1, seedling raising
At present, the stems of Solanum nigrum are easy to produce adventitious roots, and cutting propagation is often used to raise seedlings. In spring, the terminal bud of 6 cm-8 cm is cut from the robust mother plant. If the terminal bud is very long, it can be cut into 1-2 segments with 3-5 leaves in each segment, and the 1 leaf at the base of the branch is removed and planted on the seedbed. Seedbeds can be made of soil, fine sand and grass ash, or they can be cut in a sink. The cutting spacing is 6 cm- 10 mm, and the branches are buried about 2/3. After watering, cover with plastic film, keep warm and moist (keep 20℃), water frequently, 10- 15 days, and then transplant with soil. In frost-free places, it can breed all year round, and in the north, it is necessary to raise seedlings in protected areas.
Step 2 plant
We should choose loam with good drainage, rich organic matter, strong water and fertilizer conservation ability and good ventilation, and the soil is slightly acidic. Apply 4.5 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per square meter as base fertilizer, turn it deeply and rake it flat to make a flat border.
3. Tian Tuan management
The principle of irrigation is that the soil is dry and wet, and attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season. After harvesting, topdressing 1 time for each harvest. Every square meter should be applied with decomposed human manure 1.5 kg or urea15 g-22 g.
Step 4 harvest
Pick tender stems with a length of 15cm and 5-6 leaves at the top. When harvesting each time, leave 2-3 leaves at the base of the stem to make the new tender stem crawl slightly. After about half a month, the second harvest can be carried out. Only one node is left at the stem base of the second harvest, so that the height and shape of the plant can be controlled. China can be harvested all year round in the south, and it is produced in greenhouses in the north. August-September is the peak harvest season.
5. Mother plant preservation
Before the first frost, select strong plants in the field, cut off the terminal buds, and cut them in the protected area for use as mother plants in the coming year. The temperature in the protected area should be controlled above 5℃.
Planting techniques of Chinese cabbage
1) All fields that can grow dry crops can grow worry-free vegetables, and sandy fertile neutral loam with good drainage grows best. 2) Soil preparation: 3000 kg of agricultural organic fertilizer and 50 kg of multi-element compound fertilizer are evenly spread on each mu, and furrows with a width of 2-2.5 meters are formed by deep ploughing and fine harrowing, and the depth of furrows is about 30 cm. 3) Seedlings are usually planted by cutting or sowing. Seeding seedlings, 50 grams of seeds per mu, covering an area of 70- 100 square meters. The best sowing period is from the end of March to the end of April. Sow evenly and lightly, cover the soil by 0.2-0.5cm, build a plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and ventilate and cool when the temperature exceeds 35 degrees. Generally, seedlings will emerge in 15-20 days. B Cuttings are difficult to raise seedlings because of small seeds, and the success rate is low. A small number of seedlings with roots can be introduced as the mother source garden, the branches are cut off by 8- 15 cm, the basal leaves are removed, the cuttings are buried in the soil for 3-5 cm, and water is poured once, usually for 7- 10 days, so that they can take root and survive, and can be transplanted and planted in 20-30 days. It can also be directly cut in the field according to the planting density, and it is suitable for cutting in the whole growth period. Planting density, row spacing 25 cm, hole spacing 15 cm, 2-3 plants per hole. 4) When the field management buds grow to about 20 cm, the vegetables can be harvested. After harvesting the vegetables once, apply 5 kg of urea and 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and water or spray them once to fully dissolve the fertilizer. Generally, 3000-5000 kg of tender vegetables are harvested per crop, or the annual output of dry tea leaves is 80- 100 kg. Worry-free vegetables can withstand the low temperature of -30 degrees and are suitable for large-scale production in the open field. If cultivated in protected facilities, fresh vegetables can be supplied all year round, and the taste is better. Andrographis paniculata, also known as Elemental Lotus, belongs to Acanthaceae. The whole herb is used as medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is one of the Chinese herbal medicines suitable for planting in Guangxi and has high economic value. The technical points of planting management are as follows: 1. Seedling raising. Because the seeds of Andrographis paniculata are small, and the ability of seedlings to be unearthed is poor, it is necessary to turn the seedbed deeply for 2-3 times, break the clods, then remove the border, apply 200 kilograms of fully fermented and decomposed manure to every 30 square meters of seedbed, fully mix the manure with the soil, and then level the border. Sowing time should be around Tomb-Sweeping Day. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water at 40-45℃ for 65,438 0-2 days (or the seed coat should be scraped off by dressing with fine sand). When sowing, the seeds should be picked up and mixed with plant ash, then spread on the seedbed, covered with a layer of fine soil with a thickness of about 3 mm, and sprayed with clear water with a sprayer to make the soil moist. After sowing, cover with agricultural film, and then cover with a layer of straw to keep warm and moist. The appropriate sowing amount is 50-60g per 30m2 seedbed (1-2 mu of land can be planted and cultivated). When 50%-70% of the seedbed germinates, the agricultural film and straw attached to the ground should be removed in time, combined with watering after emergence, and diluted manure water should be sprayed every 7 days to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. Second, field soil preparation. Before transplanting, hilly or flat land with soil ph value of 5.6-7.4, flat terrain, leeward and sunny, fertile and loose, and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected as the transplanting place. Dig deep into the field, apply 2000 kilograms of decomposed pig cow dung and 20 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, then harrow to make ridges with a width of 120- 130 cm and a height of 15-20 cm, and open drains with a depth of 30 cm around the field. Third, transplant planting. After 1 month sowing and seedling raising, when the seedling height is 10 cm and there are 4-5 pairs of true leaves, it can be transplanted to the planting site. 65,438+0 days before transplanting, the nursery should be watered thoroughly, and strong seedlings should be selected from the seedbed and transplanted with soil. The planting row spacing is about 20×20 cm, and 65438+200,000 plants should be planted per mu. After transplanting seedlings 1 week, light manure water can be poured once to promote fixed root growth. Fourth, on-site management. First, we must do a good job in water control. Andrographis paniculata likes dampness and fears drought, and is sensitive to water. It should always be wet, but it should not be too wet. The key point of seedling management is to keep the border moist. Water 1-2 times a day without rain after transplanting; After delayed emergence, it is still necessary to keep the ground moist and water it every 3-7 days 1 time. The second is to do a good job of topdressing. The production of andrographis paniculata needs a lot of nitrogen fertilizer, so it must be topdressing in time. Generally, it needs topdressing 3 times. After delayed emergence, 3000 kg of human manure diluted with water or 10 kg of urea should be applied per mu to promote seedlings. After that, topdressing 1 time every 20-30 days, and applying ammonium sulfate 15-20kg or other nitrogen fertilizers per mu. After the plants are closed, water can be used for fertilization during irrigation. The third is the top soil. Andrographis paniculata is used as medicine with whole grass. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, the top is removed to promote the growth of lateral buds. At the same time, combined with intertillage, soil cultivation and weeding are carried out to promote the growth of adventitious roots and prevent lodging. If you want to keep the seeds, you don't need to top them when they are in full bloom, and you will remove the inflorescences that can't bear fruit. Fourth, do a good job in pest control. Spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can control seedling blight; 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed 1000 times for the control of mole cricket, moth larvae and black cutworm. 5. Harvest and processing. Andrographis paniculata can be harvested when it reaches the flowering and budding stage, harvested at the 2-3 nodes of the stem base with a sickle, and dried. Planting andrographis paniculata can be harvested twice a year, and the annual output of dried products can reach 500-800 kg per mu. The dried andrographis paniculata is dry, green, leafy, free of impurities and mildew. & lt/p & gt；