1. Initial processing of wheat. Wheat flour and various special flours are made through simple processing such as cleaning, blending, grinding, sifting, grading, and packaging of wheat.
2. Initial processing of rice. Through simple processing such as cleaning, shelling, milling (or not milling), drying, grading, and packaging of rice, the finished grains and their primary products, including rice and parboiled rice, are produced.
3. Initial processing of corn. Through simple processing such as cleaning, soaking, crushing, separation, dehydration, drying, grading, and packaging of corn kernels, corn flour, corn crumbs, corn flakes, etc. are produced; fresh and tender corn is screened, peeled, washed, quick-frozen, graded, Fresh corn (quick-frozen sticky corn, sweet corn, colorful corn, corn kernels) produced through simple processing such as packaging.
4. Initial processing of potatoes. Primary potato products are made through simple processing such as washing, peeling, grinding, cutting, drying, freezing, grading, and packaging of potatoes, sweet potatoes and other tubers. Specifically including: potato starch, potato chips, French fries.
5. Preliminary processing of edible beans. Bean flour, soybean sprouts, and mung bean sprouts are made by simply cleaning and removing impurities, soaking, drying, grading, and packaging edible beans such as soybeans, mung beans, and adzuki beans.
6. Preliminary processing of other types of grains. Oatmeal, oat flour, oat bran, oatmeal, etc. are made by cleaning, removing impurities, shelling, drying, grinding, flaking, cooling, packaging and other simple processing of oats, buckwheat, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains. Slices, buckwheat rice, buckwheat noodles, millet, millet noodles, sorghum rice, sorghum noodles. 1. Initial processing of vegetables
(1) Fresh vegetables are made into clean vegetables and cut vegetables through simple processing such as cleaning, selection, cutting, pre-cooling, grading, and packaging.
(2) Use refrigeration facilities to store fresh vegetables at low temperatures to prepare quick-frozen vegetables for off-season supply, such as quick-frozen eggplants, leaves, beans, melons, onions, garlic, bell peppers, etc. Garlic moss.
(3) Primary dried vegetables, such as day lily, magnolia slices, and dried radish, made by drying the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and edible fungi of plants. , winter vegetables, prunes, fungus, shiitake mushrooms, and oyster mushrooms. Various types of canned vegetables made with vegetables as raw materials (canned food refers to various foods that are sealed with metal cans, glass bottles, and exhaust seals. The same below) and ground horticultural plants (such as pepper, pepper powder, etc.) are not It belongs to the scope of preliminary processing.
2. Initial processing of fruits. Through simple processing such as cleaning, shelling, cutting (slicing), sorting, storage and preservation, quick freezing, drying, grading, and packaging of fresh fruits (including various wild fruits), various fruits, dried fruits, and raw materials are produced. Berry juice, nuts, nuts.
3. Initial processing of flowers and ornamental plants. Various types of fresh and dried flowers are produced through simple processing such as preservation, storage, drying, grading, and packaging of flowers and plants for ornamental, greening and other purposes. 1. Initial processing of cotton. Lint, lint, and cottonseed are made through simple processing of delinting processes such as ginning and stripping.
2. Initial processing of hemp. Dry (washed) hemp made by degumming, spinning and other simple processing of various hemp crops (hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie, ramie, flax, apocynum, abaca, sisal, etc.) , yarn, silk, rope.
3. Initial processing of silkworm cocoons. Silkworms, pupae, raw silk, and silk cotton are made through simple processing such as drying, killing pupae, reeling, boiling, peeling, and drawing. . Honey, beeswax, propolis, and bee pollen are made through simple processing of impurity removal, filtration, concentration, melting, grinding, and freezing.
Canned meat, cooked meat products, canned eggs, various types of yogurt, cheese, cream, royal jelly powder, various bee product oral liquids, and capsules are not included in the scope of primary processing. 1. Initial processing of plant feed. Bran, cake, residue, and leaf powder are made through simple processing such as grinding, crushing, pressing, drying, brewing, and fermentation.
2. Initial processing of animal feed. Through simple processing such as crushing, drying and milling, fish meal, shrimp meal, bone meal, meat meal, blood meal, feather meal and whey meal are produced.
3. Initial processing of additives. Ore powder and feed yeast are made through simple processing such as crushing, fermentation, and drying.
The aquatic plants (kelp, wakame, seaweed, asparagus, eucheuma, river hedge, enteromorpha, hijiki, water shield, etc.) are whole or the roots and tips are removed, cut into sections, blanched, frozen, and refrigerated Primary products that have undergone simple processing such as preservation, antiseptic treatment, packaging, etc., as well as primary products that have been processed whole or have roots removed, edges removed, cut into sections, dried, dried (dehydrated) and crushed, etc.
Canned (including soft cans) products do not fall within the scope of primary processing. Comprehensive utilization of agricultural products processing will bring high benefits
Qianxinan Prefecture in Guizhou Province, which was named the "Golden State of China" because 8 counties in the prefecture have gold mineral resources, welcomed the opening ceremony on December 5, 2009. Experts from the "Agricultural Products Processing Technology Matching Activity" hosted by the Agricultural Products Processing Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture came. Experts told reporters after an inspection here that the gold content of southwest Guizhou will be higher if the by-products of agricultural products are comprehensively utilized; the by-products of agricultural products are rich minerals that need to be developed in my country, have huge potential and can bring high benefits.
Qianxinan Prefecture has sufficient heat, plentiful rainfall, and rich agricultural resources such as animal husbandry, high-quality rice, and off-season vegetables. However, the advantages of specialty agriculture are not fully utilized. It is a typical "underdeveloped" and "underdeveloped" state. area. Professor Liao Xiaojun from the School of Food and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University introduced to the participating entrepreneurs during the technology docking event that efficient resource utilization is an important feature of the modern agricultural product processing industry. He said that when producing apple juice in my country, about 2 million tons of apple peels and apple pomace are not well utilized every year; citrus also contains a large amount of essential oils, pigments, pectin, flavonoids, etc. after being eaten fresh or processed and canned. The citrus peel is not used as an ingredient. Ma Xiaojun, a professor at Jiangnan University, pointed out that most of the rice in Guizhou is initially processed and the rice bran is fed to pigs. In fact, the mineral nutrients such as selenium, iron, zinc, and calcium in the rice bran are much higher than those in polished rice. It is also rich in protein, oil, Vitamins, etc. Some people compare rice bran to a "golden mountain". Ma Xiaojun said that we already have mature rice bran deep processing technology, and using it to feed pigs is a huge waste.
Not only the planting industry, but also the by-products of agricultural products from the livestock and poultry industry have great potential to be tapped. Zhang Dequan, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that my country's total meat production in 2008 reached 84 million tons, nearly 800 million pigs were slaughtered annually, and the total amount of pig blood produced was about 3 million tons and 30 million tons of pig bones. , 12 million tons of organs, and 400,000 tons of pig brains; however, due to limited large-scale slaughter and backward processing technology, most of these by-products are discarded, which is not only a waste, but also seriously pollutes the environment. “Among the by-products after slaughtering livestock and poultry, bones alone account for 20% to 30% of the body weight. They not only contain calcium that the human body can use, but also high-quality protein and phospholipids and phosphorus that are indispensable for human brain tissue. Protein, collagen and chondroitin that delay aging; in addition, there are various amino acids and vitamins; livestock and poultry bones can be made into bone mud, bone paste and bone pulp, and can be used as a substitute for meat to make bone floss, bone flavoring element and bone flavoring juice , bone-flavored meat, bone-mashed meat biscuits and noodles, etc. " He pointed out that the industrialization of comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry by-products will have huge economic and environmental benefits in my country's livestock and poultry breeding, slaughtering and processing, biochemical industry and environmental protection. social benefits.
“But comprehensive utilization must be on a large scale.” Wang Shouwei, a senior engineer at the China Meat Research Center, expressed different opinions at the meeting regarding the deep processing of beef bones by a company that slaughters 30,000 to 40,000 cattle annually. . He said that beef blood and beef bone soup are very popular abroad, but your annual output of beef bones is only about 1,000 tons, which is only enough for one month of processing. What will the factory eat during the rest of the time? It is necessary to ensure that there are enough raw materials to have good investment returns.
Hundreds of business representatives from Guizhou and officials from relevant departments listened carefully to experts’ reports on meat, vegetables, grain and oil processing at this meeting, and consulted experts on corporate problems. Most of them came with questions in confusion and went back with satisfaction. They all said that the experts opened their horizons and were very enlightening. Deng Jiaxing, general manager of Luyuan Food Development Co., Ltd. in Qianxi County, which uses prickly pears to make juice, told reporters excitedly, "I found another way to make a fortune at the meeting. I am very encouraged!" Superoxide dismutase, an active substance that has the functions of , digestion, nourishment and anti-diarrhea, and has anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects; Legend has it that Zhuge Liang’s 100,000 troops who conquered Meng Huo suffered from abdominal pain and nausea in the miasma-filled Yunnan-Guizhou border. Thirty percent of them fell ill, and these soldiers recovered from their illness by taking prickly pear wine. Prickly pear was once a natural wild fruit in the mountainous areas of western Hubei. Now it has been planted in large quantities, with an annual output of 18,000 tons in the Bijie area alone.
Deng Jiaxing's juice sales are very good, but the pomace and seeds are not used. "Every year, I have at least 100 tons of pomace left over from making juice for farmers to take away and feed to pigs and fish. I just want the factory to be clean. This time, experts said that the leaves and seeds of prickly pear can be used as medicine, and they said capsules made of kiwi seeds It can sell for more than 2,000 yuan a bottle. It’s a pity that these resources of mine are not used.” She revealed that experts from the Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture have agreed to inspect and help develop processing equipment for prickly pear seeds.