"Bohr relies on his insight and inspiring power to give full play to the intelligence of people around him." Moore, a biographer, thinks that Copenhagen spirit is "a mixture of high intellectual activity, bold adventurous spirit, profound research content and cheerful lotteism". In the article "Copenhagen Spirit" by Mr. Yang Fujia (excerpted from "Man and the World" in the University Humanities Reader), there is a concrete exposition, which is Bohr's "the most precious wealth in physics".
Not only that, Bohr advocated "a strong academic atmosphere of equality, free discussion and close cooperation with each other", which has become a universal criterion for team work. Bohr's learning is equally praiseworthy-he is a patriotic Danish scientist, but at the same time he actively promotes the "internationalization of science". "Working" will be beautiful in the atmosphere that he actively creates "makes people feel busy, excited, lively, cheerful, unrestrained and amiable".
It is because of this spirit that Bohr successfully opened up another holy place of physics in Europe in Denmark. His research institute was famous for a time and was a paradise for all physics lovers at that time. Copenhagen spirit perfectly explains what team spirit is. At least, it exists as a successful person. Although Bohr's team is a scientific research team, they are aiming at the discussion and research of natural science, which is very different from the business team. In the business team, mutual communication and cooperation and obvious responsibility sharing require more unified thinking, recognition of goals and personal sacrifice.
Abstract definition and concrete examples
What is the spirit of Copenhagen? It seems difficult to find an exact definition.
Rosenfeld, Bohr's best friend and famous physicist, defined it as the virtue of completely free judgment and discussion. Macao
Robertson, editor of the Australian Journal of Physics, said: "The spirit of Copenhagen may be well characterized as Bohr giving people.
A kind of inspiration and guidance, which combines with the talents of young physicists gathered around, embodies the leadership and the masses.
Complementary relationship. ""Bohr relied on his insight and inspiration to give full play to the intelligence of the people around him.
. "Biographer Moore believes that the spirit of Copenhagen is" a high degree of intellectual activity, bold spirit of adventure, profound.
A mixture of research content and happy lotteism. "
Abstract definitions and concrete examples always complement each other. Let's look at a few specific examples.
1June, 922, Bohr was invited to give a lecture in G? ttingen, Germany, and some famous German scholars came to attend the lecture, which was unprecedented (later)
Known as the "Bohr Festival"). Heisenberg, a 20-year-old college student at that time (German physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics)
), also with his mentor sommerfeld made a special trip from Munich to listen to Bohr's speech. At the end of every speech in Bohr, take a photo.
There is always a period of time for discussion and questions. On one occasion, I read Heisenberg for four semesters in college, right?
Some of Bohr's views raised strong objections. Bohr saw at a glance that these objections were put forward after careful study.
Yes, so the famous professor invited Heisenberg to take a walk in the nearby mountains in the afternoon, so as to
Be able to discuss the problem in depth. In the discussion, Bohr not only affirmed many of Heisenberg's ideas, but also talked very frankly about the self.
I also admitted that "I was not careful enough this morning". Finally, Bohr invited Heisenberg to Copenhagen.
Work for a while. Heisenberg later recalled: "My real scientific career began with this walk."
Bohr, on the other hand, thinks that the biggest gain of his lecture in G? ttingen is that he met two talented young people-Heisenberg for the first time.
And Pauli (Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize winner in physics).
Pauli is also a student of Sommerfeld, one year older than Heisenberg. What is valuable about him is that he dares to make very sharp criticisms.
Later he became the most famous critic in modern physics. At Bohr's invitation, Pauli came after Bohr visited G? ttingen.
To Copenhagen. Bohr asked him to comment on the work of the institute and spoke highly of Pauli's role, regardless of major issues.
Always go and talk to Paulie. Although many people in the institute are afraid of Pauli, gradually, everyone begins to cherish Pauli.
The criticism. Even after Pauli left Copenhagen, every letter he wrote was regarded as a major event.
Widely circulated.
Undoubtedly, the cooperation among Bohr, Heisenberg and Pauli has played an inestimable role in the development of quantum mechanics. It was him.
, formed the core of the Copenhagen school.
How did the spirit of Copenhagen come into being? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to review how Niels Bohr
Like the Bohr Institute.
In 19 13, after Bohr published his landmark trilogy Atomic and Molecular Structure, invitations came to Bohr's.
Hands: 19 16, Bohr was invited to work by the University of California, and Bohr was hired by the President of Manchester University, England.
19 18, Rutherford wrote an invitation letter of "personal letter, personally initiated" to "make Manchester a modern physics research institute.
On the premise of "research center" and "annual salary of 200 pounds (equivalent to twice Bohr's income in Denmark"), Bohr was invited to the UK again.
Take office. Mentor and friend Rutherford's invitation, of course, has great attraction for Bohr, but Bohr wrote back:
I like going to Manchester again very much. I know this will be of great help to my scientific research. But I don't think so
I can accept the position you mentioned, because the University of Copenhagen has done its best to support my work, although it is financially.
In terms of personnel capacity and laboratory management, it can't reach the level of Britain. ..... I am determined to try my best to help Denmark.
Develop my own physics research ... My duty is to do my best here.
Bohr devoted himself wholeheartedly to establishing a physics research institute in his own country. 192 1 year on March 3rd, in the history of modern physics.
The Bohr Institute, which has great influence in the world, was finally announced. At the inaugural meeting, Bohr, the 35-year-old director, said: "
..... It is extremely important not only to rely on the talents of a few scientists, but also to constantly absorb a considerable number of young people.
Familiarize them with the results and methods of scientific research. Only in this way can we constantly raise new questions to the greatest extent;
More importantly, through young people's own contributions, new blood and new ideas will continue to flood into scientific research. "
As Australian scholar Robertson pointed out: "Young Danish and foreign physicists bring new ideas and vitality."
Under the guidance of Bohr and a group of experienced collaborators around him, it soon turned into fruitful results. "In the population is not
In a small country of 5 million, an international physics center has emerged, which is as famous as Britain and Germany, and has been praised by many physicists.
It is "a holy place of worship in the field of physics".
The central figure of this holy land is, of course, Niels Bohr. He is very enterprising and works day and night, but he is also humorous.
Hospitality, no putting on airs. He loves talents as much as his life and looks for promising young people to work in his office. He actively advocates international cooperation.
As a result, it is known as the "father of scientific internationalization."
In his research institute, there are Heisenberg, who is a lecturer at the age of 22 and a professor at the age of 27, and Pauli, who is the "whip of God".
There is also Landau (a physicist in the former Soviet Union and a Nobel Prize winner in physics) who is joking without discretion, and "almost painting"
Comics and limerick as the main occupation, and turned physics into a sideline. "Gamov (former Soviet physicist).
The atmosphere in Copenhagen makes people feel busy, excited, lively, cheerful, unrestrained and amiable. Copenhagen spirit
With the birth of quantum mechanics, it has become the most precious spiritual wealth in physics.