Hemiplegia refers to the decrease or loss of voluntary movement ability of upper and lower limb muscles, which can be divided into complete hemiplegia and incomplete hemiplegia according to its degree. According to the lesion site, it can be divided into upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons and myogenic hemiplegia. (1) Hemiplegia is accompanied by muscular atrophy, serum myozymogram is increased, and electromyography shows myogenic damage, which is common in myopathy, but rare because most patients are accompanied by other limb diseases. (2) Hemiplegia with electromyography showing neurological deficit is common in peripheral neuropathy, but rare. Most patients are accompanied by different degrees of contralateral limb paralysis. (3) Hemiplegia with muscular atrophy, hypotonia and tendon reflex. Electromyography showed neurogenic damage, which was seen in the ipsilateral anterior horn lesion of poliomyelitis with enlarged neck and waist. (4) Hemiplegic side has low muscular atrophy and tendon reflex, deep sensory disturbance, high ankylosing tendon reflex of lower limbs, positive pathological reflex, and deep sensory disturbance, which can be seen in syringomyelia caused by lower cervical disc herniation, intraspinal tumor, spinal cord tumor, incomplete transverse injury of lower cervical spine and trauma. (5) Muscle tension and tendon reflex of hemiplegic side were enhanced, pathological reflex was positive, and sensory depth was impaired. There is analgesia in the contralateral upper and lower limbs, which can be seen in tumors in the upper cervical spinal canal, disc herniation, trauma and lesions in the foramen magnum. (6) Unilateral hypoglossal nerve motor neuron paralysis with contralateral limb motor neuron hemiplegia can be seen in vascular diseases, demyelinating diseases and pre-medullary syndrome caused by tumors. (7) Unilateral peripheral facial paralysis and contralateral limb abduction paralysis with motor neuron paralysis are common in vascular diseases, demyelinating diseases and tumor-induced pontine syndrome (Millard-Gubler syndrome). (8) The ipsilateral ophthalmoplegia with motor neuron hemiplegia of the contralateral limb can be seen in the medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome) caused by vascular diseases, demyelinating diseases and tumors. (9) Unilateral oculomotor nerve paralysis with contralateral motor neuron hemiplegia is seen in vascular diseases, demyelinating diseases and brain-foot syndrome (Weber syndrome) caused by tumors. (10) Hemiplegia of limb motor neurons with ipsilateral tongue paralysis, hemiplegia, hemianopia and gaze disorder are more common in contralateral internal capsule or semi-oval lesions caused by cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, tumor, abscess and demyelinating diseases. ( 165438+