What are the famous figures of Qiang nationality in history? Famous Qiang people:
1. Emperor Yan-the ancestor of agricultural culture in Yan Qiang, China.
2. Xia Wangyu-the founder of China's founding dynasty Geng 3. Zhejiang Yue Wang Gou Jian
4. Zhao Haoqi, King of Qin among the Seven Heroes of Xiqiang during the Warring States Period.
5. Qin Shihuang-the first emperor in China to destroy six countries and establish a centralized system.
What is the relationship between the Qiang people in history and the Qiang people now? The ancient "Qiang" means Qiang, the oldest tribe in China and one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation. Huaxia nationality is mainly composed of Xia, Shang, Ji and Jiang clans, which are formed by the merger of other ethnic tribes. Among them, Xia, Ji and Jiang belong to the ancient Qiang system, and the Shang Dynasty belongs to the Dongyi nationality. In ancient times, Western Qiang and Dongyi ruled China, with Western Qiang accounting for the vast majority. We are used to calling the Chinese people descendants of the Yellow Emperor, the first clan of the Han nationality is Huangdi, and the first clan of the Qiang nationality is Yandi. Qiang nationality is one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation. The word "Qiang" frequently appears in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins as a title for people. It is still the name of one of the 56 ethnic groups in China. This 3,000-year-old "historical and cultural spectacle" is unique in the national history of the world. The "Qiang" tribe appeared earlier, dating back to the legendary Yanhuang tribe era, and its influence has been extensive. To study the national history of China and even Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and Northwest Asia, we must explore the relationship with the Qiang people. The ancient Qiang people were not a single nation, but many indigenous nomadic tribes living in the west of China. Some experts pointed out that Naxi, Sanxingdui and many other ethnic groups are directly related to Qiang. The upper reaches of Minjiang River are the corridors of some ancient nationalities. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the migration of Hehuang Qiang people was often seen in this corridor. After many migrations and continuous ethnic integration and changes, this ancient ethnic group now has a population of less than 300,000, mainly living in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Songpan and Heishui counties in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. It has a long history, dating back to the ancient Qiang people more than 3,000 years ago. One of the Qiang people moved from Gansu and Qinghai to the upper reaches of Minjiang River during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and gradually merged with local residents to form today's Qiang people. I said you are a replica of yourself upstairs, and I also said others.
Who knows the history of Qiang nationality? Which celebrities have appeared in history? The Qiang people mainly live in Mao Wen in western Sichuan, and the rest are scattered in Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui and Songpan. The population is 198252 (the fourth census 1990). Qiang people call themselves "Ermayina", which means "local people". Its national origin can be traced back to the left strongman more than 3000 years ago. As early as more than 3,000 years ago, there were records about Qiang people in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, and their main activities were in northwest China and the Central Plains. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Ranhe (Ma+Long) tribe of the ancient Qiang people has lived in the northwest of Sichuan. In the Tang Dynasty, some Qiang people assimilated into Tibetans and some assimilated into Han people. Today's Qiang people are a branch of ancient Qiang people.
Qiang people have no mother tongue, but they use Chinese, but they have their own language. Qiang language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is divided into two dialects: North and South.
There are pandas, flying foxes and golden monkeys that are rare in the world in the mountainous areas where Qiang people live. This ancient nation is now mainly engaged in agriculture. From scratch, leather, paper, wood, cement, fertilizer and other industries have been established. Embroidery, embroidery and knitting are the traditional crafts of the Qiang people.
1955 and 1956, Maowen county completed democratic reform and abolished feudal land ownership through peaceful negotiations. 1On July 7th, 958, Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County was established.
The taboo of Qiang nationality is: women hang cangue sheets or rucksacks outside the door when giving birth to prevent outsiders from entering, and hang red notes on the door when there are patients at home to prevent outsiders from visiting; Don't cross the fire pit or step on the tripod with your feet, and don't bake shoes and socks on the tripod; Avoid sitting on doorsteps and stairs; Don't put chopsticks horizontally on the bowl after dinner, and don't turn the glass upside down.
Most Qiang people have two meals a day, that is, they go out to work after breakfast and take steamed bread (corn flour buns) to eat in the field at noon, which is called "pinching". Go home for dinner after work in the afternoon. Most staple foods are inseparable from steaming. The usual noodle steaming is to steam corn flour into granules in a retort, which can be eaten as rice. Sometimes washed rice is mixed with corn flour, or corn flour is mixed with rice for steaming, which is called "gold coated silver" or "gold coated silver". Making steamed bread with wheat flour and corn flour and baking it on a fire pond is also one of the main daily foods of Qiang people. In many areas, Qiang people also like to eat corn flour and bean curd, ferment it with water, steam it into bean curd, or grind tender corn into steamed bread. Cooked with wheat flour and sliced meat is called "Hui Mian"; Boiled water and corn flour are boiled into a paste, which is called "noodle soup". If you continue to add corn flour to thicken it, it is called "stirring the ball" because chopsticks can be picked up. Are the staple foods you often eat. When eating jiaozi, you should also eat sauerkraut soup made of sauerkraut soaked in Chinese cabbage and round roots (radishes) to stimulate your appetite. Commonly used corn, wheat and beans are fried first and then ground into fried noodles, which are generally eaten when traveling or grazing. When eating potatoes, Qiang people like to cook the whole potato, then peel it, mash it into mud, make it into potato cake, fry it in oil, or fry it with honey. You can also make soup with potato chips, sauerkraut and meat slices.
Because the time to eat fresh vegetables is only a few months, I often eat Chinese cabbage, pickled cabbage soaked in radish leaves and pickled vegetables all the year round. Meat is mainly cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens, as well as fish and hunting animals. Generally, Qiang people scattered in mountainous areas do not eat fresh pork very often. They all kill pigs, depilate them, cut them in half or cut them into large pieces, hang them on the beams and smoke them to make "pig fat". The storage time is generally one year. When eating, they first cook them with vegetables. After cooking, they pick up the pig fat, cut it into rectangular pieces and put it in a bowl to eat. 2. Cut raw pickled pork fat into small pieces and fry them with vegetables to replace the oil of pork fat, and add some pepper and pepper to improve the taste. When the Qiang people slaughter Niannian pigs, they like to pour pig blood into the pig's large intestine, which is called blood sausage after cooking. Blood sausage is also a dish for banquet guests to eat wine. Some also mix pig blood with buckwheat to make blood steamed bread. Qiang people often put fresh pork in the belly of freshly slaughtered pigs and add salt and pepper. Tightly tied and air-dried to make a "stuffed stomach" that can last for a long time.
The wine that Qiang people generally drink is called miscellaneous wine, and Maoxian Qiang language is called "Rimaixi", which means Qiang people's wine. The production method of mixed wine is to cook highland barley, mix it with distiller's yeast, seal it in an jar, and drink it after 7-8 days of fermentation. Qiang people don't drink, but open the jar and suck it with a thin bamboo tube. When drinking, they take turns to drink and keep pouring cold water until the taste fades.
The stoves used by Qiang people for daily cooking are very distinctive. They often set up an iron tripod on the fire pit and put an iron pot on it to heat or bake food when cooking. The elegant iron tripod also needs silver ornaments.
For festivals, ceremonies, sacrifices, festivals, celebrations, funerals, parties, entertaining guests or changing jobs, besides sumptuous meals, wine is also essential. Just like A Qiang >>
Introduction of Qiang culture Beichuan Qiang people worship gods. There are more than 30 kinds of gods they believe in, which can be roughly divided into four categories; One is the god of nature, that is, the god of sun, mountain, tree, earth, fire, sheep and other livestock; The second is the family god, that is, the horn god (ancestors of past dynasties), and in some places there is the daughter-in-law god (presiding over housework and taking care of parents); Third, the gods of labor skills, such as pillar gods (architectural gods), masons, masons' wives (helping masons build houses), blacksmiths, carpenters, etc. 4. Land gods (country gods) have their own village gods in some villages, some are dogs and some are sheep. Among the gods, the God of Heaven and the God of the Sun are the noblest. They are the gods who dominate everything, protect people and animals and give people light and warmth. In the early morning and near dusk, Qiang people burned incense and cypress branches for sacrifice. Mountain gods, tree gods and sheep gods are also worshipped. Mountain gods ensure peace, and a grand mountain god sacrifice ceremony is held every year; Tree gods (also known as life gods) can protect the gods and protect the safety of people entering the forest. Qiang people strictly protect sacred forests and sacred trees, and should make sacrifices on schedule. The sacred forests in Wushang Village, Qingpian Township, our county, and the sacred trees in towns such as Taihong, Baini, Duba and Guanling are so tall and lush that the Qiang people envy them.
Qiang people are still white, taking white as good, and worship white stone (ivory quartz stone, called AWOL in Qiang language). Therefore, the gods they believe in are all symbolized by white stones except that the symbol of Vulcan is pot village (fire pond), tree god, sacred forest and sacred tree, and the symbol of sheep god is two horns. The gods represented by the white stone are different from the places of worship. For example, the white stone on the small tower and roof is the god of the sun, the white stone on the mountain is the god of the mountain, and the white stone in the corner of the main house is the god of the family. In the past, when Qiang people visited relatives and friends, they often regarded white stone as the most precious gift.
Qiang people communicate with God, and the Qiang people in Duba River Valley are also called Wei. Only men are allowed to serve, and they are not divorced from agricultural production. Divided into upper altar, middle altar and lower altar. Go to the altar to deal with the gods (sacred things), do not kill animals, and preside over the ceremony of sacrificing to the gods; Dealing with Chinese and Tanzanian people (personnel); Go down to the altar to deal with ghosts and gods, kill pests, summon spirits, send ghosts, and kill animals by yourself. The utensils used are monkey skin hat, monkey head, sheepskin drum, magic stick, knife, token, gong, bronze mirror, bronze seal, claw-claw, animal tooth-claw and so on. , are regarded as extremely sacred items, especially the monkey skin hat and the monkey head, and no one is allowed to touch or touch them.
In addition to Buddhist scriptures and incantations, there are divination (sheep beard and white dog eggs), sending ghosts (sending hairy people), stepping on red pots (stepping on red-hot iron pots), licking heads (licking red-hot shovels), spitting oil and fire (drinking hot vegetable oil and spitting fire) and so on. Most Qiang people have certain historical knowledge and social experience. They are the inheritors of Qiang culture and have high prestige among the masses. Generally speaking, it is operated by him, which is used for offering sacrifices to mountains, evoking spirits and exorcising ghosts, treating diseases and eliminating disasters, and burying relatives.
Qiang culture has a long history.
In ancient times, the Geji people of Beichuan Qiang people and the Tangut Qiang people who moved south from the northwest prairie achieved great integration and became the ancestors of today's Qiang people. The ancient Qiang people were industrious, intelligent, brave and good at singing and dancing, which became a glorious page in the history of Qiang people.
Most of the ancient Qiang folk houses in Beichuan are built by mountains and rocks. Their houses are all made of local materials and made of a piece of azurite slate, which is called a bunker. It has both residential function and defensive function. Recently, it has been gradually changed into a wooden structure, and the diaojiao building is the most distinctive.
The basic colors of the traditional costumes of the Qiang nationality are mainly blue, blue and white. Both men and women have worn knee robes, belts, collars, sleeves and trousers and embroidered with patterns. Its diet is mainly local corn, buckwheat, highland barley, wheat, potatoes and other miscellaneous grains, and it likes drinking, folk meals and flavor snacks, which is a must.
Qiang people are good at singing and dancing, and the folk songs they sing include love songs, bitter songs, festive songs, funeral songs, wine songs and folk songs. Shalang is the most popular dance of the Qiang people, and the first day of the tenth lunar month, that is, the calendar year of the Qiang people, is the most solemn festival of the Qiang people. Most of them hold the Mountain God Festival during the harvest season to sacrifice sheep and pray for blessing. Qiang flute, kouxian, sheepskin drum and suona are commonly used musical instruments in Qiang festivals. Qiang people believe in more than 30 kinds of gods, many of which are symbolized by white stone, and at the same time, they respect Dayu as a god. ...& gt& gt
During the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Qiang people in the northwest successively established Cheng (Cheng Han), Qian Qin, Xia, and Hou Zhao, but all of them were short-lived and had little vitality and influence.
In 88 1 year (at the end of the Tang Dynasty), Tuoba Sigong, a Tangut Qiang, established the Zhou Xia regime in Zhou Xia (now Baichengzi, the border of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi), ruling Zhou Xia, Sui, Yin and Yi. Xia Guo is a country with Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Qingdangxiang Qiang as the main body, including other ethnic groups in the northwest. There are eight clans in the Tangut Qiang nationality: Xifeng clan, Feiting clan, Wang Li clan, Manchao clan, Ye Li clan, Mishuo clan and Tuoba clan, among which Tuoba clan is the strongest and plays a leading role. After being invaded by Tubo, he applied to the Tang Dynasty to move to Shaanxi and Ningxia.
Is there a difference between the Qiang people in history and the Qiang people now? Historically, the Qiang nationality has not completed the process of national formation and is in the stage of tribal alliance.
The name "Qiang" had two meanings in ancient times.
In a narrow sense, Qiang refers to the Tibetan and Burmese tribes in today's western regions such as Qinghai, western Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi and southern Xinjiang, while in a broad sense, Qiang is the collective name of all ethnic groups in the west, that is, "Xirong".
During the Qin and Han dynasties, Qiang people had no cities and were in a clan commune society.
During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the post-Qin regime was established by burning Qiang. Later, it was destroyed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty and burned into the Han nationality.
When Liu Bei established Shu Han, it might have been earlier. Hu (or Qiang) moved to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and became the ancestor of Tubo (now Tibet).
The Mosuo people of Yak Qiang moved to Lijiang, Yunnan, and became the ancestors of the Naxi people.
In the middle of Tang Dynasty, Dangxiang Qiang moved from Qinghai to Ningxia. The Xixia regime was established in the Northern Song Dynasty. This is the last regime established by the Qiang people. After the demise of Xixia, the rest of the Tangut people moved to the southwest, and the Qiang people conveniently withdrew from the historical stage in northern China.
The modern Qiang nationality is a branch of the ancient Qiang nationality, mainly distributed in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, and the rest are distributed in neighboring provinces.
Except for the Qiang people in Guizhou who no longer use Qiang language, Qiang people in other areas still use the Qiang language of the Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family.
Di people and Qiang people have the same language and customs, and are often called "Di Qiang" together with Qiang people.
The Tibetans, Yi, Naxi, Bai, Hani, Bo, Pumi, Jingpo, Lahu and Jino in the southwest of China belong to the Tibeto-Burman language family, all of which are formed by the differentiation and integration of the ancient Di and Qiang tribes.
The real origin of the Qiang nationality is the Guanyin Bodhisattva on Naputu Mountain. He gave a commandment to a macaque transformed from a god from the South China Sea and ordered it to practice on the snowy plateau. This macaque came to a cave in the Yalong River valley to meditate on compassion. Just as the monkey was practicing seriously, a female demon came to the mountain. She tried her best to lust and said bluntly, Let's combine! At first, the macaque replied: I am a disciple of Guanyin Bodhisattva, and I was ordered to practice here. If I combine with you, I won't break my commandments! Banshee added shyly, if you don't combine with me, I'll kill myself. I was destined to be a demon in my last life; Because of the fate with you, I am looking for you as a loving person today. If we can't get married, I will be a devil's wife in the future. I will kill thousands of creatures and give birth to countless demons and grandchildren. At that time, the snowy plateau was a devil's world, and many creatures had to be killed. So I hope you can agree to my request. The macaque was born a bodhisattva. Hearing this, he thought: If I marry her, I will break the precepts; If I don't marry her, I will cause another big crime. Thinking of this, the monkey stumbled to Putuo Mountain to find Guanyin Bodhisattva and asked him what to do. Avalokitesvara thought for a moment, and then said, "This is an act of God and a good omen." . It is a great good thing that you can combine with her and breed human beings in this snowy area. As a bodhisattva, we should be brave in seeing good; Go and marry the witch. In this way, the macaque became the witch's companion. Later, the couple gave birth to six little monkeys with different temperaments and hobbies. The macaque incarnated as a bodhisattva sent the six little monkeys to the fruit tree forest and let them find their own food. Three years later, the monkey father went to visit his children and found that they had bred 500. At this time, the fruit of the forest is getting less and less, and it is about to dry up. The little monkeys cried when they saw the old monkey coming. What shall we eat in the future? He spread out his hands and looked very painful. Seeing this, the macaque said to himself, I have given birth to so many offspring according to the will of Guanyin Bodhisattva. What happened today broke my mind. I might as well ask Guanyin again. Thinking of this, he immediately came to Putuo Mountain to ask the sage for advice. The Bodhisattva said: Your descendants, I have raised enough. As a result, the macaques in Xumishan obeyed and took away the natural grain seeds. Scattered on the earth, the earth will be covered with all kinds of grain pots without farming, and the monkey father will bid farewell to the little monkeys and return to the cave. Because the monkey got enough food, his tail became shorter and shorter, and he began to talk, and gradually became a human being, the ancestor of the snowy area. Note: The story of macaque becoming human is widely circulated among Tibetan people, recorded in ancient scriptures, and draped in the murals of Potala Palace and Norbulingka. The cave where macaques live is Kampot Mountain near Zedang in folklore, and Zedang is also named after the place where monkeys play.
Please accept it, thank you!
Who are the famous Qiang people in history? Yandi ―― the ancestor of agricultural culture of Qiang people in China.
Silkworm follows the king-the first king in Sichuan and Sichuan.
Xia-the founder of China.
The Head of Rhinoceros —— Yiqu King of Longfang North Qiang in Shang Dynasty.
Zhou Wuwang ―― The King of Destroying Business and Rejuvenating Strength.
Jiang Ziya, a great strategist of Qiang nationality, was the founder of Qi State in Shandong Province.
Uncle Yu-Duke of Jin, Shanxi
Mang Wang, the King of Minshan Village
Anyang-King Qiang of Qingyi, Sichuan
Sword-the king of the western Qiang against hegemony
Zhejiang Yue Wang Gou Jian
Zhao Haoqi of Qin Dynasty ―― King of Seven Heroes in Warring States and Xiqiang.
Qin Shihuang-the first emperor in China to destroy six countries and establish a centralized system.
Tang Dou, King of Nuoqiang State in Xinjiang
Taste Qiang-King of Yunnan
Li Xiong —— Emperor of Han Cheng, Sichuan
Yao Chang, the emperor of the Great Qin State.
Upholding the Banner ―― Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Qing Qin Wang Rebel Army
Dagawa-* * * King of Tang Fang (máo)
Supi Ma-* * King of Supi
Uncle Jiang ―― King of the Sheep Kingdom
Bin Jiu-King of Dongnu in Qamdo
Li Bai ―― King of the Tiger Kingdom in Sichuan
Nojibo-King of Qinghai
Yuan Hao-the Emperor of Daxia Kingdom
Te Wang —— Wang Qiang of Sichuan Ran Yijun
Ma Chao-the fourth general of the five tigers in Shu.
Qiang folk custom: Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival.
Dragon and lion dances in the Spring Festival have a long history in Huizhou. Since ancient times, from the first day of the first month to the first half of the month (that is, the fifteenth day of the first month), dragons and lions have been all over the streets, and they are very lively every day, which is very local in Huizhou.
The traditional dragon and lion dances are spontaneously composed of folk, mostly Yilong, Wu Ban and village lions.
Folk dragon dancing has a typical Cantonese style. Dragon dance is made by myself. The main skeleton of the faucet is made of bamboo, the outside is painted on paper, and the colored cloth is the dragon body. The whole dragon is 13 feet long, about 42 meters. When dancing the dragon, the front is led by Sun and Moon cards, plaques, palace lanterns, costume teams (disguised as folk story figures of past dynasties), octopus, phoenix, lion and miscellaneous water (disguised as fish, shrimp, crab, clam, etc.). ), and finally alive. Drums all the way, drums all the way, a large number of people, vast, across the street, the whole city sensation. At the dragon sutra, from time to time, there are old people leading and sun drilling around the dragon's belly, which means "dragon drilling", which means folk customs such as "dragon drilling", "hunting dragons" and "sending dragon stickers" when dancing dragons, which is quite local.
Folk lion dance and dragon dance have the same characteristics. After tying the lion, he also went to Yuanming Temple to "open his eyes" and carry out "grabbing the green" activities. On the morning of the first day of the Spring Festival, the lions of all stripes were led by touts carrying boxes. Lions, gongs, drums and cymbals are performed in turn by martial arts teams armed with various cold weapons. Everywhere they went, shops and residents greeted each other with firecrackers and sealed red envelopes, which lasted until the fifteenth day of the first month.
Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival is called "May Festival". Dragon boat race is called "Dragon Boat Festival" by Huizhou folks. The traditional dragon boat race is held every year from the first day to the sixth day of the fifth lunar month. After thousands of years, it flourished for a while.
Every year, the "May Festival" of the lunar calendar is dominated by rivers, and the "dragon boat water" doubles the interest of dragon fleets in various streets (villages). In the past May Festival, the dragon fleet that completed the pre-competition ceremony held dragon boat races in batches along the river on the Dongjiang River. The dragon boat race first goes downstream, then goes upstream, and finally sprints to decide whether to win or lose. Most of the prizes are gardeners (hanging the whole cloth with bamboo ropes and covering it with paper towels), and the winners are mostly local Yin merchants. The winner put "Huajiang" on the bow and went up the river as a glory.
The Mid Autumn Festival moon
August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival in China.
Mid-Autumn Festival is a large-scale celebration festival next to Spring Festival.
In order to have a good Mid-Autumn Festival, people begin to prepare for the festival one month after the sheep festival, and buy moon cakes (a white cake made of white glutinous rice flour and white sugar), wind millet, water chestnuts, edible olives, red persimmons, taro, grapefruit, peanuts and other foods. Of course, moon cakes and lanterns are essential for every family.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people who are far away from their hometown go back to their hometown to have a reunion dinner and tell their families what they did this year and their next goal, while those who have been in charge for many years say more good things (words of encouragement). When the moonlight rises, the family will open moon cakes and light lanterns together to start the annual moon viewing activities.
With the development of the times, the folk activities of enjoying the moon are moving from the palace to the public places. At present, there are two places to enjoy the moon: Pinghu and Tangquan.
Climbing mountains and flying kites on Double Ninth Festival
The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival every year. There is a custom of climbing mountains and flying kites on the folk Double Ninth Festival.
According to folklore, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival can bring good luck to climbers, and climbing for three consecutive years can be transshipped. In the sense of physical exercise, climbing on the Double Ninth Festival does have its unique benefits. The Double Ninth Festival is in early autumn, and the air is crisp in autumn. At this time, the physical and mental benefits are not comparable. It can not only exercise and enhance physical fitness, but also look up at the top of the mountain and see the beautiful scenery, which is refreshing.
At present, the most spectacular places in the annual Double Ninth Festival are Mount Luofu, Mount Jiulong and Mount Xiangtou, Gao Bang and Fengshan in the urban area, especially Mount Luofu in Boluo. Every year, on the eve of the Double Ninth Festival (the eighth day of the ninth lunar month), more than100000 climbers from various counties in this city and Dongguan, Zengcheng, Guangzhou and Shenzhen successively climbed the top of Luofu Mountain and flew to the top. People who waited for the sunrise all night sat around the top of the mountain and blessed each other. At sunrise, fireworks resounded through the sky and blended with the rising sun, which was quite spectacular. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in recent years, the number of people climbing Luofu Mountain has been above100000 every year, and at most it has exceeded 300000, making climbing the Double Ninth Festival of Luofu Mountain a major event of Lingnan Double Ninth Festival.
It is a unique custom to put paper owls on the Double Ninth Festival. Folk singing: September 9 is Chongyang; Put paper harrier, line length. According to our traditional custom, flying kites is usually in the Qing Dynasty. Due to the climate ... >>