61. viral hepatitis patients dietary principles?
Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis virus. Its dietary principles are:
(1) the use of moderate calorie diet, not too high, generally adults are given 7531 a 9204 dry joules (1800 a 2200 kcal) calories per day is appropriate. Obese patients should be adjusted according to body weight, fever and the severity of the disease, in order to prevent the recovery of liver function and the occurrence of fatty liver.
(2) Generally speaking, it is recommended to supply high protein, low fat and moderate carbohydrate diet, which accounts for 17%, 22% and 61% of the total calories respectively.
(3) A rich multivitamin diet should be supplied, supplemented with vitamin preparations if necessary.
(4) Reasonable processing and cooking should be done to improve the color, aroma and shape of the food to promote the patient's appetite and make it easy to digest and absorb. The total amount of salt in a day should not exceed 10 grams.
(5) Eat small meals, 4-5 meals per day.
(6) Avoid frying food, too greasy food and strongly stimulating condiments such as chili peppers and peppers. Drinking alcohol is prohibited.
62. What is the role of dietary therapy in the treatment of liver disease?
(1) Food is the material basis of human life activities, should be based on their own disease, nutritional status of the choice of supplemental food, extremely more important.
(2) Food therapy can improve the function of the body's organs, a variety of food will play a role in some organs of the body.
(3) proper diet can maintain physiological balance, rice, noodles, meat, eggs are mostly acidic food, vegetables and fruits to alkaline, proper regulation is conducive to the body's metabolic acid-base balance.
(4) Adjust the body with food with disease. Suffer from liver disease and hypertension, arteriosclerosis, obese people should eat less animal fat. Eating meat to fish, shrimp, lean meat is appropriate; plain weak spleen and stomach eat more lentils and soy products, can warm the spleen, in addition to dampness and heat, and rich in protein, can regulate and enhance the function of the digestive system.
63. What is the daily diet of patients with liver disease?
Table 7 Common dietary combinations for liver disease patients in 1 day
Calculated by 7531-9204 kJ (1800-2200 kcal)
Category Measurement Examples of food products Main functions Remarks
Eggs 60g a 70g Eggs, quail eggs Supplementation of good essential amino acids No more than 2 eggs
Milk or milk products 400ml to 500ml Low-fat milk, skimmed milk powder, yoghurt, cottage cheese Rich in calcium, vitamin A and B2 Daily
Lean meat 70g to 80g Beef, lamb, pig, chicken,
Free Meat without skin and bones Contains a lot of high-quality protein Proteins account for
16% to 25%
Fish or shellfish 70g to 90g Flat fish, Yellow croaker, shrimp, silverfish, cuttlefish, mackerel, carp, crucian carp, scallop, clams, snails, etc. Containing calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins A, B1, B2, etc. Containing 0.3%-11% fat
Legumes or bean products Tofu 159 grams 200 grams Soybeans, cowpeas, beans, adzuki beans, fava beans, etc., dried beans, bean curd, bean threads, oil tofu, gluten, bean curd brain, etc. Containing plant-based proteins with unsaturated fatty acids. Help lower cholesterol Daily must eat
light-colored vegetables combined 350 to 400 grams onions, cauliflower, beans
sprouts, cabbage, white Vitamins, minerals
microelements, fiber
and so are very rich Some of the fresh vegetables can be eaten raw after disinfection, string beans, lentils should be
boiled and eaten
Dark green vegetables spinach, string beans, lentils,
Rapeseed, cauliflower, cabbage, peppers, garlic scapes, celery, leeks
Seaweeds and mushrooms kelp (kelp), seaweed, seaweed, mushrooms, deer's tail cabbage, black fungus, white fungus, monkey
heads, etc.
Potato 100 grams of 120 grams of potatoes, yams, taro
Heads of potato, potato, yam, taro
, potato, taro and other vegetables are all rich.
Heads, sweet potatoes
Calcium, phosphorus and vitamins
B1, C, etc. are available, plus
More stable after the heat It is not advisable to eat too much
Fruits 400 grams - 450 grams
Grapes, citrus, apples, duck pears, peaches, strawberries, pineapple, chanterelles
Lychee
Contains vitamin C, potassium
and a lot of fiber
It is best to eat fresh
Cereals
Rice 450 grams
Bread 60 grams
Rice, embryonic rice, millet
millet, cornmeal, pasta, flour, sesame seeds, etc. Staples for life
Provides calories and vitamins <
Vitamin B should be eaten at regular intervals
Sugar 20g granulated sugar, honey, maltose, take its sugar, use its sweetness
Oil and fat 20g to 30g soybean oil, peanut oil, vegetable oil, butter, salad oil, sesame oil, to promote the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Should not be used by those who have more than the normal body weight
Pastime
Hobby products
Moderate amount of cake, cookies, chocolate, melon seeds, walnuts, peanuts, a variety of beverages to increase the enjoyment of life or to follow the doctor's advice to eat regularly at each meal
Note: Daily recipes can be based on the above types of food and its target measurement combinations, refer to the material of the food example of conditioning. Emphasize the protein, vitamins, trace elements should be more than the normal intake of a little. Conditioning methods should pay attention to cooking techniques and control the amount of animal fat.
64. What should be noted in the diet of patients with post hepatitis liver cirrhosis?
(1) pasta-based: to meet the daily sugar amount of about 400 grams. Excessive use of sugar prone to obesity, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. So increase sugar diet should be cautious.
(2)Protein food is less and more refined: 60 grams of efficient protein per day can meet the needs. Can alternate between fish, lean meat, eggs, dairy, soy products and other high-quality protein. Advanced liver cirrhosis should not exceed 20 grams of protein. Because of liver cirrhosis people liver processing protein function is reduced, do not aggravate the burden on the liver is appropriate.
(3) adequate supply of fresh vegetables and fruits: 700 grams a day, 900 grams is appropriate to achieve a rich vitamin and mineral trace elements as well.
(4) Limit the intake of fats and oils: no more than 20 grams per day, too much is to make the liver function weakened liver cells too late to break down the processing, causing fatty liver and aggravate the burden on the liver.
(5) Limit water, salt: liver cirrhosis ascites or edema, to control water and sodium salt intake. But long term term salt or salt-free soy sauce, and easy to cause low sodium and high potassium syndrome. So the positive approach is to try to improve the patient's appetite and digestive ability, often with less salt sugar and vinegar small dishes to accompany the drink, and at the same time to ensure that the absorption and utilization of protein, in order to improve the osmotic pressure in the plasma, to fundamentally eliminate edema.
(6) Prohibition of tobacco and alcohol: tobacco and alcohol are damaging to liver cells and should be contraindicated.
65. How to choose nutritional tonic food for patients with liver disease?
Patients with liver disease are mostly damp-heat stagnation and other evidence, generally contraindicated, but there is a weak spleen and stomach, liver and kidney yin deficiency, a small number of prolonged hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis can be appropriate selection of nourishing the spleen and nourishing the liver products, but should pay attention to;
(1) selection of nourishing the spleen and nourishing the liver and anti-aging products, to the real product and have the approval number, the pharmaceutical company, the key to the factory's product, to prevent the misuse of the purchase, should be necessary under the guidance of the doctor as appropriate.
(2) Natural nutritious food is better, such as sea buckthorn, prickly pear and honeysuckle which are rich in trace elements and vitamins.
66. What kind of food do hepatitis patients eat to supplement vitamins?
Vitamin A-containing foods, such as drinking milk, eat more egg yolks, animal liver, carrots, leeks, cabbage, cabbage, amaranth, spinach, green garlic, sunflower and so on.
Foods containing vitamin Bl, such as whole grains, bean sprouts, peas, peanuts, fresh vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin B2-rich foods such as millet, soybeans, yeast, bean paste, green leafy vegetables, animal meats, liver, eggs, and dairy should be eaten more often.
Vitamin B6-rich foods beans, fresh vegetables, animal liver, cashews, lean meat and yeast to eat more.
Vitamin C-rich foods fresh vegetables, fruits, especially persimmon peppers, green garlic, garlic shoots, greens, wild amaranth, santalum, etc., should be eaten more.
Since juice secretion is impaired when suffering from liver disease, the absorption of vitamin K has a certain effect (especially K1, K2), so it should be supplied with more spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, peanut oil and other vitamin K-rich foods.
Although eating more of the above foods can ensure adequate intake of vitamins, liver disease can affect the absorption and metabolism of a variety of vitamins, so the clinic should be closely observed, and if necessary, can be supplemented with vitamin preparations.
67. What is a balanced diet?
A rational diet based on the nutritional value of various types of food is the key to good nutrition. There is an appropriate amount of protein, sufficient inorganic salts, rich in vitamins, the right amount of food fiber, adequate water and other six requirements, can be called a reasonably balanced diet.
(1) food food: daily intake of food, should be compatible with the caloric needs, in line with the requirements of labor intensity, in addition, because the nutritional composition of various food is not identical, so should be coarse and fine food with a variety of food mix.
(2) protein food; including a variety of lean meat (such as chicken, duck, fish, meat and other animal food), eggs, dairy, soybean products. Requirements for daily protein food, animal best to reach the total protein amount of 1 / 3, can not meet, available soybean or soybean products instead of a portion of animal protein food.
(3) vegetables and fruits: it is the main source of inorganic salts, vitamins, fiber and so on. Adults are best able to eat 400 a 500 grams of vegetables per day, 100 a 200 grams of fruit. As different varieties of vegetables contain nutrients vary greatly, so the daily diet to eat several kinds of vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables to eat more, at the same time, should also often eat some yellow and orange-red vegetables.
(4) Cooking fat: Dietary fat, part of the food itself; another part from the cooking oil. In recent years it has been recognized that less animal fat should be used for frying, and vegetable oil is advocated, while the total amount of fat in the diet should not be excessive.
68. What should be the diet of the "Aussie" positive people?
Often referred to as "AOI" positive people, in fact, for hepatitis B surface antigen (HB-sAg) positive and asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers. Their dietary principles are basically the same as the normal diet of healthy people, and should not be too restrictive, as long as attention is paid to giving a balanced diet, and the capacity of nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) should not be excessive or deficient. Insufficient calories will increase the consumption of protein, which is conducive to the regeneration and repair of liver cells; too much is prone to the formation of fatty liver, so the total daily calories should be 8,368 a 10,046 kilojoules (2,000 a 2,400 kilocalories) is appropriate. To fully supply food rich in many kinds of vitamins, use more fresh vegetables and fruits and choose easy-to-digest food. Eat less oil, frying and spicy foods such as chili peppers and curry, and avoid alcohol and tobacco.
69. How to supplement protein food for viral hepatitis patients?
People need about 70 grams of protein per day to maintain light labor, and 90 to 100 grams of protein per day for liver disease patients to promote liver cell regeneration and repair. To viral hepatitis patients should pay attention to the following points:
(1) lean meat protein content of only 16% a 25%. Lean beef has 20 percent protein, while chicken has 25 percent protein. Assuming you eat 100 grams of beef, you will only get 20 grams of protein.
(2) animal and plant proteins should be half and half. The human body has 8 kinds of essential amino acids can not manufacture their own, must be supplied by the food, the intake of appropriate amount of plant protein can inhibit the amount of animal fat, reduce the impact on atherosclerosis, to ensure that the essential amino acids are fully absorbed and utilized.
(3) Excess protein is the basis for fat gain and fat storage in the form of fat. Excess protein instead of increasing the burden on the liver, thus converting it into fat storage, and can lead to obesity and even fatty liver. Therefore, for patients with liver disease, 1 week of protein into 7 equal portions, eat equal portions daily, will be a both economical and reasonable nutritional allocation.
(4) A balanced diet is important. In the balance of the diet daily must also pay attention to supplement the vitamins, trace elements rich in vegetables, fruits, grains and cereals, especially green vegetables, seaweeds, mushrooms, should be mixed and matched, in order to facilitate the recovery of liver disease.
(5) Patients with severe hepatitis or hepatic cirrhosis with hepatic coma tendency should eat less or even forbid protein. The supply of protein after recovery from hepatic coma should also start from a low amount. Clinically, it is not uncommon for hepatic coma to be induced in patients with liver disease by eating 1 more egg. In such cases, the diet should be completely at the disposal of the doctor.
70. What are the foods that patients with liver disease can eat but should not eat more of?
Chocolate, glucose, fruit candies and all kinds of sweets should not be eaten more than once in a day. For example, a small amount of melon seeds after each meal can help digestion, but sunflower seeds contain unsaturated fatty acids, eat more will consume a large amount of choline in the body, affecting the function of liver cells. MSG is a good flavor, but should not exceed 6 grams per person per day, overdose. Make the blood level of monosodium glutamate increased, can appear transient headache, panic and even nausea and other symptoms.
Instant noodles, sausages and canned food often contain food coloring and preservatives that are not good for the human body. Frequent consumption will increase the burden of liver metabolism and detoxification function.
71. What should be paid attention to in the dietary regimen of patients with severe hepatitis?
(1) Foods rich in many vitamins, especially vitamin C, should be supplied to facilitate detoxification. In a low protein diet, there is often a lack of calcium, iron and other inorganic salts and vitamins B2, K, so in addition to dietary supply, can also be used to make up for the vitamin preparations.
(2) The supply of water and salt should be based on the presence or absence of ascites and edema. If accompanied by ascites or edema, should be given a low-salt or no-salt diet, and need to limit the fluid, this time can be used in the plan of fruit juice instead of drinking water.
(3) The role of trace elements is increasingly recognized. Studies have shown that the reduced levels of zinc and copper in the brain in hepatic failure may be one of the main causes of hepatic coma; therefore, zinc and copper should not be supplied in dietary therapy in amounts less than the standard supply of 15 mg and 3 mg per day, respectively.
(4) Attention should be paid to the amount of food and drink, which can be in small quantities with multiple meals. In the precursor period of coma, it is advisable to use the low protein, low fat, low salt, moderate carbohydrate less residue semi-fluid diet or fluid diet which is very easy to digest; those who have been comatose can be fed with nasal fluids.
72. What should be noted in the diet of children with liver disease?
Children with liver disease, due to physiological changes and clinical characteristics, such as gastrointestinal digestive disorders, impaired renal function, etc., so the food supplied should be soft and easy to digest, and without severe irritation. Diet should be low in salt, not more than 3 grams of salt a day. In addition, it is forbidden to use meat with high fat content and fried food; it is not suitable to eat coarse grains and food that is easy to be bloated; it is avoided to eat vegetables containing more fiber, such as celery, leeks, etc. and more acidic fruits, such as lemon and immature fruits, etc.; when cooking, it is not possible to use curry, chili pepper, mustard and other strong stimulating condiments.
Generally advocate eating more lean meat containing less fat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy, soy products, and less fiber content of vegetables, such as cucumbers, young oil Lai, fruits such as ripe apples, oranges, etc., and some of the harder fruits can be boiled, boiled soft to eat.
High-vitamin dietary supply fails to meet the requirements. Can eat more fruits on the basis of another vitamin preparations to make up for. 73. Elderly patients with hepatitis dietary principles
(1) supply a sufficient amount of protein: experiments have proved that the elderly hepatitis digestion and absorption function is weakened, the utilization of protein is not as good as young adults, so its supply should be higher than the normal adult, the daily supply of protein per kilogram of body weight standard for 1.5-1.2 grams. To eat more milk, skim milk products, fish and shrimp, lean meat, and boiled soybean and its products. Do not eat raw eggs, dry fried whole soybeans or fried beans, eat less or do not eat indigestible fried hard foods. Such as sardines, kidneys, liver, and thick broths. It can be used to soak meat containing much cuttlebone alkali, etc. in cool water for 2 hours before cooking.
(2) give low-fat diet: the calories produced by fat to account for about 25% of the total calories is appropriate. In particular, animal fats should not be too much, and more vegetable oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids should be consumed, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, etc., which is good for reducing the metabolic load on the liver and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the daily fat supply should not exceed 60 grams.
(3) supply easy to digest, light food: elderly patients with hepatitis is often due to tooth loss, so that the chewing function is affected, the digestive function is weakened, so it should be more use of burning, stir-frying, steaming, boiling, stewing and other cooking methods, prohibit the use of strong stimulating condiments and strong alcohol.
(4) Diet should be regular: three meals a day, each meal with meat and vegetables, or grain, beans, vegetables mixed to maintain a balanced diet. Some elderly patients with hepatitis have poor digestive function, loss of appetite, can also be a small number of meals, such as five meals a day, and the use of semi-liquid diet. If conditions permit, 150 a 200 grams of fruit can be supplied daily. Vitamins in the dietary supply is insufficient, can be supplemented with vitamin preparations.
(5) Adequate supply of water: supply adequate water through drinking water, soup, etc., generally 1500-1000 milliliters per day.
74. Patients with liver disease must eat less greasy fried products?
Patients with liver disease often have dampness and heat, and greasy fried products is to move the fire. From the Chinese medicine point of view, fatty food more greasy, is the fear of the spleen and stomach, light can make the liver disease patients intestinal damage, diarrhea; heavy can cause phlegm heat congestion, help fire phlegm, phlegm and wet for the problem, thus forming the nucleus, rock, fungus, accumulations, and so on. According to the viewpoint of modern medicine, patients with liver disease eat more greasy fried and other high-fat food, can cause weakened digestive function, easy to cause malabsorption steatorrhea; in addition, excess fat deposition in the liver, then the formation of fatty liver, can lead to liver function is not healed.
75. Shouldn't you overeat after a liver disease?
A male patient in an acute hepatic coma for 7 days and 7 nights, after the rescue and awakening, he felt particularly hungry and asked to eat pork dumplings. And the doctor pointed out that can not be rushed, it is advisable to start with a liquid food, such as chicken soup, broth. But the family stole the night to send a large bowl of meat dumplings, the patient wolfed down, ate a leftover. The next day the patient began to abdominal distension, soon deteriorated, ascites, and finally died of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Ancient saying: "the middle fullness is not eliminated, and the spleen and stomach are greatly injured!" Coma just woke up, gastric fluid, bile, pancreatic fluid secretion disorder, the liver large necrosis repair still need some time and conditions. And in order to meet the patient's momentary requirements, let the patient after a long time of hunger overeating, overfeeding, suddenly to the digestive tract and liver to increase the unbearable burden, and finally the opposite of what was intended, regret.
76. Why is alcohol forbidden for patients with liver disease?
Alcohol is a drug for the liver. After drinking alcohol, about 90% to alcohol (ethanol) in the liver metabolism, liver cells of the cytoplasmic ethanol dehydrogenase catalyze ethanol and generate acetaldehyde. Ethanol, acetaldehyde have a direct stimulus to damage the toxic effect of liver cells, can make the liver cell degeneration, necrosis. A large number of drinkers often have dietary deficiencies, vomiting and other symptoms of acute alcohol poisoning; longer-term alcoholics, ethanol, acetaldehyde toxicity often affects the normal metabolism of the liver on proteins, carbohydrates, fats and its detoxification function, resulting in serious liver injury and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The latter manifests as loss of luster of the liver, moderate and severe steatosis in the liver, visible ethanol hyaline vesicles, neutrophil infiltration around necrotic hepatocytes, central collapse of the hepatic lobules and fibrosis.
Literature reports: acute hepatitis latent period of patients due to large amounts of alcohol can suddenly occur acute hepatic necrosis, chronic hepatitis, a sudden one-time large amount of alcohol can cause hepatitis activity, stimulate jaundice, long-term "AOI" positive long-term alcohol consumption is easy to lead to hepatic cirrhosis and promote hepatic cirrhosis of the loss of compensation. It may also promote liver cancer and shorten life span. Hepatitis patients, liver function has been damaged, a variety of ethanol metabolism enzyme activity is reduced, the liver detoxification function is reduced, even if a small amount of alcohol, but also harmful. So patients with liver disease, banning alcohol is the basic requirements of self-conditioning.
77. How to use tea therapy for patients with liver disease?
The Compendium of Materia Medica records that "tea makes people think better, less sleepy, light body, eyesight" and "facilitates urination and removes fever".
Heat liver disease or damp-heat and heavy heat-oriented, tea can be used to remove the annoyance of thirst, greasy and clear the mind.
Thirsty drinkers with liver disease in the morning, green tea (or flower tea) l cup, adding water to drink. Morning tea concentration is higher, so that the spirit of refreshment, and gradually become white water in the afternoon, in order to avoid causing insomnia and polyuria in the evening, etc..
Drinking tea should pay attention to the right time, the right amount. Generally 1 hour before the meal should suspend the tea, because this time to drink tea dilute stomach acid, weakening the digestion and absorption of the meal. Tea on an empty stomach should drink less tea, tea should not be too strong, the total amount of tea throughout the day should not be more than 1,000 to 1,500 milliliters. After each meal with warm water rinse mouth, is conducive to keeping the mouth clean, protect the teeth, but also can prevent or reduce the occurrence of periodontitis and mouth ulcers.
Experimentally proved, green tea has anticoagulation, prevent platelet adhesion aggregation and reduce the decline in white blood cells and other blood stasis effect. For chronic hepatitis with five heart heat, dry mouth and bitter, red gums bleeding blood stasis blood heat type patients, green tea has an auxiliary therapeutic effect.
78. Hepatitis patients drink milk
Milk has a high nutritional value, nutrition experts believe that patients with liver disease should drink 2 cups of milk a day. However, some people drink milk on diarrhea and bloating, the reason for this is the improper method of consumption. They often drink milk in large mouths, a large amount of milk quickly into the stomach, immediately in contact with gastric acid, the formation of an acidic protein-fat lumps, not only is not easy to absorb, on the liver disease gastrointestinal weakness will also cause diarrhea and abnormal fermentation. So some doctors advise their patients to drink milk in chewing form or to taste it with a spoon in small bites. Because the saliva in the mouth and the milk mixed can assist in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the milk.
In addition, drinking milk should not add more sugar. Because sucrose is broken down into acid in the body, can be neutralized with the calcium in the milk, not only to cut its nutritional value, but also to promote cellular fermentation gas, which leads to bloating.
The drinking method of light milk with soda crackers can also be used. Milk and soda crackers together in the mouth with teeth chewing, slowly stirred with saliva, small mouth, small mouth swallowing, can ensure maximum digestion and absorption of milk.