Guangzhou is located in the subtropical zone, with a wide variety of tropical and subtropical fruits, and fresh fruits are on the market all year round, so it has the reputation of "the hometown of fruits". The history of cultivating fruit trees in Guangzhou can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty collected "imperial oranges" from Lingnan that year, and Shi Xie, the satrap of the handover of the Three Kingdoms and Wu, presented "Rui oranges" to Sun, all of which refer to sweet oranges, not oranges as commonly mentioned today.
According to the investigation, there are 40 families, 77 genera 132 species and varieties of fruit trees in Guangzhou, and there are more than 500 varieties, among which 33 excellent varieties have been introduced from home and abroad. Famous varieties include Zengcheng Gualv Litchi, Huangdeng Pineapple, Luogang Sweet Orange, Shek Kip Mei Longan and Fangcun Huadi Sweet Carambola. In recent years, varieties such as Hu Aizhi, litchi ripe in August, Hongjiang orange, longan with big fruit, papaya in fruit ear and Cuibao watermelon have been cultivated.
lychee
Litchi, known as the "king of fruits", is abundant in Conghua, Zengcheng and several suburbs of Guangzhou. Its fruit shape is unique, its face is red and pleasing to the eye, its pulp is like jelly, and it is sweet and rich. Excellent varieties include glutinous rice paste, cinnamon flavor, princess smile, hanging green and so on. Among them, the number of Huai branches is the largest, accounting for 70% to 80% of the total output. Litchi is a precious fruit in subtropical zone and one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan. It originated in southern China and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. At present, there are more than 100 litchi varieties in China, including more than 60 in Guangzhou alone. The quality of cinnamon glutinous rice paste is the best. Guiwei is attractive for its crisp and sweet meat, while glutinous rice paste is famous for its small core, thick meat and rich juice. In the past, it was called "Three Unique Litchi" together with "Bicun Glutinous Rice Paste", "Luogang Guiwei" and "Zengcheng Gualv". Among the three outstanding figures, "Zengcheng Guaqing" is the most precious and has been listed as a tribute by the court.
"Zengcheng hangs green"
"Zengcheng hangs green" has a red shell with green in it, four points are slightly green, and six points are dividends. There is a green line around each litchi. The pulp is white and crystal clear, sweet and refreshing, and has a unique flavor. The hanging green tree, which lives in the hanging green garden in Licheng Town, Zengcheng, is the ancestor of hanging green litchi, with a tree age of more than 400 years and a height of more than 5 meters. Several generations of Gualv descendants have been successfully cultivated, and more than 65,438+000 plants have been planted in several towns and villages in Zengcheng.
Citrus fruit trees
Oranges, oranges, lemons, oranges and grapefruit are a large category of fruits. Citrus is one of the famous fruits in Guangzhou, which is widely planted in Guangzhou. As early as the Southern Dynasties in the 5th century, there were many orange and pomelo orchards in Guangzhou. Today, the American Citi tangerine is indirectly introduced from Europe by Guangzhou Sweet Orange.
Citrus is an evergreen shrub or small tree, with white flowers in late spring, summer and autumn, oblate fruit, red or orange yellow, and sweet and sour taste. It is rich in China and has a history of 4000 years. The main excellent citrus varieties in Guangzhou are: dark orange, banana orange, fragrant orange, red orange, Sihui orange, mandarin orange, Nian orange, Xinhui sweet orange and so on. Guangzhou people say: high orange, naked orange and flat orange vividly illustrate the shapes of orange, orange and orange. Among them, Luogang Black Willow Sweet Orange produced in Luogang Town, Baiyun District is the most famous.
Tanzhou white sugarcane
Panyu is rich in sugar cane, known as the "sugar capital", and the white sugar cane produced in tanzhou town enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Tanzhou white cane is blue and white in color, thin in skin and crisp in flesh, with more sweet juice and less fiber. It can be eaten as fruit, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst.
pineapple
Originally known as pineapple, it originated in Brazil and was introduced to China in16th century. There are more than 70 varieties, which is one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan.
Pineapple is a perennial evergreen herb of pineapple family, with only one fruit in the center of each plant. Its fruit is cylindrical and is a compound fruit, which consists of many ovaries and floral axis. Pineapple peel has many flower organs (commonly known as fruit eye or pineapple chicken), which is hard and tricky. It must be peeled and dug up before eating.
Pineapple has three fruiting periods in a year, and the quality is the best when it matures from June to August. Fresh food should be bright in color, straight in shape, solid and medium-ripe. There are three common varieties of pineapple: Shenwan, Bali and Sarawak, and the "sugar-heart pineapple" carefully cultivated by Guangzhou fruit farmers in recent years is the best.
"sugar pineapple"
"Sugar pineapple" belongs to Sarawak species. Sarawak, also known as "Hawaii", has two or three kilograms of large and shallow-eyed fruit, which can be eaten after peeling. Its fruit shape is regular, its flesh is smooth and juicy, and its sweet and sour taste is moderate. It is an excellent variety of fresh food and canned food. Among the "sugar-heart pineapples", "Huangdeng Pineapple" produced in Huangdeng Village, Huangpu District, Guangzhou is the best. It is famous for its large meat, thick juice, sweet as honey and unusual smell.
pawpaw
Papaya, also known as papaya, is one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan, and is known as "the king of Lingnan fruits".
Papaya originated in Mexico and was introduced to China in17th century. Now it is cultivated all over Guangdong, especially in the suburbs of Guangzhou.
Papaya is an evergreen cork tree of Caricaceae, which is also called "three tropical herb fruit trees" with bananas and pineapples. The better varieties produced in Guangzhou are Lingnan species, Suihong, Thai red meat and so on. And the quality of Lingnan species is the best. Its fruit shape is long, round and full, with thick meat and few seeds, and it has the fragrance of osmanthus. Papaya fruit is huge, the fruit weighs one or two kilograms, and the big one can reach six or seven kilograms. Its fruit is fresh, tender and delicious, and rich in nutrition; Can also be stewed, papaya stewed with rock sugar can clear the heart and moisten the lungs, and treat laryngitis and other diseases; Immature papaya can be eaten with sugar as vegetable soup or pickled into "salty and sour papaya".
Bananas on thousands of hectares of sandy land
Among the famous fruits in Guangzhou, there are plantains. ten thousand