Treatment:
(1), potassium is generally supplemented orally, and the preventive dose for adults is 10% potassium chloride 30~40ml/d (each gram of potassium chloride contains 13.4mmol). Oral potassium chloride is easy to cause gastrointestinal reaction, and potassium citrate is better (1g potassium citrate contains 4.5mmol).
(2) Patients who can't take it orally or have severe potassium deficiency should be infused with potassium chloride intravenously. The usual concentration is 5% glucose solution 1.0L, and 10~20ml potassium chloride should be added. Each gram of potassium chloride must be dripped evenly for more than 30 ~ 40 minutes, and intravenous injection is not allowed. The amount of potassium supplement depends on the condition. As a preventive measure, it is usually supplemented by adults.
(3) Precautions for potassium supplementation: A. Only when the urine volume is above 30ml/h can potassium supplementation be considered, otherwise the blood potassium is too high. B potassium glutamate, 6.3g per tablet, can be considered for patients with acidosis, hyperchloremia or liver damage.
Containing 34mmol of potassium, it can be added into 0.5L glucose solution for intravenous drip. C. Intravenous drip of potassium chloride with high concentration will stimulate the vein and cause pain, even venous spasm and thrombosis. D. Don't drip too fast. Sudden increase of blood potassium concentration will lead to cardiac arrest. E.K+ enters the cell slowly, and it takes about 15h to reach the balance inside and outside the cell. However, in the case of cell dysfunction such as hypoxia and acidosis, the balance time of potassium is longer, about 1 week or longer, so it will take several days to correct the potassium deficiency, so don't rush for success or stop supplying it halfway. F. When potassium deficiency is accompanied by hypocalcemia, attention should be paid to calcium supplementation, because hypocalcemia symptoms are often covered up by hypocalcemia, and hypocalcemia convulsions can occur after hypocalcemia is corrected. G. When a large amount of potassium is supplemented in a short time or for a long time,