Introduction of planting methods of alfalfa before planting
Alfalfa seeds are small and should be carefully prepared before planting. First of all, we should cultivate deeply and remove debris such as stumps, construction waste and grass roots. Lawn planting in the courtyard is often carried out after the construction is completed. Therefore, there are wastes such as cement, sand, mortar, bricks, tiles and decorative materials in the site, which must be removed and backfilled with garden soil. Secondly, soil treatment should be carried out to eliminate weeds. After deep ploughing and cleaning, most grass roots and vegetative propagules have been removed, but weed seeds and some vegetative bodies remain in the soil. When the conditions are suitable, weed seeds will germinate again, which is harmful to the lawn.
Alfalfa planting
Alfalfa can be planted in spring or autumn, with spring in late March and autumn in mid-September. Autumn sowing is dominant in the south and spring sowing is dominant in the north. Sowing can also be done in summer, but after sowing, the topsoil must be kept moist or covered with plastic film for shade. There are 65,438+0,400 ~ 2,000 seeds per gram of alfalfa. Theoretically, there are 1 seed per square centimeter of soil, which can meet the needs of turf formation. The actual sowing amount is greater than the theoretical sowing amount.
When planting alfalfa grass, divide the seeds equally according to the plot area and the determined sowing amount, mix the seeds evenly with dry soil or fine river sand, and spread them manually. If the lawn is planted in a large area, it can be sown with a cyclone seeder. The sowing depth of alfalfa is 1 ~ 1.5 cm. After the seeds are sown on the lawn bed, they can be raked into the soil or covered with fertile soil or matrix 1cm.
Pre-balanced management
After alfalfa is planted, the growth at seedling stage is slow, so turf management before turf establishment is very important. After the seeds are sown on the lawn bed, if the sprinkler system is installed in advance, sprinkler irrigation can be carried out. If there is no sprinkler system, you can spray water manually with a self-made sprinkler. Spraying is carried out every morning or evening, and the surface of the lawn is always wet until the seedlings emerge. After emergence, the number of spraying water can be reduced, but it still needs careful management. Seedling management is about 30 ~ 50 days. During this period, weeds should be removed at any time, mainly by manual weeding to prevent the harm of weeds.
Late leveling management
After the alfalfa lawn is completed, it is not necessary to carry out intertillage weeding because of its strong invasion. Because nitrogen-fixing rhizobia can absorb nitrogen in the air and convert it into a form that plants can use. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used, and no or less nitrogen fertilizer is applied. At the peak of growth and overwintering, sufficient water should be supplied to ensure vigorous growth and safe overwintering. You can cut it once before midsummer and water it enough to keep the plants green. Cut it again before wintering and water it thoroughly. In this way, when it turns green next year, there will be no yellow leaves on the lawn.
Biological Characteristics of Alfalfa Alfalfa is a perennial herb. Its hay yield ranks first among many leguminous grasses, and it is rich in protein, trace elements and more than ten vitamins. Alfalfa taproots are very long, generally reaching 3? Below 5 meters, the deepest part can reach 10 meters. The lateral roots are developed, and the stems are mostly upright and smooth, with a height of 60? 100cm, the leaves are composed of three leaflets, which are obovate, with long and smooth petioles and large stipules. Purple flowers, racemes, kidney-shaped seeds, 1000-grain weight 1.5? 2.5g, the growth peak is reached in two or three years after sowing, and the life span can be maintained at 10? 20 years, even 40 years.
Sexual preference for warm and semi-humid climate, very drought-resistant, water-resistant, cold-resistant, lax on soil requirements, with PH6.5? 8.5 Lime soil or sandy loam soil is the most suitable. In poor soil, appropriate manure and phosphate fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer to promote the formation of nodules.
Planting method of alfalfa 1 Land selection: Choose neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam with flat terrain, good drainage and deep soil layer. When the PH value is quite different, it should be manually adjusted to the appropriate PH value (PH7? 8)。
2. Soil preparation: fully cultivate the grassland to a depth of 30cm, and break, level and furrow the soil to a depth of 20cm. Dig a drainage ditch around the site with a depth of 40 cm.
3. Seed treatment: add water to rhizobia according to the seed dosage of 1% to make bacterial liquid, sprinkle it on the seeds, add calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizer or fine dry soil, and stir evenly.
Step 4: Sowing.
Sowing date: Sowing can be done all year round.
Sowing amount: 1? 1.2 kg/mu.
Sowing method: drill with soil moisture, soil moisture width 1.5m, row spacing of 20cm, sowing width of 5cm, 6 rows per soil moisture, and suppression after sowing.
5. Field management: fine management at seedling stage, manual weeding and intertillage weeding should be carried out immediately after each mowing.
6. Fertilization: 2000 kilograms of farmyard manure and 50 kilograms of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are applied once per mu of base fertilizer. After irrigation, topdressing should be carried out after each mowing according to soil fertility.
7. Drainage and irrigation: irrigate immediately after sowing in sunny days, but water cannot overflow the soil surface, and irrigation can overflow the soil surface after seedling emergence. In rainy season, we should make full use of the drainage ditches around the soil and fields to avoid weak seedlings or dead seedlings.
8. Usage: about 40 days after sowing, carry out the first impurity removal and pruning, leaving stubble about 5 cm; When the grass grows to the early flowering stage, it is cut.