Although you will encounter many unsatisfactory things in the process of learning, the ancients said it well - you will gain wisdom when you eat a hard time. One more failure means one more lesson; one more setback means one more experience. People without failures and setbacks will never succeed. This article is the "Summary of Seventh Grade Geography Knowledge Points" that I compiled for you for your reference.
Summary of seventh grade geography knowledge points
1. Shape and size of the earth
①The earth is a sphere.
②The fleet led by Portuguese navigator Magellan achieved the first human voyage around the earth.
③The earth has a surface area of ??510 million square kilometers, a circumference of 40,000 kilometers, an equatorial radius of 6378 kilometers, a polar radius of 6357 kilometers, and an average radius of 6371 kilometers.
2. Latitude and longitude
① Latitude: a circle perpendicular to the earth’s axis and surrounding the earth.
The latitude lines are of different lengths, and the equator is the latitude line.
②Longitude: a semicircle that connects the north and south poles and intersects perpendicularly with the latitude.
Meridians are of equal length.
3. Latitude and longitude
①The changing pattern of latitude: increasing from the equator (0° latitude) to the south and north poles. The latitude is 90 degrees, at the South Pole and the North Pole.
② The latitude north of the equator is called northern latitude, represented by "N"; the latitude south of the equator is called southern latitude, represented by "S".
③ Taking the equator as the boundary, the earth is evenly divided into two hemispheres: the northern and southern hemispheres. North of the equator is the northern hemisphere, and south of the equator is the southern hemisphere.
④The change pattern of longitude: from the prime meridian (0° longitude) to the west and east to 180
⑤The longitude east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, with "E" " means; the longitude west of the prime meridian is called west longitude, represented by "W".
⑥The dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres is: the longitude circle composed of 20°W and 160°E.
West of 20°W to 160°E belongs to the Western Hemisphere (greater than 20°W or greater than 160°E)
East of 20°W to 160°E belongs to the Eastern Hemisphere (less than 20° W or less than 160°E)
4. Movement of the Earth
①
Movement of the Earth: rotation/revolution
What does it revolve around? : Earth's axis/sun
Direction: from west to east/from west to east
Period: about 24 hours/year
Natural phenomena produced: alternation of day and night/ Forming four seasons
②The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are opposite to those in the Southern Hemisphere (spring-autumn; summer-winter)
③Division of five zones on the earth's surface: Northern Cold Zone (66.5°N-- 90°N), northern temperate zone (23.5°N--66.5°N), tropical zone (23.5°N--23.5°S), southern temperate zone (23.5°S--66.5°S), southern frigid zone (66.5°S- -90°S)
Cold zone: polar day and night phenomenon. Tropical zone: direct sunlight phenomenon.
Temperate zone: neither direct sunlight phenomenon nor polar day and night phenomenon. The four seasons change obviously.
④ Low latitude: 0°--30°; mid-latitude: 30°--60°; high latitude: 60°--90°
⑤ Dial from west to east The globe, when viewed from above the North Pole, rotates counterclockwise; when viewed from the sky above the South Pole, the globe rotates clockwise.
5. Map
①The three elements of a map: scale, direction, and legend.
②Scale type: line segment scale, digital scale
③Judgment of scale size: the smaller the denominator, the larger the fraction, which is a large scale; the larger the denominator, the smaller the fraction. , is a small scale.
④ A large scale indicates a small range and a detailed content (such as the map of Dongtai City)
A small scale indicates a large range and the content is omitted (such as the map of Jiangsu Province)
⑤The vertical distance above sea level at a location on the ground is called altitude. A line connecting points with equal altitudes is a contour line. Contour lines can be used to represent the rise and fall of the ground.
Knowledge points from the first volume of junior high school geography: land and ocean
1. The distribution of land and sea in the world is very uneven. The land is mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, but there is an ocean (Arctic Ocean) around the North Pole; The oceans are mainly concentrated in the northern and southern spheres, but there is a piece of land around the Antarctic (Antarctica)
2. 71% of the earth's surface is ocean and 29% is land.
3. A peninsula is a protruding part of land that extends into the ocean; a strait is a narrow waterway that connects two oceans.
4. Seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania
Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean
5. Changes in sea and land Reason: Changes in the earth's crust and rising and falling sea levels are the main causes of changes in the sea and land. Human activities can also cause changes in the sea and land.
6. German scientist Wegener proposed the hypothesis of continental drift.
7. In the 1960s, earth science research showed that continental drift was caused by plate movement.
8. For the schematic diagram of the six major sections, please refer to page 37 of the textbook.
9. Generally speaking, the crust inside the plate is relatively stable; the crust is relatively active in the area where the plates meet, and it is the concentrated distribution area of ??volcanoes and earthquakes in the world.
Knowledge points from the first volume of junior high school geography: Weather and climate (P42)
1. Weather has two important characteristics: weather reflects the atmospheric conditions of a place in a short period of time; at the same time, The weather can vary greatly from place to place.
2. For the wind direction and force, see Figure 3.4 on page 45 of the textbook.
3. Temperature and air temperature distribution
①The temperature of the day occurs around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and the lowest temperature occurs around sunrise.
② During the year, the temperature in the northern hemisphere is the lowest on the continent in July and January.
Throughout the year, the temperature in the Southern Hemisphere is the lowest on the continent in July and January.
③From the equator to the poles, the temperature gradually decreases.
④According to observations, for every 100 meters of increase in altitude, the temperature drops by approximately 0.6°C.
⑤Use isotherm diagram to represent the horizontal distribution of temperature.
4. Precipitation and distribution of precipitation
① Rain, snow, hail, etc. falling from the atmosphere are collectively called precipitation. Rainfall is the main form of precipitation. ②From the equator to the poles, the general trend is that annual precipitation gradually decreases.
③ Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland.
④In the temperate zone, there is less precipitation in the interior of the continent and more precipitation in the coastal areas.
⑤Use a constant precipitation line chart to represent the distribution of precipitation.
⑥The world's "rainiest pole" - Cherrapunji; the world's "dryest pole" - Atacama Desert.
⑦Normally, the windward slopes of mountains receive more precipitation, while the leeward slopes receive less precipitation.
4. World climate
①Climate is the average weather conditions in a place for many years, and generally does not change much.
②For the world climate distribution map, see page 58 of the textbook.
③ Near the equator (tropical rainforest climate); the polar regions (boreal climate); the east coast of the continent near the Tropic of Cancer (subtropical monsoon and monsoon humid climate); the west coast of the continent near the Tropic of Cancer (tropical desert climate); Mid-latitude inland areas (temperate continental climate).
④ Tropical rainforest climate characteristics: high temperature and rainy year-round; Mediterranean climate characteristics: little rain during high temperature periods and rainy periods at low temperatures.
⑤Main factors affecting climate: latitude, sea and land location, topography, are also the main factors affecting temperature and precipitation.
⑥Contents related to this section in "Geographical Atlas".
Summary of seventh grade geography knowledge points
1. The circumference of the earth’s latitude line is the equator, which is about 40,000 km long. The surface area of ??the earth is 510 million square kilometers. The average radius of the Earth is 6371km.
2. The largest continent in the world is Asia, and the smallest continent is Oceania. Among the four oceans is the Pacific Ocean, the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean, and the largest ocean is the Arctic Ocean.
3. If the scale on the map is large, the range represented is small, but the content is detailed. The three forms of scale are digital, line segment, and text. Of the four oceans on Earth, the Arctic Ocean is the one with the widest range of longitudes. Of the seven continents, Antarctica is the one that spans the widest range of longitudes.
4. On the contour topographic map, where the slope is steep, the contour lines are dense; where the slope is gentle, the contour lines are sparse. The three elements of a map are direction, scale, legend and annotation. The island of the world is Greenland.
5. There are generally five types of land terrain, namely mountains, plains, plateaus, basins, and hills. The main causes of sea and land changes are crustal changes and sea level rise and fall. Among the five zones, the northern frigid zone and the southern frigid zone receive the least heat from the sun.
6. Gagarin was the first astronaut to enter space in a spacecraft. my country's first astronaut to enter space on a spacecraft was Yang Liwei. On the surface of the earth, the total land area accounts for 29% of the total surface area.
7. Among the seven continents in the world, the dividing line between North America and South America is the Panama Canal. The dividing line between Asia and Africa is the Suez Canal. The dividing lines between Asia and Europe are the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Turkish Strait.
8. The lake in the world is the Caspian Sea. Antarctica is the continent with the highest average altitude in the world and is known as the "Ice and Snow Plateau". The desert of the world is the Sahara.
9. The theory of continental drift was proposed by the German scientist Wegener. In the 1960s, people proposed the theory of plate tectonics. The earth's surface is composed of six major plates, namely the Eurasian plate, the African plate, the Indian Ocean plate, the Pacific plate, the American plate, and the Antarctic plate.
10. The largest plain in the world is the Amazon Plain. The largest river in the world is the Amazon River. The longest river in the world is the Nile. The largest tropical rainforest climate zone in the world is the Amazon basin.
11. The land on the earth is mainly distributed in the northern hemisphere when viewed from the southern and northern hemispheres. In terms of the division of the two hemispheres of the earth, the northern and southern hemispheres are divided by the equator, and the eastern and western hemispheres are divided by 200W and 1600E.
12. The level of air quality is related to the amount of pollutants contained in the air, which can be expressed by the pollution index. If the value is small (large or small), it is beneficial to human health.
13. On the globe, the semicircle connecting the north and south poles is the longitude (also called the meridian), indicating the direction of north and south, and the length is equal. Lines of latitude are circles with unequal radii, indicating the east-west direction, and unequal lengths.
14. The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula. The zero degree longitude is called the prime meridian, and the zero degree latitude is the equator. The largest plateau in the world is the Brazilian Plateau, and the largest plateau is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The largest basin in the world is the Congo Basin. The continents that the equator passes through are Africa and South America.
15. On October 12, 1999, the world’s population reached 6 billion. The natural growth rate of population is the birth rate minus the death rate. Population density = number of residents/unit area. The shallow sea area extending from the continent to the ocean is called the continental shelf.
16. The indigenous inhabitants of North America include Indians and Inuit, who belong to the yellow race. Among the continents, Europe is dominated by plains.
On a contour topographic map, the contour lines are convex from high to low. The terrain here is a ridge. The contour lines are convex from low to high. The terrain here is a valley. The place where the contour lines overlap. It's a cliff.
17. The densely populated areas of the world are mainly distributed in the east and south of Asia, Europe and the east of South and North America. Globally, they are mainly distributed in the plain areas of mid- and low-latitude offshore plains.
18. Currently, there are nearly 80 million more people in the world every year. Overpopulation and rapid population growth have huge impacts on the environment, economy and society. The revolution period is one year and the rotation period is one day. It orbits the sun.
19. In order to solve the problems caused by excessive population growth, human beings must control themselves and achieve planned births so that population growth is compatible with social and economic development, and with resources and environmental conditions. coordination.
20. The three main races in the world are yellow race, white race and black race. The three major races in the world are all equal and there is no distinction between them. The homeland of black people is sub-Saharan Africa. The most spoken language in the world is Chinese, and the most widely spoken language is English.
21. The three major religions in the world are Islam and Buddhism. The religion with the most followers is. The working languages ??of the United Nations are Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Arabic.
22. Sparsely populated areas are mainly distributed in: arid desert areas, rainforest areas with too humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all year round, or high plateaus and mountainous areas.
23. The main race in eastern Asia is yellow, the main race in Europe is white, and the main race in southern Africa is black. The manifestations of internal forces include folds, faults, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. External forces can manifest themselves in the form of sunlight, waves, wind erosion, running water, etc.
24. The main signs of settlement development are the increasing area, the increasing number of buildings, and the increasingly perfect roads. The mountain range that runs through western South America is the Andes.
25. The main factors for the formation and development of settlements include sufficient water sources, convenient transportation, fertile soil, flat terrain, and rich natural resources. If the scale on the map is small, the range represented is large, but the content is rough.
26. Settlement refers to the concentrated residence of people, which can be divided into two categories: rural and urban. The three types of precipitation are convective rain, orographic rain, and frontal rain.
27. Judging from the distribution of the world's annual average temperature, the hottest continent is Africa and the coldest continent is Antarctica. The coldest continent is Asia. The areas with higher average annual temperatures in the world are distributed between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer.
28. Generally speaking, the temperature is low in high latitudes and high in low latitudes. The temperature in mountainous areas decreases with the increase of altitude. For every 100m of altitude increase, the temperature drops by 0.6℃. This is the main reason why "a mountain has four seasons" and the snow on the top of the mountain does not melt all year round.
29. In my country, the southeastern United States and other regions, there is a climate: the average temperature of the coldest month in winter is above 0°C, it is hot and rainy in summer (it is often said that rain and heat are in the same period), and the four seasons are distinct. The two climate types are subtropical monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon humid climate.
30. Tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, such as the Amazon Plain, Congo Basin, Malay Islands and other places. Tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed on the north and south sides of the tropical rainforest climate. The world's largest tropical grassland area is Africa.
31. The world’s tropical monsoon climate is mainly distributed in the Indian Peninsula and Indochina. Tropical desert areas are mainly distributed in the inland areas where the Tropics of Cancer pass and the west coast of the continent. The Sahara area in northern Africa is the most extensive.
32. Two climate types are formed on the east and west sides of the continent at 300 to 400 degrees north and south latitude. The east coast has a subtropical monsoon climate, and the west coast has a Mediterranean climate. The height of the sun is higher where the sun shines directly than where it shines obliquely.
33. The polar day phenomenon can be seen in the Arctic region. The sun never sets above the horizon, and the sun moves clockwise in the sky. Compared with winter and summer, the water heater installation on residential buildings should be flatter (flat or vertical) in summer.
34. Wind direction refers to the direction in which the wind is blowing (from). Compared with the east coast of the continent near the Tropics of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, the east coast of the continent has more precipitation. The physical quantity that represents the hot and cold conditions of the atmosphere is air temperature. Where isotherms are dense, the temperature difference is large; where isotherms are sparse, the temperature difference is small.
35. During the year, the temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is lowest in July and January on the continent; in August and February on the ocean. The opposite is true for the Southern Hemisphere. The annual temperature change is called the annual temperature change.
36. In March and September, the sun shines directly at the equator, and day and night are equal around the world. The place known as the "rainiest place in the world" is Cherrapunji. Two important indicators of climate are temperature and precipitation.
37. The earth rotates around its axis, and the direction of the earth’s rotation is from west to east. The direction of revolution is from west to east. The result of the rotation is the alternation of day and night on the earth's surface, and the result of the revolution is the change of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter and the change of the length of day and night on the earth's surface.
38. When the direct point of the sun moves from the southern hemisphere to the equator, the solar term of this day is the vernal equinox, and the date is around March 21. When the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, polar day occurs in the Arctic Circle. Subarctic coniferous forests are mainly distributed in Russia and Canada.
39. The earth’s axis has a fixed inclination angle of 66.5 degrees with the orbital plane. This is the regular movement of the direct sun point between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer within a year, which also causes the height of the sun to change regularly at noon in various places.
40. The windward slopes of mountains receive more precipitation, while the leeward slopes receive less precipitation. In temperate zones, coastal areas receive more precipitation than inland areas. Compared with the equator and the poles, the annual precipitation is more at the equator and less at the poles. The reason why the Asian monsoon climate is remarkable is that Eurasia is the continent of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is the ocean of the world.
41. Due to the huge land-sea difference between the Eurasian continent and the Pacific Ocean, a temperate monsoon climate is formed in the eastern part of the temperate zone of the Eurasian continent. The common language in most countries in Latin America is Spanish; in Brazil, Portuguese is used.
42. Write down several common weather symbols: blowing sand _____, strong sandstorm _____, hail _____, frost _____, heavy snow _____, moderate rain _____, sunny to cloudy ________ , light rain turning to heavy rain_________, thundershowers_____, warm front_______.
43. Subtropical evergreen sclerophyll forests are formed under Mediterranean climate conditions. This climate is characterized by hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. Summer in the Northern Hemisphere is June, July, and August, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere is March, April, and May. Their seasons are opposite.
44. From the perspective of global temperature distribution, compared with land and oceans at the same latitude: the temperature on land in summer is higher. In the diurnal variation of temperature, the lowest temperature occurs around sunrise and the temperature occurs at two o'clock after noon.
45. People often use sunny, rainy, high and low temperature, overcast, wind strength, etc. to describe the weather. The outstanding characteristics of weather phenomena are short time and rapid change. The climate is relatively stable (long time, little change). It is the religion with the most believers and the most widespread spread in the world. Magellan's fleet sailed around the world, passing through the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans in sequence.
46. Weather forecast is the release of the weather conditions that will occur, mainly including temperature, cloudy or sunny days, possibility of precipitation, precipitation intensity, wind strength and air visibility, etc.
Summary of seventh grade geography knowledge points
Chapter 2 Land and Ocean
Section 1 Continents and Oceans
1. Surface of the Earth 71 is ocean, while land only accounts for 29.
"Seven parts ocean, three parts land"
2. Land is mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, and oceans are mostly distributed in the southern hemisphere.
3. For any two equal-sized hemispheres of the Earth, the ocean area is greater than the land area.
4. The largest continent is Asia; the smallest continent is Oceania.
5. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean; the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean.
6. Greenland in North America is an island the size of.
7. The equator crosses the continents of Africa and South America.
8. The Panama Canal divides South America and North America; the Suez Canal divides Asia and Africa; the Bering Strait divides Asia and North America; the Denmark Strait divides Europe and North America; the dividing line between Asia and Europe is the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Great Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the Turkish Straits.
Section 2 Changes in Sea Routes
1. The main reasons for changes in sea routes: changes in the earth's crust, rise and fall of sea levels, and human activities (such as land reclamation).
2. The theory of continental drift was proposed by the German scientist Wegener.
3. The earth’s surface is made up of six major plates, and the plates are in constant motion.
4. The basic movement modes between plates: tension, stretching and collision and compression.
5. The crust at the plate junction is active, with many volcanoes and earthquakes.
6. Two major volcanic and seismic zones: the Pacific Rim zone and the Alps-Mediterranean-Himalayas zone.
7. The Red Sea between Asia and Africa is expanding. Some people predict that in tens of millions of years, the Red Sea will become a new ocean.
8. The Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Africa is shrinking. Some people predict that in tens of millions of years, the Mediterranean Sea will disappear.
9. The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate.
Chapter 3 Weather and Climate
Section 1 Changeable Weather
1. Characteristics of weather: short time and frequent changes.
2. People often use cloudy and sunny, windy and rainy, hot and cold, etc. to describe the weather.
3. When the sky is full of clouds, it is a "cloudy day"; when there are no clouds or very few clouds, it is a "sunny day".
4. Wind direction is the direction of the wind; wind force is the strength of the wind, which is divided into 13 levels. The larger the level, the stronger the wind.
5. Precipitation probability indicates the possibility of precipitation.
6. On the satellite cloud map: green represents land; blue represents ocean; white represents cloud area. The whiter the color of the cloud, the thicker the cloud layer. Places with thick cloud layer are generally rainy areas.
7. Fresh air has a low pollution index; dirty air has a high pollution index.
Section 2 Temperature and Temperature Distribution
1. Annual temperature range: the difference between the monthly average temperature and the lowest monthly average temperature within a year.
2. Ability to draw temperature curves.
3. On the same isotherm line, the temperature at each point is equal.
4. Temperature distribution: (1) Regions at different latitudes: high temperatures at low latitudes and low temperatures at high latitudes;
(2) Regions at the same latitude: high temperatures on land and in the ocean in summer The temperature is low; in winter, the land temperature is low and the ocean temperature is high;
(3) Mountainous areas: The temperature decreases with increasing altitude. For every 100 meters of altitude increase, the temperature drops by about 0.60C.
5. The world's annual average temperature distribution: from the equator to the poles, the temperature gradually decreases.
6. Factors affecting temperature distribution: latitude, land and sea location, terrain, etc.
Section 3 Precipitation and Precipitation Distribution
1. Rain, snow, hail, etc. falling in the atmosphere are collectively called precipitation.
2. The main form of precipitation is rainfall. The basic instrument for measuring precipitation is the rain gauge.
3. Ability to draw precipitation histograms.
4. Precipitation distribution: A. There is more precipitation near the equator and less precipitation in the polar regions;
B. In temperate regions, there is more precipitation along the continental coast and less precipitation in the interior.
5. Factors affecting precipitation distribution: latitude, land and sea location, topography, etc.
Section 4 The Climate of the World
1. Climate is the average weather conditions in a place for many years; its characteristics: long time and little change.
2. Characteristics of several climate types: A. Tropical grassland climate: lush vegetation in the wet season, and dry and yellow plateaus in the dry season;
B. Tropical rainforest climate: high temperature and rain all year round; C. Temperate monsoon climate: high temperature and rain in summer, cold and dry winter;
D. Tropical desert climate: high temperature and little rain all year round; E. Mediterranean climate: high temperature and little rain in summer, mild and rainy winter.
3. The main factors affecting climate: latitude, sea and land location, terrain, etc.
4. Rice can be harvested three times a year in the tropical zone; twice a year in the temperate zone; and only once a year in the temperate zone.
Chapter 4 Residents and Settlements
1. Natural growth rate = birth rate – death rate. If the natural growth rate is greater than 0, it means that the population is increasing; if it is less than 0, it means that the population is decreasing; if it is equal to 0, it means that the population is neither increasing nor decreasing.
2. Population density: refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer. Population density = total population ÷ total area.
3. Densely populated areas: mid- and low-latitude coastal plains such as southeastern Asia, western Europe, and southeastern North America.
4. Sparsely populated areas: extremely arid desert areas, rainforest areas with an overly humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all year round, and high plateaus and mountainous areas.
5. Population growth must be compatible with social and economic development, and coordinated with the environment and resources.
6. Problems caused by too small a population: aging population, labor shortage, insufficient resources for national defense, etc.
7. White people: mainly distributed in Europe; yellow people: mainly distributed in Asia; black people: mainly distributed in Africa.
8. Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world; English is the most widely spoken language in the world.
9. Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, etc. are the major languages ??in the world and the working languages ??of the United Nations.
10. Christianity is the religion with the largest number of believers in the world. It was formed in western Asia, and its representative building is the church.
11. Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula. It is also called Islam or Islam in China. Its followers are called Muslims, and its representative building is the mosque.
12. Buddhism was founded in India and is now mainly distributed in eastern and southeastern Asia. Its representative buildings are Buddhist halls.
13. Rural areas and cities are collectively called settlements. There were rural settlements first, and then there were urban settlements.
14. Elevated houses in Southeast Asia; houses in West Asia with thick walls and small windows; Inuit igloos in the Arctic; cave dwellings on the Loess Plateau; Dai bamboo houses in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.
Chapter 5 Development and Cooperation
1. In terms of land area, Russia is 17.07 million KM2, Canada is 9.97 million KM2, China is 9.6 million KM2, the United States is 9.37 million KM2, and Brazil is 8.54 million KM2 KM2, Australia 7.69 million KM2.
2. According to differences in economic development levels, countries in the world are divided into developed countries and developing countries.
3. Developed countries are mainly located in Europe, North America and Oceania.
4. Developing countries are mainly located in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
5. North-South dialogue: political and economic discussions between developing and developed countries.
6. South-South cooperation: mutual assistance and cooperation among developing countries.
7. The United Nations is the world’s international organization, and its basic purpose is to “promote national development and maintain world peace.”
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