1, it is best to choose the seeds harvested that year. The longer the seeds are kept, the lower the germination rate.
2. Choose seeds with full grains and no deformity or deformity.
3. Choose seeds without pests and diseases.
Accelerating germination: soak the seeds in warm water (the temperature is similar to that of face washing water) 12 ~ 24 hours until the seeds absorb water and swell. For common seeds that germinate easily, this work can be omitted.
Sowing: For tiny seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other tools, soak one end of a toothpick with water, stick the seeds on the surface of the substrate one by one, cover the substrate with a thickness of 1cm, and then put the planted flowerpot into water, the depth of which is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the height of the flowerpot, and let the water soak slowly (this method is called "pot soaking method")
For large seeds, you can pick them up by hand or other tools, put them directly into the substrate and sow them at a spacing of 3×5 cm. After sowing, the substrate is covered, and the covering thickness is 2-3 times of the seed thickness. After sowing, the sowing substrate can be soaked with sprayer and fine-hole shower, and then watered when the soil in the basin is slightly dry. Still pay attention to the watering intensity and don't wash the seeds away.
Post-sowing management: after sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, in case of cold wave and low temperature, plastic film can be used to wrap the flowerpot to keep it warm and moist; After the seedlings are unearthed, the film should be uncovered in time, and the seedlings should be exposed to the sun before 9: 30 am or after 3: 30 pm, otherwise the seedlings will grow very weakly; After most of the seeds come out, the seedlings should be properly spaced: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings and let the remaining seedlings have a certain spacing; Most seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to three or more.
Cutting: Young branches are often cut with branches of the current year in late spring and early autumn, or old branches are cut with branches of the previous year in early spring.
Cutting substrate: it is nutrient soil, river sand, peat soil and other materials used for cutting. It is difficult to get an ideal cutting medium for home cutting because of the limited conditions, so it is suggested to use a prepared and disinfected cutting medium; Medium and coarse river sand can also be used, but it should be washed with clear water several times before use. Sea sand and river sand in saline-alkali areas are not suitable for the growth of flowers and plants.
Selection of cutting branches: when cutting tender branches, when plants grow vigorously in late spring and early autumn, choose thick branches of that year as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, select the robust parts and cut them into 5 ~ 15 cm long segments, each with more than 3 pieces. When cutting, it should be noted that the upper cut is cut flat at about 1 cm above the last leaf node, and the lower cut is cut obliquely at about 0.5 cm below the lowest leaf node. The upper and lower incisions should be flat (the knife should be sharp). When cutting hard branches, after the temperature rises in early spring, choose the strong branches of the previous year as cuttings. Usually, 3 ~ 4 knots are reserved for each cutting, and the cutting method is the same as that of twig cutting. Post-harvest management
Temperature: the optimum temperature for cuttings to take root is 20℃ ~ 30℃, and below 20℃, cuttings are difficult and slow to take root; When the temperature is higher than 30℃, the upper and lower cuttings are susceptible to bacterial infection and rot. The higher the temperature, the greater the proportion of rot. When low temperature is encountered after cutting, the measures of heat preservation are mainly to wrap the flowerpot or container for cutting with film; When the temperature is too high after cutting, the main measure to reduce the temperature is to shade the cuttings, which should cover 50 ~ 80% of the sun. At the same time, the cuttings are sprayed 3 ~ 5 times a day, with more spraying times in sunny days and less or no spraying times in rainy days.
Humidity: The relative humidity of air after cutting must be kept at 75 ~ 85%. The basic requirements of cutting rooting are: before cutting rooting, it is necessary to ensure that the cuttings are fresh and tender and can produce rooting substances through photosynthesis. However, cuttings without roots cannot absorb enough water to maintain water balance in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the moisture evaporation of cuttings by spraying: spraying cuttings 3-5 times a day under the condition of shading. The higher the temperature in sunny days, the more spraying times and the lower the temperature in rainy days. However, if the cuttings are sprayed excessively, they are easily infected by germs and rot, because there are many kinds of germs in the water.
Illumination: The propagation of cuttings can not be separated from sunlight, because the cuttings should continue to carry out photosynthesis, produce nutrients and rooting substances, and supply them with rooting needs. However, the stronger the light, the higher the temperature in the cuttings, the more vigorous the transpiration of cuttings and the more water they consume, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, 50 ~ 80% sunlight must be blocked after cutting, and then the sunshade net should be removed gradually after the root system grows: the sunshade net should be removed at 4: 00 pm every day on sunny days and covered before 9: 00 am the next day.
Layering: select strong branches and peel the bark from about 15 ~ 30 cm below the top. The width of the peeled wound is about 1 cm, and the depth is limited to just peeling off the epidermis. Cut a piece of film with a length of 10 ~ 20cm and a width of 5 ~ 8cm, put some wet garden soil on it, and wrap the ring-tied part like a wound, with the upper and lower ends of the film tied tightly and bulging in the middle. It takes about four to six weeks to root. After taking root, cut off the branches and roots together, and it becomes a new plant. 1. Seedling raising: breeding with seeds. Harvest the fruits when they are ripe in autumn, peel and clean the seeds in time. Because the seed shell is hard, it can be sown in autumn or buried in wet sand for winter in spring. Nursery land needs deep fertile soil and good drainage system. Soil preparation requires deep ploughing, sufficient base fertilizer and good drainage ditch. Suitable for sowing on demand, the density is 25cm, the plant spacing is 12 ~ 15 cm, and the covering thickness is 5 cm. 50 ~ 60 kilograms of seeds are used per mu, and each mu produces 1 10,000 ~1.20,000 plants. The height of seedlings leaving the nursery is 60 ~ 65,438+000 cm, and the ground diameter is about 0.8 cm. There are few pests and diseases of Sapindus mukoraiensis, the underground pests are mainly controlled in the seed germination period, and the longicorn beetles are mainly controlled in the seedling stage.
2. Cultivation of big seedlings: select nursery land, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and make beds in the east-west direction, with bed width of 1.5m and bed height of 25cm. Deciduous leaves fall in autumn and germinate in the following spring, and annual seedlings with good tree shape, vigorous growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected and planted according to the row spacing of 60 cm ×80 cm. When planting seedlings, it is necessary to protect the terminal buds and roots and bring as much soil as possible.
After planting, the following work should be paid attention to in daily field management:
First, after planting, if there are lateral branches sprouting, they should be smoothed as soon as possible to facilitate the cultivation of straight stems.
Second, when pruning, we should pay special attention to the pruning of the top layer of the lateral branches, so as to ensure that the branches extending from the top of the central trunk are absolutely dominant, weakening and thinning the branches that are born at the same time.
Third, the use of natural crowns can promote flourishing, and special attention should be paid to protecting the terminal buds so as not to be bruised. In addition to the dense branches and insect branches should be trimmed in time, the rest should be allowed to grow.
After three to four years of cultivation and management, the cultivated seedlings grow well, with an average DBH of 4 cm and a height of 3.5 meters, which can be used for landscaping at this time.