(1) First of all, we need to build a greenhouse base.
Key points of cultivation In order to achieve high yield of Morchella, field management should pay attention to three aspects: furrowing, sowing and covering soil, and facility innovation.
Methods and process management of planting Morchella in greenhouse First, furrow cultivation. Cultivation: the width of the border surface is 0.8m- 1.2m, and the length is not limited. A walkway with a width of 40cm-60cm and a depth of 10cm-25cm is left between the border surfaces to facilitate mushroom picking. Dry and well-drained plots can be used as low border, and poor drainage and clayey soil should be used as high border water. Ditching: 2 -3 sowing ditches are dug along the car surface with a depth of 5cm-8cm.
Sow and cover the soil. Sowing: the sowing amount is 500 -600 bottles/mu, and the sowing method can be drilling or broadcasting. The way of drilling is to spread the strains evenly in the sowing ditch; The width of sowing mode is controlled at 80cm, and no sowing ditch is opened, so that the strains are evenly scattered on the whole border. Covering: Covering fine soil about 2cm-3cm, leveling the border, and mechanically covering the soil.
Facility innovation. It is recommended to use a simple sunshade net shed. The short shed is the earliest cultivation method of Morchella, and it is widely used in undergrowth cultivation at present, with a shed height of 0.75m m.. The middle shed is 2m high. If possible, you can use a steel shed with a height of 2.5m-4m.
(2) Planting conditions
The reason why Morchella is planted less is because it has higher planting conditions. It is different from other fungi and has extremely high requirements for soil. It must be planted in neutral or slightly alkaline soil, with a ph value of about 6.5-7.5, and the soil is preferably fertile black soil. Then there is the air factor, which needs to keep enough oxygen, and the requirements for temperature and humidity are also high. Its peak season is spring and autumn, the suitable growth temperature is 20 degrees, the humidity is about 70%, and it is also in a weak light environment, so artificial planting of it must meet these conditions.
() Cultivation formula
74.5% of crop straw powder, 20% of bran, 0/%of phosphate fertilizer/kloc-,0/%of gypsum/kloc-,0.5% of lime and 3% of humus; 75% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 0/%of phosphate fertilizer/kloc-,0/%of gypsum/kloc-and 3% of humus; 75% of cotton husk, 20% of bran, 0/%of gypsum/kloc-,0/%of lime/kloc-and 3% of humus. You can choose any of the above three. The ratio of feed to water is 1: 1.3. After mixing the feed, it is fermented for 20 days and the water content is 60%. Fill with17cm× 33cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bag, mix with 500-600g bagged material, then sterilize at 100℃ for 8h, and then inoculate the strain. Using two-end inoculation method, the bag mouth is sealed and cultured at 22-25℃ for about 30 days, and hyphae can grow all over the bag. 5-6 days after the mycelium is full of bags, let it grow sufficiently, and then it can be cultivated.
(3) Bagging cultivation of clinker
Choose a formula and mix it with water according to the ratio of 1: 1.3. After mixing, pile up and ferment for 20 days, and then put it in a special plastic bag, with about 500 grams per bag. After loading, put these bagged materials in a high temperature environment of 100℃ for sterilization, and the sterilization time will be 8- 10 hour longer, so that hyphae can be inoculated. Adopt two-end inoculation method, seal the bag mouth after inoculation, and put it in a culture room at 22-25 degrees for one month, so that the mycelium can grow completely, and then it can be cultivated after the mycelium grows full of bags.
(4) cultivating fruiting bodies
Choose a suitable planting environment for cultivation, or build a suitable environment with a greenhouse. After disinfection, spread a plastic film on the bed surface, and then cover it with a layer of 3-5cm of decomposed soil. Cover the soil evenly, and flatten the soil after covering. Then remove the plastic bags from the cultivated fungus sticks, and arrange them on the bed surface one by one. The arrangement should be even and even. Generally, 40 fungus sticks can be arranged per square meter, and the specific number depends on the actual situation. After arranging the fungus sticks, spray water evenly once, then cover the soil for 3-5cm, and then cover it with a layer of fallen leaves to keep the soil moist and the air moist, and the fruiting body can grow in about one month.
2. Process management of planting Morchella in greenhouse
(1) Temperature and humidity: Morchella belongs to a low-temperature and high-humidity fungus, which occurs frequently after rain in March-May and occasionally in August-September. The growth period is long, and a large temperature difference is needed to stimulate mycelium differentiation. The mycelium growth temperature is 2 1-24℃, and the fruiting body formation and development temperature is 4.4-/. Therefore, the cultivation time should be11-1February.
(2) Sunshine air: Weak scattered light is beneficial to the growth and development of fruiting bodies, and strong direct light is avoided.
(3) Soil conditions: The soil pH value should be 6.5-7.5, neutral or slightly alkaline is beneficial to the growth of Morchella. Sheep often grow in limestone or chalk soil, and can grow in humus soil, black or yellow loam soil and sandy mixed soil.
Methods and process management of planting Morchella in greenhouse 4. Cultivation methods: The main cultivation methods of Morchella are indoor unpacking cultivation, outdoor bagging cultivation and outdoor raw material cultivation.
(4) Humidity management: Morchella likes humidity, and its growing environment must be kept humid. It should be cultivated outdoors. In winter, especially in early spring, when there is more rain and the temperature is appropriate, the mycelium and fruiting body will grow well. If there is drought in early spring, it must be watered in time.
(5) Temperature management: In early spring, the temperature of 4- 16℃ within a few weeks can stimulate the formation of the fruiting body of Morchella esculenta. If the temperature changes sharply at this time (lower than 4℃ or higher than 16℃), it will affect the development of the fruiting body.
(6) Pests and diseases control: Both hyphae and fruiting bodies will suffer from pests and diseases, and prevention should be given priority to keep the site environment clean and hygienic. Before sowing, carry out site sterilization and insect killing treatment. If insect pests occur in the later stage, spray pyrethrum or 10% limewater to kill them before the fruiting body grows.