(1) Compared with spinach mesophyll cells, the main difference is that yeast does not have chloroplasts. Compared with cyanobacteria (prokaryotic cells), yeasts (eukaryotic cells) have a nucleus (formed nucleus) surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

(2) There are both DNA and RNA in the nucleus and mitochondria; ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein; the cytoplasmic matrix contains transfer RNA.

(3) Mitochondria are the site of the second and third stages of aerobic respiration. Glucose must be decomposed into pyruvate in the cytoplasmic matrix before it can enter the mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondria cannot directly utilize glucose and perform aerobic respiration. The second stage is the reaction of pyruvate and water to produce carbon dioxide and [H].

(4) ①According to the purpose and principle of the experiment: to explore whether yeast performs anaerobic respiration, so there is no need to introduce air, only to discharge gas to the outside world, so choose d experimental device, Control experiments allow yeast to perform aerobic respiration, which requires the introduction of air. Select the device a. ②To test whether alcohol is produced during the experiment, you can proceed according to the experimental principle: take 2 ml of the solution from d and a respectively and add it to two test tubes A and B, and then add an appropriate amount of the same amount of dissolved potassium dichromate to A and B respectively. Concentrated sulfuric acid solution, after shaking, observe the change in color of the solution.

So the answer is:

(1) There is no chloroplast with a nuclear membrane-coated nucleus (formed nucleus)

(2)②④⑥⑧

(3)⑥

(4)①da

② Take 2 mL of solution from d and a and add it to test tubes A and B respectively. Then add an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid solution dissolved in potassium dichromate to A and B respectively. After shaking, observe the change in color of the solution