Eggplant likes warm crops and is resistant to high temperature. The suitable temperature for fruiting is 25 ~ 30℃. It is insensitive to the length of photoperiod, and can blossom and bear fruit from spring to autumn as long as the temperature is suitable. Open field cultivation is the main method. In the Yangtze River valley, seedlings are planted in seedbeds from winter to early spring, while in the northern provinces, seedlings are planted in hotbeds or sunny beds in early spring. Due to the long fruiting period of eggplant, in addition to adequate base fertilizer, it is also required to topdress for many times (mainly nitrogen fertilizer, appropriately increasing phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer). The main pests are cutworms, ladybugs and red spiders, and the main disease is damping-off disease.

1. Variety: Choose varieties with low temperature tolerance, weak light and early maturity. Such as: jet, Shenqie 1, Qiqie 2, Qingqie, Heiqie 2, Yongfeng Heiqie, etc.

2. Preparation of bed soil: 6 parts of pollution-free field soil, 2 parts of decomposed high-quality chicken manure or pig manure, and 2 parts of decomposed horse manure or rice bran are mixed evenly and sieved for later use.

3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: Soak seeds with 1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, after repeated washing, soak seeds with 55℃ water for 15 minutes, and then soak them with 20℃ water for 24 hours. Before germination, wipe the mucus off the seed coat with fine sand, then wrap it with wet cloth and put it at 25-30℃ to accelerate germination, which usually takes 5-6 days to germinate.

4. Sowing: spread 10cm bed soil with seedling tray or wooden box in greenhouse, pat it flat and water it. Then spread the seeds evenly on the bed. The sowing amount per square meter is 35-40 grams.

5. Sowing: Transplanting seedlings with row spacing of 8- 10 cm, and watering after sowing. In the early stage, the daytime temperature increased to 25-30℃, and the nighttime temperature was 15- 18℃. After slow sowing, reduce the temperature to 25℃ during the day and 15℃ at night, and the minimum temperature shall not be lower than 10℃. Eggplant seedlings are mostly over 80 days old. Because of their long seedling age and easy fertilization in the later stage, 0.3% diammonium phosphate can be used as topdressing outside the roots.

Cultivation of eggplant in the open field in early spring has the advantages of less investment, simple management and good benefit. You can try.

Hebei purple eggplant with good commodity, strong cold tolerance, high quality and high yield and early disease resistance was selected. This variety belongs to infinite growth type, with long growth period, wide adaptability and high resistance to verticillium wilt and tea yellow mite. It can be planted all over the country. The listing period is as long as 6 months, the yield per mu is about 7500 Jin, and the benefit per mu is 4000 ~ 5000 yuan.

Generally, eggplant in the open field is raised by improved solar heating line. It is sowed in the middle and late June at 65438+1October, sowed in the late April and harvested in the late June.

1. Seed dosage: 50g per mu.

2. Seed treatment: Before soaking, dry the seeds for 1 ~ 2 days, then soak them in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, and then take them out and wash them. Then soak the seeds in warm water 10 ~ 15 minutes, which is 5 ~ 6 times the volume of the seeds, keep stirring, soak them for 8 ~ 10 hours when the temperature drops to about 30℃, take them out and wipe off the mucus on the surface of the seeds with fine sand, and wrap the treated seeds with wet cloth at 30℃. During germination, it is washed once a day with clear water, which usually takes 5 ~ 7 days to germinate. Sow when more than 70% of the seeds are white.

3. Preparation before sowing: 60% fertile soil without solanaceae vegetables and 40% horse manure and sheep manure are evenly mixed as culture soil, and then decomposed chicken manure 10 ~ 15 kg, plant ash 5 ~ 18 kg, hydrazine 1 kg and 25% carbendazim are added per mu. Then make a seedbed with a width of 1.2m and a floor hotline of 80-100w per mu. Then spread 10 cm thick nutrient soil on it, and water it for sowing.

4. Sowing: Sowing in sunny morning, evenly spreading the germinated seeds on the border, covering with nutrient soil with the thickness of 1 cm, and then covering with plastic film. Before emergence, the temperature was maintained at 25℃ ~ 30℃ in the daytime, 65,438+06℃ ~ 20℃ at night, and the ground temperature was about 20℃. Generally, the seedlings can emerge completely in 5 ~ 6 days, and the plastic film is removed after 70% of the seedlings emerge.

5. Seedling management: After fully emergence, properly reduce the room temperature to 20℃ ~ 25℃ during the day and 65,438 05℃ at night, and sprinkle dry nutrient soil on the seedbed once to prevent it from coming out with a cap. After the two cotyledons are completely unfolded, sprinkle them again, each time with a thickness of 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm. When the seedlings grow to two leaves and one heart, divide the seedlings. The method is to open ditches with the row spacing of 10 ~ 15 cm, spread them with the row spacing of 10 cm, and then cover them with nutrient soil. After seedling separation, heat preservation at 28℃ ~ 30℃ should be strengthened during the day. At night 16℃ ~ 20℃. When the heart leaves of seedlings begin to grow, the temperature should be controlled at 20℃ ~ 25℃ during the day and at 13℃ ~ 15℃ at night to prevent excessive growth. The seedlings should be exercised about 10 days before planting, at 20℃ during the day and at 12℃ at night.

1. Preparation before planting: Before planting, 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of multi-element compound fertilizer were applied in combination with land preparation, and 2/3 of them were generally applied. Then plough deeply, furrow with large row spacing of 70cm and small row spacing of 50cm, and then apply 1/3 fertilizer to mix with soil.

2. Planting: planting in sunny days, pouring enough water in the ditch, and sowing after seepage. Plant 2500 ~ 3000 plants per mu with a spacing of 30 ~ 35cm, and then cover with soil, the thickness of which is equal to that of clods.

1. intertillage: shallow intertillage should be carried out 3 days after planting, so as to increase the ground temperature and promote the slow growth of seedlings. After slowly planting the seedlings, intertillage should be carried out again, emphasizing soil covering. Ridges with the height of 12 ~ 15 cm are made by intertillage, so that the ridge surface exceeds the top surface.

2. Fertilizer and water management: Generally, seedlings are not watered after delay until flowering. In case of drought, you can water it once. At the "start" stage, topdressing and watering can be carried out, and urea 10 ~ 15 kg and potassium sulfate 10 kg can be applied in coordination with irrigation. After the eggplant is set, it should be watered once every 5-7 days, topdressing once every 3 days, and applying urea 10 ~ 15 kg per mu.

3. Branching: After six eggplants are seated, keep two branches and remove the axillary buds under the door eggplant.

4. Pest control: This variety is very resistant to various pests and diseases, and basically does not need to be controlled. Once there are aphids and tea yellow mites, they can be controlled by high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides such as imidacloprid, reaching the standard of pollution-free food.

Planting techniques of autumn sowing eggplant

1. Seedling raising

A. Determination of nursery and sowing date: Eggplants in winter and spring in solar greenhouses in Shanxi Province are generally planted in the middle of 5438+ 10.