The Dragon Boat Festival is known as one of the four major traditional festivals of Chinese folklore, along with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Since ancient times, the Dragon Boat Festival has been rowing dragon boats and food dumplings and other festive activities. The following is my carefully recommended classic folk legends of the Dragon Boat Festival, for reference only, welcome to read!
Dragon Boat Festival Classic Folk Legends
The evil day of the taboo said
The Han Dynasty people believe that the fifth of May for the evil month, the evil day, and there is a "May not lift the May child" of the custom, that is, the fifth day of May the baby was born, whether it is a man or a woman can not raise adults. Can not raise adults. Once raised then male harm father, female harm mother. Even appeared "May to the official, to the free not to move", "May build houses, people bald" and so on. This custom at least from the Warring States began to popularize, until the Han Dynasty prevailed. This custom in the Han Wang Chong's "on the balance", Ying Shao "customs" and "after the Han book", many records.
The fifth day of the fifth month is an evil day in the evil month, in order to get rid of the plague, to drive away evil spirits, and to seek good luck, and thus the emergence of related cultural activities, the formation of a quite distinctive Dragon Boat Festival.
The summer solstice
The first advocate of the summer solstice said Mr. Huang Shi, in 1963, in his book "History of Dragon Boat Rituals and Customs" (published by Hong Kong Chin Hing Book Co., Ltd. in 1963), the Dragon Boat Festival, such as a trickle of water originated in ancient times, the three generations converged into a river, the Qin and Han Dynasty, expanded into a river, and the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the hundreds of rivers into the lakes and the sea. Dragon Boat Festival originated from the summer solstice said after the world, scholars through a hundred, from a wider perspective to study. 1983, Mr. Liu Deqian in the "Dragon Boat Festival origin and another" ("Knowledge of literature and history," 1983, No. 5), that the Dragon Boat Festival from the summer, Shang, Zhou period of the summer solstice, and the Dragon Boat Festival, "Fighting the hundred herbs", "and suggested that the Duanwu Festival has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. Liu Deqian in the "" Dragon Boat "" and "" Chinese traditional festivals "", put forward three main reasons:
1. Sex of the year book "" Jing Chu year book "" did not mention the fifth of May to eat zongzi holiday customs, but to eat zongzi written in the summer solstice festival. As for the race, the Sui dynasty Du Taiqing made the "jade candles BaoDian" it into the summer solstice recreational activities, visible is not necessarily in order to salvage the great poet Qu Yuan threw himself into the river.
2. Some elements of the Dragon Boat Festival customs, such as "stepping on a hundred grasses", "fighting a hundred grasses", "picking miscellaneous medicines", etc., actually have nothing to do with Qu Yuan.
3. The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival is: "the day leaf is the sun, that is, the Dragon Boat Festival is the middle of the summer, so the Dragon Boat Festival can also be called the day in the festival. This is the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival when the Department of the summer solstice.
The history of the Dragon Boat Festival
The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar is a traditional Chinese festival - "Dragon Boat Festival", the end of the "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning", "beginning". ", "first" meaning. The fifth day of the month can be called Duanwu. Lunar calendar to the Earth's branches of the month, the first month of building Yin, February for the Mao, followed by May for the Wu, so that May for the Wu month, "five" and "Wu" through, "five" and for the number of Yang, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also known as the Duanwu is also known as the five, heavy five, Duanyang, in the sky, heavy afternoon, noon, in addition to some places will be called the Dragon Boat Festival May Festival, Ai Festival, Summer Festival. From the historical point of view, "Dragon Boat Festival" two words were first seen in the Jin Zhou Zhi "land and customs": "mid-summer Dragon Boat Festival, cooking wassail corn". Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of the Han Chinese people in China. The essential activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, moxa, fumigation Cangzhu, Angelica dahurica, drink xionghuang wine. It is said that eating rice dumplings and dragon boat racing, is to commemorate the Qu Yuan, so after the liberation of the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate the Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, moxa leaves, fumigate Cangzhu, Angelica dahurica, drink Xionghuang wine, it is said to be in order to suppress the evil spirits.
The Dragon Boat Festival is a very great festival. First, the Dragon Boat Festival comes from the discovery of the astronomical phenomenon of the summer solstice 5000 years ago, which is a great astronomical discovery of the Chinese nation for mankind. Secondly, the ancient people came up with the 24 solar terms by observing the sun, and the 12 months of the lunar calendar by observing the moon, and then combined the lunar and solar calendars to count the years with the stem and branch, and the Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, which reflects this ancient invention. Thirdly, the Dragon Boat Festival also originated from the ancient Wu-Yue nation's worship of the dragon, reflecting the philosophical ideas of the unity of heaven and man, the unity of diversity, and the harmony of differences. The Dragon Boat Race at the Dragon Boat Festival embodies the idea that the sky walks with health, and that a gentleman should be self-improving, and the hanging of moxa and caltrops expresses the idea that the earth's power is universal, and that a gentleman should be generous with his virtues, and that the Dragon Boat Festival is a festival that promotes filial piety and goodness, embodying the traditions of the Chinese nation. Fourth, the Dragon Boat Festival also embodies the great sentiment of the Chinese nation. With the development of history, from the period of Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, people will Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu, Goujian, filial piety Cao'e, Taoist characters Zhang Tianshi and Zhong Kui and other characters stories superimposed on the Dragon Boat Festival, the 1940s, in the period of the national tragedy, the Dragon Boat Festival has been recognized as a poet's festival, so that the Dragon Boat Festival's culture is even more thick.
Because it is endowed with so many cultural factors, the Dragon Boat Festival is also rich in folklore. Zhao Shu explained one by one, as a poet's festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the first to sacrifice to the gods, ancestors and sages, and the second to recite the classic poems. In ancient times, the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar was also recognized as an evil month and evil day, because 70% of the time of death in the summer solstice after the three volts, so to Dragon Boat Festival to ward off evil spirits. The Dragon Boat Festival is also a hygiene festival, requiring bathing in orchid soup and removal of five poisons. As a sports festival, the Dragon Boat Festival has two major folklore, one is to race dragon boats in the south, which is called dragon boat rowing in Beijing, and is only used as a kind of performance. Since the Liao and Jin Dynasties, a sports activity called stone ball kicking has been popular in Beijing during the Dragon Boat Festival. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival is also a social festival, also known as the Daughter's Day, which in ancient times was about giving five kinds of gifts at the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival is also a food festival, which is mainly about eating zongzi, five poisonous cakes and rose cakes.
In the foreign festivals, Western culture is now one-sided, remodeling of traditional Chinese festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival tradition, to trace the human genes of the Chinese nation, strengthen national cohesion, reshaping Chinese values, and even highlight China's cultural status in the world, are increasingly important. 2004, South Korea will be the "Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival" on the national heritage list, which was later recognized by the United Nations as a national heritage site. In 2004, South Korea put the "Gangneung Dragon Boat Festival" on the national heritage list, and then it was declared by UNESCO as a "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity", which stimulated people to apply for the inscription of the Dragon Boat Festival. In 2006, the "Dragon Boat Festival" and 70 folklore together as China's national intangible cultural heritage, the Dragon Boat Festival in 2008 officially became a legal holiday. 2008, China organized experts to UNESCO to declare the project for evaluation, and ultimately determined that the Dragon Boat Festival was selected as one of the 35 projects, the declaration of the material by the three provinces of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu joint "packing "Hubei Province took the lead in declaring the Dragon Boat Festival. Experienced a difficult declaration process, coincided with UNESCO's declaration of world heritage evaluation rules for two major changes: the previous two years into a year, a country once only declare a change can declare a number of declarations. China's Dragon Boat Festival became the first Chinese festival to be inscribed on the World Intangible Heritage List, and at the same time, it was listed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as one of the 22 Chinese items on the World Heritage List***. As one expert said, the success of the heritage is not the ultimate goal, to remind the people of the country to cherish their own national cultural essence, and to be inherited, carried forward is the purpose.
Customs of the Dragon Boat Festival
1, eat zongzi
Zongzi was initially used to sacrifice, in order to let the fish in the river do not eat the body of the Chu Qu Yuan doctor, so the zongzi into the water, and then gradually become a traditional food of the Dragon Boat Festival.
2, dragon boat racing
Dragon boat racing is now not only a folk customary activities, but also a formal sports and athletic programs, in many ethnic minority areas as well as the Yangtze River Basin are very popular.
3, point andrographis wine
Soak the andrographis in wine, and then point the andrographis wine on people's foreheads, ears, noses, palms and so on, expecting to keep away from poisonous insects, disaster prevention and disease prevention.
4, wearing a scented bag
The Dragon Boat Festival is approaching, the small children to wear a scented bag or purse, to send to ward off evil spirits, away from the plague of the meaning of the other is a good embellishment decorations.
5, hang the wormwood
Dragon Boat Festival, people like to hang the wormwood on both sides of the door, meaning to eliminate disease, drive away bad luck, attract blessings, so that the family's health as well as good luck.
6, tie colorful rope.
In ancient times, it was believed that the five colors were auspicious, so in the Dragon Boat Festival, the colorful rope is tied around the child's wrist, ankle or neck, which means eliminating disasters and avoiding difficulties, keeping away from diseases, and having a long and safe life.
7, painting forehead
Dragon Boat Festival to smear the custom of the children's forehead with Xionghuang, the cloud can drive away poisonous insects. Typical method is to use the male yellow wine in the children's forehead painting "Wang" word, a borrowing of the male yellow to drive away poison, the second borrowing tiger ("Wang" like the tiger's forehead, and the tiger is the king of the beasts, because of the substitution of the tiger) in order to suppress the evil. Qing Fuzha Duncan "Yanjing times and years": "each to the Danyang, since the first day of the day, take the andrographis sprinkled with wine, coated with children's collars and between the nose and ears, in order to avoid poisons." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears coated, can also be coated elsewhere, with the same intention. Shanxi "Hequ County" cloud: "Dragon Boat Festival, drink andrography wine, coated with a child forehead and two hands, feet heart, ...... that can be sick and prolong life."
8, Pei Dou Niang
The old Duanwu Festival women's headdress. Mostly seen in Jiangnan. Some areas are also known as Jianren. This object is said to have originated from the ancient step rock, said that the Ai people in a different form. Qingjia Records" cited "Tang and Song dynasty records" cloud: "Jiang who north and south, five hairpin color wins the system, ready to very strange and clever. Where the fabric pin Jian system Ai leaves, or save embroidery Xian, Buddha, Hop, Wu, insects, fish, the shape of the beasts, eight treasures such as flowers. Crepe spiders, Cherry Fenglin, cocoon tiger fluffy dor, rows of grass lizards, and praying mantis spider cicada scorpion, and gourd fruits and gourds, colorful and realistic. To add streamers, embroidered balls and tassels, bells and whistles, or coherent to string, the name is Dou Niang, can not be counted."
Dragon Boat Festival Other Customs
The Dragon Boat Festival also hide the Dragon Boat Festival, wear a long life wisp, wearing a bag of incense, to avoid the five poisons, picking medicines, drinking bushels of wine (Xionghuang wine, Zhu Sha wine), Dragon Boat Festival rain, jumping Zhong Kui, fighting grass, playing polo, touring the Temple of Heaven and so on, and so on some of the other customs.
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