(A) seed cultivation technology
1. Requirements for fry: It is best to use a soil pond or an outdoor cement pond for cichlids fry culture. Generally, a single pond has an area of 50 ~ 100 cubic meters and a water depth of L ~ 1.5 meters. Before stocking fry, drain the pond water, thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond with quicklime, and apply sufficient base fertilizer to improve the water quality, so that fry can eat natural bait when they enter the pond.
2. fry stocking: before stocking fry, test the water first. The specifications of stocking in the same pool should be uniform and the size should be the same. Stocking density depends on bait, culture technology level and culture specifications. Generally, stocking density is about 100/m3. Soak the fry in salt water before they enter the pool.
3. Feeding: cichlasoma managuense larvae feed on zooplankton when they enter the pond. With the growth of fry, the food intake increases, while the zooplankton in the pond decreases gradually. At this time, topdressing can be used to cultivate zooplankton, and soybean paste can be added. After 15 ~ 20 days of cultivation, the feeding habits of fry began to change when they grew to more than 3 cm. At this time, the minced fish can be fed on the dining table for domestication, and then a small amount of artificial compound feed mixed with minced fish is fed after 2-3 days, and then the proportion of artificial compound feed is gradually increased, and the amount of minced fish is reduced until all artificial compound feed is used. The daily feeding amount is about 20% of the fish weight, and it is fed three times a day.
4. Cultivation management:
(1) Regulating water quality: In the process of fry cultivation, water quality is most likely to deteriorate due to fertilization and feeding. Therefore, water should be changed every 3 ~ 5 days, and the amount of water changed each time is 1/4 of the pool water. Some aquatic plants such as duckweed or water hyacinth can also be transplanted in the pond to purify the water quality and facilitate the fry to hide and eat.
(2) Feeding separately in time: When the growth specifications of fry are quite different, they should be screened in time because they have the habit of eating big and eating small. The specifications of fry in the same pond should be consistent so as not to affect the survival rate of fry.
(3) Daily management: mainly patrol the pond to observe the feeding, activities and water color changes of fry, so as to adjust the feeding amount in time and do a good job in fish disease prevention.
(II) Adult fish culture technology The shad can be polyculture, and polyculture can be adopted in two ways: one is to polyculture a small amount of shad in a pond, with about 22 to 50 shad per mu of water surface. Secondly, the main fish culture is shad, and the polyculture varieties include tilapia, grass carp and crucian carp. There are 150 ~ 200 shad and 300 mixed fish culture per mu of water surface. During the feeding period, artificial compound feed and fresh grass can be fed. When there are insufficient floating animals in the pond, appropriate topdressing is needed to cultivate zooplankton.