If Wei perishes, Wu Dong will surely rise. This is a powerful enemy, and it only occupies a profitable area. Shu is hard to compete with it and is bound to perish. Today's world is divided into three parts, showing the trend of tripartite confrontation. Take this opportunity to promote agriculture, strengthen the granary, and save your strength before you can break the enemy. And Yun Chang will always be more loyal to Shu after this battle. This is my great plan! " From this point of view, letting Cao Cao go is not accidental, nor is it Kong's failure, but the situation forced him to do nothing.
Another example is Wei Yan. At that time, there were three pillars, and Shu's strength was relatively weak. Zhuge Liang struggled to survive in the crisis and naturally paid attention to recruiting talents. Besides Zhao and Wei Yan. Zhuge Liang took great pains in using it. Wei Yan can also be brave and good at fighting, and has repeatedly made meritorious military service. However, this person is disloyal and faithless. Zhuge Liang knew that he would rebel in the future, but the country was employing people, and this person had to use it, especially after Zhao and others died. Besides, if you don't use it, you may be used by the enemy. Zhuge Liang used him while guarding against him. When Zhuge Liang was dying from overwork, he ordered Wei Yan to break. That night, Wei Yan suddenly had a dream that there were two horns on his head. He knew it was a symbol of good luck, so he rose up and resisted, just as Zhuge Liang said. Or Zhuge Liang had arranged, left a sleeve, let Ma Dai cut Wei Yan's head. Know that he has a rebellious heart, or use it. This is like walking a tightrope. Zhuge Liang had a good idea. He dared not openly rebel when he was alive. No pity. Killing them before they rebelled made the soldiers feel cold. Only by laying an ambush around and killing it in one fell swoop, generally speaking, there is no doubt about employing people, but under certain circumstances, how to achieve the best results flexibly is really great wisdom.
When evaluating Zhuge Liang, Lu Xun thought that he was too divine and almost "demon". I can't deeply understand the comments of my predecessors. In my opinion, it is a "demon", which has a derogatory meaning. I don't think so. Although Zhuge Liang's cleverness is close to myth, calling him a "demon" is inevitably too harsh. He is just a man, a man of flesh and blood, and a man who values friendship.
In the battle of Jieting, Ma Su rushed to the top, and talked wildly again and again, which didn't attract his attention. This is his negligence. Pai Wang Ping, I wonder how Ma Su will listen to Wang Ping. This is another oversight. As a result, we lost our fighters, lost our land, lost our victory, lost our spirit, lost the great cause of destroying Wei Xinghan, and lost the wisdom that politicians and military strategists should have. It can be said that "one small step will become eternal hatred." This is a great failure of Kong Ming's life. Of course, there was Kong Ming's mistake, but it didn't happen. You see, when Ma Su was recruiting, Kongming had doubts, but the factors had a favorable impression on him, which could not erase his face. Therefore, he entrusted an important task and investigated its root cause, which was a word "affection". Afterwards, Kong Ming cried, "Your righteousness is like a brother to me, and your son is my son. There is no need to ask more. " This cry, a wave of his hand, caused deep remorse, delayed the fighter plane, improperly employed people, and harmed Masu, Tired and his family, which shows the depth of his "affection". The importance of "righteousness" can be seen in the placement and care of the Masu family. Kong Ming shouted. When Jiang Wan joined the army for mercy, Kong Ming cried and replied, "The people who cherish Sun Wu so that he can win the battle in the world are clearly used. Today, the four sides split up and the battle began. If the law is abolished, why seek thieves? We should cut it down. " This cry, and how many emotions. Ma Su will be beheaded. Although he can't bear it, he will enforce the law strictly. He cried because he wanted to behead himself and hated himself for not making good use of others. The street pavilion fell, the war situation was irreversible, and the prosperity of the Han dynasty was slim, from which sorrow came. Why don't you cry? When Masu finished his work, Kong Ming began to cry again. Jiang Wan asked: "The Prime Minister often offended when he was young. Since it is military, why are you crying?" ? "Kongming said," I'm not crying for Ma Su. I think, when the late Emperor was in danger in Baidicheng, he told me,' Ma Su is exaggerating and can't be of great use. Today, if I should follow his words, I deeply hate my ignorance and remember the words of my late emperor, so I cry bitterly! "The size of a soldier, all have a runny nose. This cry, how much grief and indignation welled up in my heart, in front of the once Maolin River; Autumn soldiers on the battlefield; Talking about the past and present with ancient emperors and the vast fields and the world is vivid. Thinking about the old kindness and regretting that I didn't listen to my late emperor, it was a waste of my late emperor's painstaking efforts. I deeply hate my ignorance and have lost the great cause of developing China. I'm sorry for the kindness of my late emperor, but it's affectionate, a word of "affection".
I think there is only one thing that Kong Ming is not "bright". When the first emperor, Baidicheng, entrusted orphans, he said, "Little master Liu Chan is incompetent and greedy for pleasure. When absolutely necessary, the Prime Minister can replace him and cheer me up. " However, no matter what the late emperor said, Kong Ming never violated his "feelings", and remained faithful and devoted himself to Shu until he died. How can the word "kindness" be enough? "It's a pity that the king won fame before and after his death!" Later generations once commented on Zhuge Liangyun:
Always care about the world.
During his two terms in power, he served the kingdom wholeheartedly.
He died before he started.
Attack and retreat
A generation of Zhuge Wuhou, his feelings can be expressed in the sky; Its meaning, the earth moved by it; Its wisdom is passed down from generation to generation; Its loyalty, admired by future generations, can be described as: a ray of clear soul died in the sky, leaving innocence in the world!
I think Zhuge Liang
Author: Zhang Wenxiang
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition has always been controversial. So far, the mainstream view of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition has been appreciated by both scholars and laymen. But at present, some innovative friends on the internet have put forward various opinions, which can be summarized as follows: first, it will drag down the national strength of Shu Han; Second, Zhuge Liang respects himself.
MQ is incompetent, and I also want to talk about some personal views.
First of all, the second point of view-Zhuge Liang's self-respect for soldiers. I think this statement is half right. Zhuge Liang has always been a soldier. He supports the army and holds power, but I think when it comes to "self-respect", it is definitely not. No matter from the perspective of Zhuge Liang's humanity and actual history, Zhuge Liang did not split the regime and monopolize one side.
Speaking of the first question, I think friends who hold the above views may put Jiang Wei's account on Zhuge Liang, because some friends often say in their posts that "Jiang Weijiu attacked the Central Plains and completely dragged down the national strength of Shu Han, but in fact he just followed Zhuge Liang's old path, and the reasons for the demise of Shu Han have existed since Zhuge Liang." In this regard, my opinion is that I disagree with this similar statement. Because judging whether a country's national strength has been dragged down depends on several hard indicators, such as 1. Whether the government or cabinet (not regime) has collapsed; 2. Whether the economy has collapsed; 3. Whether the living standard of ordinary people is low; 4. Is the country divided? Correspondingly, in ancient society, it was 1. The cabinet was dismissed; 2. Financial expenditure cannot make ends meet; 3. Mourn everywhere and starve everywhere; 4. Peasant uprising, regime split. It is obviously impossible to measure Zhuge Liang's rule with these indicators. The reason for this is the following：
1. Zhuge Liang was not impeached until his death, and the main members of his cabinet, such as Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and Dong Yun, continued to take power, continuing Zhuge's old system; As for the army, Jiang Wei, Liao Hua and Dong Jue are still the main commanders of the Shu-Han army. Politics is clear, and there is no such thing as loyal ministers avoiding disasters and villains in power. In the struggle against Huang Hao, the traitor's representative, Dong Xiang still had the obvious upper hand, not the political affairs after Jiang Xiang.
2. During the period of "Siyingxiang", it was not recorded that Shu and Han could not make ends meet and the country could still operate.
3. In Jiang Xiang, ChristianRandPhillips and other "Four English Faces", the common people have never met. The population statistics of Liu Bei's Zhangwu period were roughly the same as that of Liu Chan's surrender.
There is no record of the peasant uprising.
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition (at least until the early period of Jiang Wei) did not seriously weaken the national strength of Shu Han. You can't blame Zhuge Liang for the political chaos in Jiang Wei's later period. In addition, we can see that Zhuge Liang's retreat is basically due to lack of food and grass. Among them, the second siege took the initiative to retreat after only 20 days, indicating that Zhuge Liang's military action was mainly based on the actual support from the rear. Once there is a problem with logistics supply, Zhuge Liang will take the initiative to withdraw his troops. He cares about the overall economic situation and will not blindly increase military spending regardless of the consequences, which is qualitatively different from Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition. Jiang Wei is basically exhausted.
I think Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is a struggle for the international status of Shu and Han (three kingdoms and some minority regimes), and it is a military action with a certain goal of winning political and diplomatic points internationally.
Zhuge Liang's slogan of restoring the Han Dynasty has no influence. The chaos in the world at the end of the Han Dynasty made the people of the Central Plains hate this decadent dynasty. Cao Wei began to weaken the royal family, support the big landlords and make the landlord class support its political power. People also look forward to peace. To them, Zhuge Liang is not a teacher of justice, nor is Cao Wei a thief. Both sides are antagonistic regimes split after the demise of the legal regime in the Han Dynasty, so there is no distinction between justice and evil. Whoever finally reunites the country and lets the people recuperate will be supported and accepted by the people. Therefore, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was not just and certainly not evil.
As we all know, Shu Han is the weakest regime in the three countries. Except for the plain in central Sichuan, most of the territory is underdeveloped and very poor and backward. So both Cao Wei and Sun Wu want to annex it, and then the two countries will compete. If Shu Han wants to rise from a third-rate country and win the respect of the "international community", he must expand his international influence. Therefore, strengthening the alliance with Sun Wu, a second-rate country, is its basic national policy to ensure that the two weak are against one and win a place.
In the diplomatic relations with Cao, Zhuge Liang must ensure that his allies have no second thoughts and jointly resist Cao. Therefore, he must adopt the attitude of "inspiring friendly countries and deterring the enemy court", so he must stand on his own feet to attack and survive. If you show weakness, you will be the first victim of the jungle. Therefore, although Shu Han is weak, there is no "weak country without diplomacy" situation.
It is also very important that Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition competed with Cao Wei for influence in Greater Central Asia.
Under the situation that Cao Wei established the long history mansion of the western regions, Shu Han, as the successor country of Han (actually called Han in history), must seize the influence on Central Asia, gain benefits from Central Asia, and supplement the national strength to fight against the Central Plains dynasty. Therefore, considering from this strategic direction, Zhuge Liang must also explore the north, which is also the reason why Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei competed for Gansu and cut off the connection between Cao Wei Longyou and the Central Plains.
On the fifth expedition, Zhuge Liang went west to Wuzhangyuan, and Sima Yi assumed that Zhuge Liang came out of Wuzhangyuan and took the lead in occupying the terrain on the east bank of the Weihe River. When his distribution school was jubilant, Guo Huai found out Zhuge Liang's heart by himself and thought that Zhuge Liang's move had real big intentions. The Han army moved northward instead of eastward, and advanced its operational bases in Chencang, Tianshui and Qishan, west of Wuzhangyuan. Therefore, the Han army was going to attack Beiyuan (now the north of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province). Guo Huai said to Sima Yi, "It is not in the national interest to climb the plain across the Weihe River and join forces in Beishan to isolate the Dragon Road and shake the hearts of foreigners." (reflection, volume 26). Please note that in this sentence, Guo Huai clearly pointed out Zhuge Liang's strategic intention of cutting off the Dragon Road and splitting the people and foreigners under the rule of Cao Wei. Zhuge Liang wanted to make a few regimes in the western regions and local Han people break away from Cao Wei and become vassals of Shu Han, thus shaking Cao Wei's interests in the western regions. Later, the two sides did have a fierce battle in Beiyuan. As a result, Guo Huaijun in the early days of Beiyuan defeated the vanguard troops of Shu and Han who robbed Beiyuan, and Zhuge Liang also retired Sima Yi's 10,000 cavalry (see Zhuge Liang's martial arts in Zhu), and the two sides formed a strategic stalemate. Soon after, Zhuge Liang died, but he was born at an inopportune time. He hated Weishui, and since then Shu Han has no chance to make a comeback. Sima Yi also sincerely lamented that "genius is in the world".
I'm a commoner, I've done my best for Nanyang, I'm willing to risk my life in troubled times, and I don't want Wenda to become a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and consulted them on contemporary affairs, so he was grateful and promised the first emperor to drive him away. After the value was overthrown, when I was appointed to the defeated army, I was ordered to be in danger: I have been here for twenty years. The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since his appointment, he has been worried all night, fearing that the entrustment will not work, which will hurt the understanding of the first emperor; So crossing the Luzhou River in May, nothing grows. Today, the south has been decided, and the armor is sufficient. There are rewards and orders for the three armed forces, and the north will set the Central Plains, and the Han Dynasty will be revived and restored. The minister was therefore loyal to His Majesty and the first emperor. As for the consideration of profit and loss, you should be responsible for it, rely on it and allow it if you keep your word. May your majesty entrust the effect of bringing back the dead to the minister, and if it doesn't work, he will sue the spirit of the first emperor for punishing the minister; If there is no word revival, then blame it, rely on it, allow it and so on. To show its slowness. Your majesty should also ask for help, consult the good way, and make a thorough study of the imperial edict. I am very grateful! Stay away from it today, and you will cry and be confused.
The rationality of Zhuge Liang's empty plan
It is too small to regard the empty city plan as a gamble between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi.
Neither the arrangement in advance nor the changes afterwards have been considered too much. It is difficult to see the whole picture just by burning incense and playing the piano. From Chapter 95 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost the street pavilion, and the marquis of Wu played the piano and retired", we can find out what facts speak louder than words, instead of guessing what is possible or how we should feel.
When Zhuge Liang learned that Jieting and Lieliucheng had fallen, he was preparing for the retreat of the Northern Expeditionary Army. So from the beginning, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao were arranged to lead 3,000 chosen men to Wugong Mountain. Yi Cheung was ready to return in advance, and then ordered Ma Dai and Jiang Wei to prepare an ambush behind the house. Finally, he immigrated to Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties, and officials, soldiers and civilians all entered Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang personally led five thousand soldiers and horses to transport grain, and the arrangement of these grain shipments was the beginning of the planned sequence of sending troops.
Regrettably, there are always people who mistakenly think that Zhuge Liang is just going to fight against Sima Yi with an empty city, or that he is forced to fight unprepared. In fact, little is known about Zhuge Liang's prior distribution arrangements. Only when there is an ambush in advance can you dare to show doubt, which is very different from betting on luck without preparation in advance. Always speculating about Sima Yi's "protecting the enemy" or Zhuge Liang's "sweating adventure", it is better to seriously implement the "cause and effect" of the incident and make a more specific basis instead of falling into fantasy chaos.
Zhuge Liang is an expert in luring the enemy into the eyes of Wei Jun officers and men who have been repeatedly burned in Wang Bo and scared to death by water. Moreover, Wei Jun has always been good at luring soldiers. In the early years, Lu Bu was lured by the battle of Puyang, and Wen Chou was lured by the battle of Guandu. Wei Jun already knew what would happen if he was lured by greedy bait-he sacrificed heroically to fight the wounded. Zhuge Liang held high the banner of the Northern Expedition and assembled an army to attack. Whether it is to move the residents of the three counties or to rescue the generals of the Shu army, it will not be a small activity, which is unknown. Even if Sima Yi didn't know the actual situation of Shu soldiers, he could know that Shu soldiers had moved on a large scale. But Sima Yi and other Wei Jun saw the Shu army in front of Xicheng without any big rules and regulations. How can these Shu soldiers disappear? Where are the Shu soldiers who fought for defense? Could it be an ambush for the attack? Is Zhuge Liang trying to lure Wei Jun into the city to kill some bait, with Zhuge Liang as the supreme commander of the Shu army? Who dares to take it lightly?
No matter how bold Sima Yi is, it is necessary to find out whether Zhuge Liang's generals Guan Xing, Zhang Bao, Ma Dai, Wei Yan, etc. are all gathered in Xicheng to die, or are they hiding aside and waiting for an opportunity? Or judge that all the Shu generals have fled, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. He has no Shu generals in his eyes, unless Sima Yi proudly gambles and admits that he has caught his ministers without an escort corps. If this is not luck, Zhuge Liang will set a trap to lure the soldiers into the urn. Sima Yi didn't believe the sentry's information at first, and after personally exploring the enemy for verification, he took cautious measures. First retreat, then slow down Xu Tu: if there is an ambush, then retreat; If there is no ambush, there will be another war. Shortly after Sima Yi returned to Xicheng, asking local residents about the actual situation of the Shu army, we can know that Sima Yi did make a comeback in military action, instead of scaring Chang 'an all the way, as some people said. "Take a step back first, keep a safe distance, and then think of some way to, rather than scared and fled.
Later, on the path of Wugong Mountain, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao shouted in the valley, and Wei Jun became suspicious. How dare they stop for long? Ye Zhen was greedy and caught halfway. Jiang Wei and Ma Dai, who were assigned by Zhuge Liang in advance, stopped them and had to lead troops to flee. Sima Yi would have ended up in Cao Zhen if she hadn't left early. With Sima Yi's withdrawal, Zhuge Liang took the opportunity to withdraw from Hanzhong. There was a "distribution arrangement" in advance and an "ambush war" afterwards, which led Zhuge Liang to set up an empty city to trap Sima Yi with a leisurely mood.
The official history quoted three things about Guo Chong in Zhu Pei, which was about Zhuge Liang's empty plan.
Pei Songzhi has refuted the occurrence time, geographical location, offensive and defensive situation and etiquette of the empty city plan, so what Guo Chong said is not true. Sima yi is still the governor of Jingzhou (that is, Zhou Yu's generation can't be a post), and in Wancheng, he doesn't have time to go north to the street pavilion to face Zhuge Liang. Time and space are no longer consistent. Guo Chong said that Sima Yi led 200,000 troops, Zhuge Liang only kept 10,000 Shu soldiers, and the rest were handed over to Wei Yan. Sima Yi has an advantage of 20 1, so there is no need to be afraid. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that there are only150,000 soldiers in Wei Jun, 2,500 in Zhuge Liang, and 2,500 in Shu, while 3,000 in Guan Xing and 3,000 in Zhang Bao. There are already 1 1000 here, as well as Zhang Yi, Jiang Wei and Ma Dai. If you count the remnants of Wang Ping, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Shen Dan and Shen Yi in Jieting battlefield, plus Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi's Ji Gu suspected troops, I'm afraid it's a serenade. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang led more than 300,000 soldiers, and the Northern Expeditionary Army of Shu soldiers was able to disturb the personal expedition. The size and strength of the army should not be underestimated.
According to "Han Jin Chun Qiu", Zhuge Liang claimed: "There are many soldiers and thieves in Qishan and Jigu, but they can't break thieves. If a thief breaks it, the disease is not in a serenade, but in a person's ear. That is, there are more Shu soldiers than Wei soldiers, not Wei soldiers than Shu soldiers. If Sima Yi's army is outnumbered, why should we care about just 10,000 Shu soldiers? In fact, Zhuge Liang did not dare to explore the North with only 10,000 people. Even if it's a southern expedition, it's not just ten thousand people. How can the Northern Expedition only use 10,000 people? Sima Yi's goal is not only Zhuge Liang's direct team, but the entire Northern Expedition Army. No matter how many people there are, they are not afraid of traps. In the Battle of Changping in the Warring States Period, although more than 400,000 people died, Zhao was trapped in a siege and starved, and was finally forced to surrender and was killed. The mountainous terrain around Hanzhong is full of dangers such as patios, dungeons, sinkholes and sky gaps, and obstacles such as caves and jungles are most afraid of being trapped and have no room for escape. The mountain forest is not conducive to the galloping of Wei Jun cavalry, and the pass in the valley also contains the danger of "one-man code is invincible". Although there are many grades, it would be careless to ignore the geographical restrictions.
Zhuge Liang has an army and a favorable geographical position. Sima Yi, like Guo Chong said, has 200,000 troops, but it may not have the upper hand. Moreover, Guo Chong's biggest mistake was to ignore the existence of Shu generals. Sima yi can only calculate the position of the northern expedition generals. In the face of Zhuge Liang's army, Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, Zhao Yun and Wang Ping could not be seen unless Sima Yi was arrogant. Otherwise, Sima Yi should look closely at whether these Shu soldiers are lying in ambush. Zhuge Liang later made good use of luring soldiers to slay Zhang He, Xinmeile Co., Ltd. and others, which further proved that Wei Bing's rash end, who ate the consequences of underestimating his enemy, would be killed and destroyed.
Zhuge Liang's empty city plan did not appear in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the first time after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but in the Notes on the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, the official history, which is more unreasonable than the former. Ironically, the official notes are not credible, while the fictional romance covers everything.