1 Plants are more loyal to the earth than animals. Once they stick their roots in the soil, they will not move. But they generally don't let their offspring stick here, but try their best to spread the seeds.

All the genetic information that plants need for reproduction and land expansion is contained in seeds. There are many ways for plants to spread their seeds: some will fly in the wind; Some will go with the flow; Some have hooks and thorns, and they will hitch a ride through animals around them; Some are sweet and sweet, so that foodies can't take care of themselves and take them to a distant place; Some can fly in the air; Some even use missiles to launch.

Only recently did I know that there is a kind of seed with wings, called Elaeagnus mollis, which I am familiar with.

There are many elms in my hometown, but they are not common in the south. One day in spring, I went to the ecological garden to shoot plum blossoms, but most of the flowers were defeated, which was a pity. It rained lightly for many days, and the plum blossom must be blooming lonely. Finally, it didn't wait for people, and the petals fell to the ground. I wandered around slowly, and saw a lot of elm money hanging on the branches of a elm tree at the north gate of the bonsai garden. I took a picture and the effect was excellent. The seeds are wrapped inside, and when viewed against the light, they have clear veins, like tiny blood vessels, and the red seeds are placed in them like fetuses.

Ulmus pumila and Ulmus pumila belong to the same genus, also called Ulmus pumila. After I know that Yucaier is a samara, I look at two pieces of fruit that are standing on the branches. It seems that they are really standing on the branches like birds, just waiting for a gust of wind to come, leaping together and flying away. The wind is soft in the south, and they are still waiting for the opportunity.

There are also works of art in plants, and you can smell the artistic atmosphere if you smell it carefully. I think of the samara of Qingfeng, which was pale pink when it was first produced, and dried up in late autumn. It's spring. Where are they? After some searching, I really found the samara that lingered on the branches. They usually appear in pairs, more like wings, and surprise me.

When the wind blows, with such thin wings, they will certainly be able to compete in the air. I know that this is a way for them to reproduce, a strategy for occupying territory, and a skill that has evolved through competition for millions of years. They live conscientiously and evolve meticulously.

What is even more wonderful is the winged gourd, which grows in Borneo in the middle of Malay archipelago in Southeast Asia. The fruit of this plant is as big as a football. When it matures, the fruit will crack. Whenever the wind blows, the airflow will bring some seeds out. Each seed has a paper-like wing, just like a natural glider. The wing is 13 cm long, which helps the seed fly. When I first saw the seeds of winged gourd flying lightly in the forest on TV, my eyes were filled with tears.

Some scientists have carried out aerodynamic analysis on them, and the results are surprising: the seeds have what flight experts call the dihedral structure of the wings, and the front end of the seeds is slightly higher than the tail, which can ensure the stability of flight. The tail edge of the seed is tilted upward, so that the seed will rise when it meets the airflow and can fly again after hitting the obstacle.

10 an expert who studies the history of human flight said that Igor Richie made a tailless glider in the shape of a winged gourd out of bamboo and canvas in 1904, and its improved version made the first real flight of a manned plane. It seems that human flying instruments not only copy the wings of birds and insects, but also may have been taught by winged gourds at the earliest.

1 1 I think, in order to travel and survive, the experience of seeds will definitely not be as fairy tale as we imagined. There must be blood and even killing in it, but it has been ignored by careless humans. When they fought in the south and rushed to the right for survival, the human fetus was still asleep in the mother's body and didn't know what was happening in the outside world. When we slowly discover these works of art of animals and plants, we often say that God takes pains to create one surprise after another for us.

The article is taken from Wen Yuan's Classic Beauty 20 17, 03.

1. There are many ways for plants to spread seeds mentioned in the second paragraph of the article. Please choose two of them and illustrate them with examples. (2 points)

2. The underlined sentence in the penultimate paragraph of the article uses that kind of explanation method, and what is its function. (3 points)

3. The article uses rhetoric, trying to find a place to analyze and explain. (3 points)

After reading the last paragraph of the article, please use your imagination to write a paragraph describing the process that seeds go through in order to survive and travel. (3 points)

Answer:

1. Dandelion seeds will fly in the wind and take root wherever they fall; The seeds of Xanthium sibiricum have thorns, which will attach to passing animals and regrow; Rapeseed is spread by ejection. When the fruit is ripe, the shell will burst suddenly, and at the same time, the seed will be ejected to achieve the effect of spread?

2. give an example. Examples are given to illustrate that the seeds of winged gourd can fly stably in the air, and can fly again even if encountering obstacles. The improved version of human plane imitates the structural principle of winged gourd seeds and can fly successfully.

3. For example, the last sentence of paragraph 7? They live conscientiously and evolve meticulously. ? The personification rhetoric is used here. Conscientious? And? Meticulous? Two words are used to describe the continuous evolution and survival of plant seeds in order to better adapt to the natural environment, which vividly describes the author's love for them.

4. The answer is short, just use your imagination around the keywords.

How risky is it to head the ball? Gu Fan and read the attached answer.

What is the risk of heading the ball, Gu Fan and

Football, like other sports, may do harm to players if scientific training is not paid attention to. In our country, because the popularity of football is not high, this problem is not prominent, but in some big football countries, people have conducted a series of studies on this issue and even issued corresponding laws accordingly.

② One of the biggest risks in football is concussion. Its symptoms are memory loss, dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, stars, tinnitus, inattention and even loss of consciousness.

③ There may be only one or more of the above symptoms, and the duration varies from several minutes to several days. Most of these symptoms are only known to patients themselves. If they don't talk, parents and coaches may not notice them at all. However, many athletes have related symptoms without knowing it. They mistakenly think that only losing consciousness is a concussion.

4 The brain belongs to the human body? Command? At the same time, it is a very delicate organ. The brain is protected by a solid skull, and the outer surface of the brain is also wrapped with three layers of meninges, among which cerebrospinal fluid is filled between a layer of pia mater that is close to the surface of brain tissue and the meninges above it, which makes the brain like egg yolk suspended in egg white, which can reduce the impact of the outside world. Nevertheless, if the head is impacted excessively, although the skull is not broken, the brain will be damaged due to inertial movement and collision with the skull wall, and even cause cerebral hemorrhage or edema. Although the risk of heading the ball once is not as great as that of several situations that may cause concussion, the consequences of frequent heading can not be ignored.

⑤ Researchers from Einstein College of Medicine in new york, USA recruited 34 adult volunteers, who played football since childhood and participated in team competitions. The researchers sent them a questionnaire asking them to answer how many times they hit the ball with their heads in the past year and whether they had any symptoms of concussion. Then, the researchers tested the players' memory and other cognitive functions, and scanned their brains to find out whether there were structural changes in their brains.

⑥ The results show that those players who used the head ball more than 1 100 times in the past 12 months have obvious losses in the white matter in the brain and the parts related to memory, attention and visual information processing (that is, the circuits that specially transmit signals in the brain) compared with those players who don't use the head ball frequently. This is very similar to the situation after a severe concussion. In addition, give them a memory test, for example, show them a glossary and ask them to recall which words they have heard. Those players who head the ball more than 1 100 times in a year also perform much worse than those who don't head the ball often. It seems that it can be concluded from this study that there is a real risk of brain damage by using the head ball frequently.

⑦ Another group of researchers in the United States also investigated 5 1 male and female football players in universities. Most of these athletes use the head ball in the semester, and by the end of the semester, their visual memory performance is worse than that at the beginning of the semester. In addition, these athletes report going too far more than other athletes.

Pain and dizziness.

Today, there is still debate about the possibility of the risk of concussion caused by the head ball. Some people think that the head ball is not the main cause of concussion, and it is more dangerous for athletes to collide with their heads or with the ground. However, when players head the ball, they often accidentally collide with other players' heads. In any case, these factors may cause concussion, or damage the player's cognition through long-term effects, which needs strict prevention.

12. One of the following statements is () (3 points)

A. The concussion caused by heading ball has not been taken seriously, mainly because athletes, their parents and coaches have a one-sided understanding of it.

B. In the underlined sentence in paragraph 2? One? Accurately shows that there are many risks in football, and concussion is just one of them.

C. This paper first introduces the symptoms of concussion from the risk of football, then reveals the causes of concussion from the perspective of brain structure, then proves the harm of heading ball with scientific research, and finally summarizes the full text to show the correct attitude.

D. Although the possibility of the risk of concussion caused by the head ball has not been determined, the author still thinks that strict precautions should be taken.

13. One of the following incorrect understandings of paragraph ⑤ ⑥ is () (3 points)

A. Did the study of Einstein College of Medicine in new york, USA come to the conclusion? Is there a real risk of brain damage by using the head ball frequently? The conclusion.

B from the research object, the volunteers in paragraph ⑤ ⑤ spend more time heading the ball than the football players in paragraph ⑤, so the research conclusion is more scientific and reliable.

C. The investigation and study in paragraph ⑦ not only has the longitudinal comparison of the research object before and after, but also compares the research object with other athletes, so the research is credible.

D. These two research methods in the United States are not the same, but they both prove the harm of often using the head ball.

14. According to the content of the article, please give at least two suggestions to students who are crazy about football. (4 points)

Answer:

12. A (the original text is only that athletes do not have a comprehensive understanding. )

13. B (the original text did not mean this)

14. First, the number of times of heading the ball must be limited, not exceeding 1 100 times per year;

Second, we must pay attention to whether there are headaches and dizziness after playing football every time, and if there are, we must see a doctor in time.