The role of potassium chloride
1, the role of potassium chloride
Mainly used in inorganic industry, is the manufacture of a variety of potassium salts such as potassium hydroxide, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, potassium alum and other basic raw materials. It is used as diuretics and drugs to prevent and control potassium deficiency in the pharmaceutical industry. In the dye industry, it is used in the production of G salt and reactive dyes. In agriculture, it is a kind of potassium fertilizer. Its fertilizer effect is fast, directly applied to farmland, can make the lower soil moisture rise, there is a drought effect. However, it should not be applied in saline land and to crops such as tobacco, sweet potato and sugar beet. In addition, it is also used in the manufacture of muzzle or muzzle flamethrower, iron and steel heat treatment agent, as well as for photographic.
In the food industry, it can be used as a salt substitute for agricultural products, aquatic products, livestock, fermentation, flavoring, canned food, convenience foods, etc., to make low-sodium products to reduce the sodium content is too high on the body's adverse effects; it is also used to fortify the potassium (for the human body electrolytes), the preparation of athletes drinks and so on.
2, what is potassium chloride
Colorless elongated rhombic or into a cubic crystal, or white crystalline small particles of powder, the appearance of salt, odorless, salty taste. Commonly used in low-sodium salt, mineral water additives. Potassium chloride is a commonly used clinical electrolyte balance regulator, with precise clinical efficacy, widely used in various clinical departments.
3, the production process of potassium chloride
3.1, flotation method: the use of flotation agent from the potassium-containing slurry production method of potassium chloride. Based on the potassium chloride and sodium chloride crystal surface has different degrees of water wetting properties, when adding flotation chemicals, that can change their surface properties, expand their surface wettability differences, the drum into the air to produce small bubbles, potassium chloride crystals attached to the small bubbles to form bubbles rise to the surface of the slurry.
The flotation agents used include:Capture agent, containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms of fatty amines. Adjusting agent, adjusting the role of the trapping agent and foaming agent to improve the flotation conditions, there are generally three kinds of: inhibitors, such as starch, aluminum sulfate, etc.; activators, such as lead salts, bismuth salts, etc.; adjusting agent, such as sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and so on. Foaming agent, pine oil and dioxane and pyran system of mono- and diatomic alcohols.
3.2, carnallite method: raw materials for carnallite ore, its methods are: total solution method: with the brine heated to 105 ℃ of saturated sodium chloride to dissolve carnallite, separation of sodium chloride and insoluble matter, the resulting clarified liquid cooled to 25 ℃, precipitation of potassium chloride crystals, washed, dried that is. The mother liquor is concentrated by evaporation, after recovering potassium chloride, part of it is discharged and part of it is returned to leaching carnallite ore. The quality of products obtained by this method is good, but the energy consumption is high.
Indications and dosage of Potassium Chloride Extended-Release Tablets
1. Indications:Treatment of hypokalemia:Hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient food, vomiting, severe diarrhea, the application of potassium-excluding diuretics. Hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis, long-term application of glucocorticoids and supplementation of hypertonic glucose. Prevention of Hypokalemia Prophylactic supplementation of potassium salts is required when potassium loss is present in the patient, especially if the occurrence of hypokalemia is more harmful to the patient (e.g., in patients on digitalisations), such as with very little food intake, severe or chronic diarrhea, prolonged use of adrenocorticotropic hormones, potassium-losing nephropathies, and Bartter's syndrome. Digitalis toxicity causes frequent, polygenic premature beats or tachyarrhythmias.
2, dosage:Adults once 0.5-1g (1 tablet -2 tablets), twice a day, after meals, and adjust the dose according to the needs of the disease, the general maximum dose of adults a day for 6g (12 tablets), for oral tablets gastrointestinal reaction can be changed to an oral solution, diluted in cold boiled water or drink for internal use.
Pharmacology and toxicology of potassium chloride extended-release tablets
Potassium is the main intracellular cation, the concentration of which is 150-160 mmol/L; while the main extracellular cation is sodium ion, the potassium concentration is only 3.5-5 mmol/L. The body relies mainly on the Na+-K ?ATPase on the cell membrane to maintain the difference in intracellular concentration of K+, Na+. The acid-base balance of the body has an effect on potassium metabolism, such as acidosis when H+ enters the cell, in order to maintain the potential difference of the cell, K+ is released to the outside of the cell, causing or aggravating hyperkalemia.
And metabolic disorders also affect acid-base balance. Normal intracellular and extracellular potassium ion concentration and concentration difference have a close relationship with some important cellular functions, including the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen storage, protein metabolism, intracellular osmolality and acid-base balance, cardiac muscle excitability and conductivity; maintenance of normal skeletal muscle tone and nerve impulse conduction, as well as can make intestinal, uterine, and bronchial smooth muscle tone rise, and so on.
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