Agaricus bisporus is also called mushroom, white mushroom and mushroom. It is nutritious and delicious, and is well received by the market. If we use wheat straw and cow dung as raw materials to cultivate Agaricus bisporus, the investment is low and the benefit is high, which is worth popularizing. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
1. Build a mushroom house. Choose a high-lying and dry place with sufficient water resources, and build a house in a place facing south. The width of the room is 2.4m (two beds) or 4.5m (three beds), depending on the terrain. The concrete construction method is the same as the general plastic shed of Pleurotus ostreatus. In order to increase the planting area, the retaining walls on both sides can be raised appropriately, and a simple bedstead can be set up with wooden sticks and covered with corn stalks and reed foil, and 2 ~ 3 layers can be planted with a spacing of 60 cm.
2. Composting and fermentation of culture materials. ① Prepare materials. According to 100 m2, 1500 kg of dry wheat straw, 1000 kg of dry cow dung, 15 ~ 20 kg of urea, 37.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 40 kg of gypsum powder, 45 kg of calcium carbonate and 20 kg of quicklime are needed for material preparation.
② Pile construction. It should be carried out in the middle and late July, and the wheat straw and cow dung should be pre-wetted two days before stacking. Humidity is: 4 ~ 5 drops of cow dung between fingers; When the wheat straw is twisted by hand, water drops fall. According to the north-south direction, the pile is 2.5m wide, 7-8m long and1.5m high, with 7 floors in total. 1 layer is paved with 30cm thick wheat straw, followed by urinary incontinence (1/7 of the total), and then sprinkled with 150kg cow dung. The thickness of wheat straw in layer 2-7 is 20cm, and the thickness of cow dung in layer 2-6 is 100kg, and the rest is covered in layer 7. The dosage of urea is used for each layer. After the completion of the reactor, the temperature can rise to 75℃, and the temperature of the reactor will drop after 5 ~ 6 days.
3 turn over the pile. After 7 days of piling, 1 turn over the pile and add quicklime 15 kg (remaining bed surface). Adding gypsum powder for the second time, the pile width is reduced to1.5 ~ 2m, the length is 7m, and the height remains unchanged. When calcium superphosphate is added for the third time, if the feed temperature exceeds 60℃, an exhaust hole is set every1.5m. Calcium carbonate (2/3 of the total amount) is added for the fourth time. Adjust the pH value for the fifth time to make it 7.2 ~ 8.
3. sow seeds. 1 One week before the mushroom material enters the room, the mushroom room should be completely disinfected with 1.2% copper sulfate or 500 times carbendazim. Then move the material indoors, spread it with a thickness of 15 ~ 20 cm, and sow when the material temperature drops below 28℃ and there is no ammonia smell in the material. Use 1 ~ 1.5 bottles of strain per square meter, first spread 2/3 of the strain evenly on the material surface, shake the material surface by hand to make the strain sink 3 ~ 5 cm, then spread the remaining strain on the material surface and pat it flat with a wooden stick.
4. Management after sowing. ① Temperature and humidity. Moisturizing is mainly carried out within 3 days after sowing, and the suitable temperature for mycelium growth is 20 ~ 25℃ and the relative humidity is 70% ~ 75%.
② Cover the soil. After sowing, cover the soil for about 13 ~ 15 days (2/3 of mycelium feed). The soil is loam or clay loam, and it needs 3 ~ 3.5 cubic meters per 100 square meter. The particle size of coarse-grained soil is 1 ~ 1.5cm, accounting for 2/3. The particle size of fine soil is 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm, accounting for 1/3, which is used for covering soil after mixing. Add the remaining calcium carbonate and 0.25 kg of dichlorvos into the soil, spray water evenly, and mix evenly. The moisture of soil particles will be rounded and flattened, and then covered with film for 24 hours. When covering soil, the surface soil thickness of the material is 3 ~ 3.5 cm, which is consistent.
③ Management after covering soil. Adjust the soil moisture in the first three days after covering the soil to make the water content reach 16% ~ 18%, that is, the coarse soil has no white core, is round and flat, and has no cracks; Fine soil will crack when it is flattened. About half a month after covering the soil, when some hyphae become thick and form pea-sized fruiting bodies, spray mushroom water in time, generally 1 ~ 1.5 kg/m2 (depending on the fungus material), 3-4 times a day for 2 days, and then ventilate1~1. After 6 days, when the fruiting body grows to the size of soybean, spray 1 times the fruiting water, generally 0.25 ~ 0.5 kg/m2. /kloc-after 0/0 day, spray water according to the mushroom quantity, spray more mushrooms, spray less mushrooms, and ventilate for 30 minutes after spraying. After covering the soil for half a month, the suitable temperature for fruiting body growth is 13 ~ 18℃, and the relative humidity is about 90%.
④ Harvest and post-harvest management. When the mushroom cover grows to 2 ~ 4 cm, it is harvested before opening the umbrella. After the tide mushroom is finished, remove the dead mushrooms and residual mushroom roots on the surface of the mushroom material in time, fill the holes with coarse and fine soil, and spray water again 1 time, waiting for the next tide mushroom to grow.
⑤ Overwintering and spring management. In winter, the mushroom shed should be reinforced to prevent heavy snow from collapsing. Loose soil mushroom bed 1 time, add new fine soil 1 cm. Before the next year's fright, check the water content of the material, sprinkle 50 grams of plant ash per square meter, and spray water for wetting. Spray dichlorvos 1000 times within 3 days after the sting, and hang dichlorvos cloth in a ventilated place to prevent pests. After the temperature rises, the management will cover the soil in autumn and the harvest will end in June.